by Edward Klein
In an interview with the author, Rabbi Arthur Schneier discussed in general terms the legal requirements of a Jewish divorce or “get.”
The author also drew on accounts in periodicals for his description of Tempelsman’s relationship with Jackie. These include the author’s own cover story in the August 1989 issue of Vanity Fair titled “Jackie, Yo!”; Paula Span’s “The Man at Jackie’s Side: In Maurice Tempelsman, the Sophisticated Lady Has Finally Met Her Match,” The Washington Post, May 26, 1994; “The Man Who Loved Jackie; With Savvy, Cultivated Maurice Tempelsman, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis at Long Last Found a Safe Haven—and Serenity,” People, July 11, 1994; Jessie Mangaliman’s “Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis—A City Mourns; Family Was Her Priority; Jackie’s Companion—A Loyal, Caring Advisor,” Newsday, May 21, 1994; Sandra Sanchez’s “Longtime Friend: “Journey Is Over,” “ USA Today, May 24, 1994; Susan Baer’s “Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis: 1929–1994; Onassis’s Longtime Companion Was Considered Family,” Los Angeles Times, May 24, 1994.
Periodical sources for the description of Maurice’s business dealings in Africa and elsewhere include “Maurice Tempelsman’s African Connections,” Fortune, November 15, 1982; “Maurice Tempelsman: Diamonds and Diplomacy,” Jewelers Circular Keystone, June 1989; “To De Beers on Prices: Don’t Kill Golden Goose,” Jewelers Circular Keystone, September 1989 and August 1991; Vladimir Kvint’s “Sorry Mr. Oppcnheimer,” Forbes, February 15, 1993; Rita Koselka’s “Brand Name Diamonds?” Forbes, April 28, 1986; Leon Dash’s “Zaire Gambles by Resigning Diamond Cartel,” The Washington Post, November 11, 1981; Howard W. French’s “In Africa, Wealth Often Buys Only Trouble,” The New York Tunes, January 25, 1998; James Ring Adams’s “Citizen Kennedy’s Energy,” The American Spectator, December 1997; “U.S. Diamond Dealer Turns Peacemaker,” Africa News, August 15, 1997; John Elvin’s “Angolan Angle,” The Washington Times, September 20, 1990; Jim McGee’s “Polishing Off a Ban on S. African Diamonds,” The Washington Post, January 25, 1990; The Orange County Register, June 29, 1989; and the London Mail on Sunday, May 22, 1994.
Primary published sources for this section include Carl Sferrazza Anthony’s As We Remember Her (HarperCollins, 1997), Lester David’s Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (Birch Lane Press, 1994), C. David Hey-mann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989), and Michael G. Schatzberg’s Mobutu or Chaos (University Press of America and Foreign Policy Research Institute, 1991).
Two excellent sources for information on Mama Mobutu’s funeral were Thomas M. Callaghy, professor of political science, University of Pennsylvania, and Crawford Young, professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin and co-author with Thomas Turner of The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State.
Primary published sources for details of Gbadolite and Mobutu’s fabulous palace there include Colette Braeckman’s Le Dinosaure: Le Zaire de Mobutu (Fayard, 1992) and a book by Pierre Janssen, one of Mobutu’s sons-in-law, titled A La Cour de Mobutu (Editions Michel Lafon, 1997).
The author also drew on accounts in periodicals for details on Mobutu’s life in Zaire, including “Rebel With a Cause,” Vanity Fair, August 1997, and articles in The New York Times and The Washington Post, September 8, 1997.
FOURTEEN: SINGLE WORKING WOMAN
The account of Jackie and Lee Radziwill’s falling out over Lee’s aborted marriage to Newton Cope was drawn from Diana DuBois’s In Her Sisters Shadow (Little, Brown, 1995) and Taki Theodoracopulos’s Princes, Playboys & High-Class Tarts (Karz-Cohl, 1984).
The story of Jackie’s involvement with historic preservation and the Municipal Art Society was drawn from an extensive interview with Brendan Gill shortly before his death. Background for this period of her life was provided by Gregory Gilmartin’s Shaping the City (Clarkson Potter, 1995).
The narrative of the party Jackie and Pete Hamill attended in Soho in March 1980 was drawn from interviews with the hosts of the party, John and Julienne Scanlon, and the co-host, Patsy Denk Powers.
