by Sarah Moss
Alexander Badenoch
Photo Acknowledgements
The author and publishers wish to express their thanks to the below sources of illustrative material and/or permission to reproduce it. Locations of some artworks are also given below.
Alvimann/MorgueFile: p. 88; A. Badenoch: pp. 82, 84, 91, 100, 104, 109; Alain Beguerie: p. 98; David Bernstein, New York/Werner Forman Archive: p. 10; Borthwick Institute: pp. 75, 112, 113; Bildarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz: pp. 38, 42, 83, 84; The image of the Black in Western Art Research Project and Photo Archive, W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, Harvard University: p. 43; Godiva Chocolates: p. 70; Mary Evans Picture Library: p. 20; Michael Leaman/Reaktion Books: p. 66; Library of Congress: pp. 67, 79; National Museum of Anthropology, Mexico City/Werner Forman Archive: p. 19; Margaret F. MacDonald collection (Die Praktische Konditoreikunst, 1927): p. 97; Maceofoto/Istockphoto: p. 6; Edward H. Merrin Gallery, New York/Werner Forman Archive: p. 18; Montezuma’s Chocolates: p. 71; Roger-Viollet/Rex Features: pp. 32, 49, 64; Sheila Terry/Science Photo Library: p. 16.
Index
italic numbers refer to illustrations; bold to recipes
Acosta, Jose de 20
adulteration 77, 78
Amedei 103–4, 104, 105, 106, 119–20
Archer Daniels Midland 88, 101–2
Austen, Jane 45, 48–9
Australia 99
Aztecs 13–14, 16–19, 21, 25–8, 33
Baker, Walter and family 52, 88
ballotins 70
Banania 82, 85
BarryCallebaut 88
Belgium 76, 77
Benzoni, Girolamo 20
Bloomsberry 96–7, 112–13, 116
Boucher, Frangois 49
Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme 59–60, 108
Burney, Frances 48
cacao press 56
Cadbury Brothers 59, 65, 68, 73, 75, 78, 85–6, 89, 110
Cailler, Francois-Louis 61
Cargill 88, 101–2
Casas, Bartholomé de las 15–16
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (book and film) 94, 94
Charpentier, Jean-Baptiste 44
Chick Chocolates 112–13
Chocolat (book and film) 115, 115–16
Chocolate and Lavender Cream 120–21
varieties 106, recipe 125
chocolate and annatto 19, 32
chocolate bars 53, 58, 61–3, 111–18
manufacturingprocess 60–63
chocolate in Belgium 63, 69, 70, 76–7, 80, 81, 96, 99
Chocolate Biscuit Cake 123–4
chocolate as blood 17–18
chocolate boxes and packaging 68–72
chocolate cake 40–41 , 46–7
chocolate and childhood 49, 65, 66, 66, 67, 73–4, 92
chocolate and chilli 12 , 32, 33
chocolate and colonialism 79–86
chocolate in England 35–41,36
chocolate in France 34, 58–9, 76
chocolate and health 26–8, 34–6, 59, 60, 63, 67, 72, 77–8, 108, 109–10
chocolate ice-cream 41
chocolate in Italy 34
chocolate and milk 34, 40, 72, 77, 89
chocolate in North America 50–51, 92
chocolate and Roman Catholicism 20, 21–2, 24–5, 31–2, 33, 35, 53, 72, 103, 115–16
chocolate and Spain 13, 20–21, 31–3, 34, 53, 54, 55
chocolate and sugar 30, 33
chocolate in Switzerland 59–60, 76, 77, 99
Chocolate Truffles, Experimental 124–5
chocolate and vanilla 12, 32, 34, 47, 63
chocolate and war 54, 56, 64, 64, 88
chocolate and women
as consumers 20–24, 26, 28, 42, 43, 64, 66, 109, 109–20, 112, 113
as cooks 12, 33, 3, 45
as witchcraft 23–4
chocolatieres 43
cocoa (drink) 25, 57–8, 63, 64, 67, 68, 72–4, 117
cocoa beans
fake 13
and gold 12–13, 15, 25
growth and production 7–10, 8, 9, 50–51, 51, 56, 59, 79, 87–8
percentage in chocolate 105
ritual uses 12, 18, 19
and slave labour 29–31, 46, 82–6, 101–2
Coe, Sophie and Michael Coe 9, 26
Columbus, Christopher 13–14
Columbus, Ferdinand 15–16
‘conching’ 61, 62
Cote d’Or 81–2, 96, 108, 114
Cowboy Cookies 121–2
cows 77, 90
Doutre-Roussel, Chloé, The Chocolate Conoisseur 103, 107–8, 109
Dufour, Philippe Sylvestre 25
‘dutching’ 56, 57–8
Engelbrecht, Martin 38
fair trade 100, 102
Few, Martha 23
Franciscans 13
Fry, J. S. & Sons 50, 59, 60, 64, 66, 75, 82, 84
Fuentes, Juan de 24
Gage, Thomas 21–3
German’s Sweet Chocolate, ‘German’ chocolate 92–4
Godiva 69, 70
Hannan, John 52
Harkin-Engel protocol 101 , 102
Helm 67
Hershey, Milton Snavely 59, 76, 89, 105
Hobsbawm, Eric 54
Hogarth, William 36
Hot Chocolate, Historic 122
Houten, Coenraad van, 57–8, 61, 68
Jesuits 20, 29–30
Johnson, Samuel 43–4
Keuken, Teun van de, Tony Chocolonely 101–2
Kraft Foods 52, 82, 88
Lehman, J. M. of Dresden 59
Leonidas 69
Lindt, Rodolphe 61, 62, 63