Pete Hamill recounts details of his problems with drinking and fatherhood in his memoir A Drinking Life (Little, Brown, 1994). The author’s interview with friends of Jackie’s who requested anonymity also provided insight into Jackie’s relationship with Hamill. The New York Posf’s printing of Hamill’s scathing column about Jackie marrying Onassis is recounted in Kitty Kelley’s Jackie Oh! (Lyle Stuart, 1979).
Dustin Hoffman’s comment on receiving his first Oscar was quoted in Jack Mathews’s “Oscar at 60: He Stands for Popularity, Not Excellence,” The Washington Post, April 12, 1988.
Jackie’s comment about journalists was made to the author at a Christmas party he attended at Jackie’s apartment in 1981.
Insight into Jackie’s work as an editor at Doubleday was drawn from an extensive interview with John Loring, the former design director of Tiffany & Company, and from interviews with other publishing colleagues who wish to remain anonymous.
Insight into Jackie’s frame of mind in the mid 1980s was drawn from an interview with one of her authors, the psychoanalyst Dr. Stephen Appelbaum.
Jackie defined her own idea of happiness in an article that appeared in Ms. magazine in March 1979. Gloria Steinem’s thoughts about Jackie’s life as a working woman appeared in that same issue of Ms., and were reprinted in her collection of essays Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1983).
Susan Douglas, professor of media and American Studies at Hampshire College, relates her ideas about Jackie as a transitional figure for early feminists in Where the Girls Are (Times Books, 1994).
The narrative of Jackie’s growing reliance on Maurice Tempelsman in “The Power behind the Throne” was drawn from the author’s interviews with Hélène Arpels and with a number of friends of the couple who wish to remain anonymous.
Details about Tempelsman’s heart attack and follow-up treatment were drawn from an interview with one of his friends. The author also drew upon a number of published sources, including the American Heart Association’s Guide to Heart Attack Treatment, Recovery, and Prevention (Times Books, 1996), Robert E. Kowalski’s 8 Steps to a Healthy Heart (Warner Books, 1992), Siegfried Kra’s What Every Woman Must Know about Heart Disease (Warner Books, 1996), and Harvey Wolinsky and Gary Ferguson’s The Heart Attack Recovery Handbook (Warner Books, 1988).
FIFTEEN: THE TIME OF HER LIFE
The narrative on Jackie’s transformation from haunted to happy in “The Best Disguise” is drawn from the author’s extensive interview with John Loring.
The account of Jackie’s life on Martha’s Vineyard is drawn from interviews with summer and winter residents of the island, including Gus Ben David, director of the Felix Neck Wildlife Sanctuary; Joan Braden; Art Buchwald; David Flanders, Flanders Real Estate; Ralph Graves; Louise Grunwald; Adriana Ignacio; Robert McNamara; I. M. Pei; Richard Reston, editor and publisher of the Vineyard Gazette; and Alfred Vanderhoop, whose family owned part of the disputed Gay Head property.
Details of Jackie’s purchase of the Gay Head property and the subsequent suit and settlement with the Wampanoag Indians were also drawn from accounts published in the Vineyard Gazette, August 1978, January 1989, and March 1990.
Bunny Mellon described her landscaping for Jackie’s Gay Head property in Paul Deitz’s “The Private World of a Great Gardener,” The New York Times, June 3, 1982.
Details of Jackie’s relationship with her children are drawn from the author’s interviews with Peter Beard and with a number of other friends who wish to remain anonymous.
Primary published sources for information on John F. Kennedy Jr.’s life include Wendy Leigh’s Prince Charming (Dutton, 1993), Lester David’s Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (Birch Lane Press, 1994), and C. David Hey-mann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989).
The narrative about Jackie in “The Man Who Won Art Buchwald” was drawn from interviews with Art Buchwald and with a guest at the Katharine Graham luncheon who wishes to remain anonymous.
The section “A Real Trooper
” is drawn from the author’s extensive interview with Tillie Weitzner, Jackie’s yoga teacher.
SIXTEEN: TOUCHED BY THE SUN
The narrative of Jackie’s diagnosis and treatment for cancer was drawn from the author’s interviews with medical personnel involved in Jackie’s treatment who wish to remain anonymous.
Other details come from a number of published sources including Lois Romano’s “Reliable Source” column, The Washington Post, November 24, 1993; Christopher Andersen’s Jackie after Jack (William Morrow, 1998); Carl Sferrazza Anthony’s As We Remember Her (HarperCollins, 1997); Lester David’s Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis (Birch Lane Press, 1994); and C. David Heymann’s A Woman Named Jackie (Lyle Stuart, 1989).
Frank Sinatra’s first Duets album was released in 1993 by Capitol Records. The words to the song “Guess I’ll Hang My Tears Out to Dry” were written by Sammy Cahn; the music was composed by Jule Styne; the words to “In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning” were by Bob Hilliard; the music was by David Mann.
Information on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was drawn from Laurence K. Altman’s “Lymphomas Are on the Rise in U.S. and No One Knows Why,” The New York Times, May 24, 1994, and Geoffrey Cowley’s “A Varied but Brutal Disease,” Newsweek, May 30, 1994.
The narrative of Maurice providing breakfast for Jackie after her radiation treatments was drawn from Elizabeth Gleick’s “The Man Who Loved Jackie,” People, July 11, 1994.
C. P. Cavafy’s poem “Ithaca” appears in The Complete Poems of Cavafy (Harvest Books/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989).
Brooke Astor’s letter from Jackie was read on the Charlie Rose Show about Jackie, May 20, 1994.
The words and music to “Touched by the Sun” were written by Carly Simon.
The narrative in “Final Exit” is drawn from the author’s interview with close friends of Jackie’s who wish to remain anonymous.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abramson, Rudy. Spanning the Century: The Life of W. Averell Harriman 1891–1986. New York: William Morrow, 1992.
Adler, Bill. The Kennedy Children: Triumphs and Tragedies. New York: Franklin Watts, 1980.
Andersen, Christopher. Jackie after Jack: Portrait of the Lady. New York: William Morrow, 1998.
Anthony, Carl Sferrazza. As We Remember Her: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the Words of Her Family and Friends. New York, HarperCollins, 1997.
_______. First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents’ Wives and Their Power. Vol. 2. Morrow, 1991.
Baldridge, Letitia. Of Diamonds and Diplomats. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1968.
Baldwin, Billy. Billy Baldwin Remembers. New York: Harcourt Brace Jo-vanovich, 1974.
Baldwin, Billy, and Michael Gardine. Billy Baldwin: An Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown, 1985.
Beard, Peter. Longing for Darkness: Katnante’s Tales from “Out of Africa.” San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1975, 1990.
Beschloss, Michael R. Taking Charge: The Johnson White House Tapes, 1963–1964. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.
Biddle, Livingston. Our Government and the Arts: A Perspective from the Inside. New York: American Council for the Arts, 1988.
Birmingham, Stephen. Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1978.
_______. The Late John Marquand: A Biography. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1972.
Bishop, Jim. The Day Kennedy Was Shot. Reprint. New York: Bantam, 1969.
Boiler, Paul F., Jr. Presidential Wives: An Anecdotal History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Bouvier, Jacqueline, and Lee Bouvier. One Special Summer. New York: Delacorte Press, 1974.
Braden, Joan. Just Enough Rope. New York: Villard, 1989.
Bradlee, Benjamin C. Conversations with Kennedy. New York: W. W. Norton, 1975.
_______. A Good Life: Newspapering and Other Adventures. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
Brady, Frank. Onassis: An Extravagant Life. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
Bracckman, Colette. Le Dinosaure: Le Zaire de Mobutu. Paris: Fayard, 1992.
Buck, Pearl S. The Kennedy Women: A Personal Appraisal. New York: Cowles Book Company, 1970.
Cafarakis, Christian. The Fabulous Onassis: His Life and Loves. New York: William Morrow, 1972.
Canfield, Cass. Up and Down and Around: A Publisher Recollects the Time of His Life. New York: Harper’s Magazine Press/Harper & Row, 1971.
Capote, Truman. Answered Prayers: The Unfinished Novel. New York: Random House, 1987.
_______. A Capote Reader. New York: Random House, 1987.
Carpozi, George. The Hidden Side of Jacqueline Kennedy. New York: Pyramid Books, 1967.
_______. Jackie & Ari: For Love or Money? New York: Lancer Books, 1968.
Cartledge, Paul. The Greeks. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Cassini, Oleg. In My Own Fashion: An Autobiography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.
Cavafy, C. P. The Complete Poems of Cavafy. Translated by Rae Dalven. Reprint. New York: Harvest Books/Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1989.
Clarke, Gerald. Capote: A Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.
Clinch, Nancy Gager. Kennedy Wives, Kennedy Women. New York: Dell, 1976.
Cohn, Roy, and Sidney Zion. The Autobiography of Roy Cohn. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1988.
Colacello, Bob. Holy Terror: Andy Warhol Close Up. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.
Collier, Peter, and David Horowitz. The Kennedys: An American Drama. New York: Summit Books, 1984.
A Concise Compendiutn of the Warren Commission Report on the Assassination of John F. Kennedy. New York: Popular Library, 1964.
Corry, John. The Manchester Affair. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1967.
Curran, Robert. The Kennedy Women: Their Triumphs and Tragedies. New York: Lancer Books, 1964.
Curtis, Charlotte. The Rich and Other Atrocities. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.
Cutler, John Henry. Cardinal Cushing of Boston. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1970.
Dallas, Rita, with Jeanira Ratcliffe. The Kennedy Case: The Intimate Memoirs of the Head Nurse to Joseph P. Kennedy during the Last Eight Years of His Life. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1973.
David, Lester. Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. New York: Birch Lane Press, 1994.
David, Lester, and Irene David. Bobby Kennedy: The Making of a Folk Hero. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1986.
David, Lester, and Jhan Robbins. Jackie and Ari: The Inside Story. New York: Pocket Books, 1975.
Davis, John H. The Bouviers: Portrait of an American Family. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1969.
Davis, L. J. Onassis: Aristotle and Christina. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1986.
The Decade of Women: A Ms. History of the Seventies in Word and Picture. Edited and produced by Suzanne Levine and Harriet Lyons, with Joanne Edgar, Ellen Swett, and Mary Thorn. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1980.
Dempster, Nigel. Heiress: The Story of Christina Onassis. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1989.
Douglas, Susan J. Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Mass Media. New York: Times Books, 1994.
DuBois, Diana. In Her Sister’s Shadow: An Intimate Biography of Lee Radziwill. Boston: Little, Brown, 1995.
Duby, Georges. William Marshal: The Flower of Chivalry. Translated by Richard Howard. New York: Pantheon Books, 1985.
Duchin, Peter. Ghost of a Chance: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 1996.
Epstein, Edward Jay. The Rise and Fall of Diamonds: The Shattering of a Brilliant Illusion. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1982.
Erikson, Erik H. A Way of Looking at Things: Selected Papers from 1930–1980. Edited by Stephen Schlein. New York: W. W. Norton, 1987.
Evans, Peter. Ari: The Life and Times of Aristotle Socrates Ofiassis. New York: Summit Books, 1986.
Exner, Judith, as told to Ovid Demaris. My Story. New York: Grove Press, 1977.
Fay, Paul B., Jr. The Pleasure of His Company. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
Fenton, John H. Salt of the Ear
th: An Informal Profile of Richard Cardinal Cushing. New York: Coward-McCann, 1965.
Foreman, Norma Ruth Holly. “The First Lady as Leader of Public Opinion: A Study of the Role and Press Relations of Lady Bird Johnson.” Ph.D. diss., University of Texas at Austin, 1971.
Foster, Mark S. Henry J. Kaiser: Builder in the Modern American West. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.
Fraser, Nicholas, et al. Aristotle Onassis. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1977.
Friedan, Betty. The Second Stage. New York: Summit Books, 1981.
Frischauer, Willi. Onassis. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.
Galbraith, John Kenneth. Ambassador’s Journal: A Personal Account of the Kennedy Years. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969.
Galella, Ron. Jacqueline. New York: Sheed & Ward, 1974.
Gallagher, Mary Barelli. My Life with Jacqueline Kennedy. New York: David McKay, 1969.
Garvey, Barbara Oney. “A Rhetorical-Humanistic Analysis of the Relationship between First Ladies and the Way Women Find a Place in Society.” Ph.D. diss., Ohio State University, 1978.
Giglio, James N. The Presidency of John F. Kennedy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991.
Gilmartin, Gregory F. Shaping the City: New York and the Municipal Art Society. New York: Clarkson Potter, 1995.
Graham, Katharine. Personal History. New York: Random House, 1997.
Grobel, Lawrence. Conversations with Capote. New York: New American Library, 1985.
Gutin, Myra Greenberg. “The President’s Partner: The First Lady as Public Communicator, 1920–1976.” diss., University of Michigan, 1983.
Hall, Gordon Langley, and Ann Pinchot. Jacqueline Kennedy: A Biography. New York: Frederick Fell, 1964.
Hamill, Pete. A Drinking Life: A Memoir. Boston: Little, Brown, 1994.
Hamilton, Nigel. JFK: Reckless Youth. New York: Random House, 1992.
Hampton, Mark. Legendary Decorators of the Twentieth Century. New York: Doubleday, 1992.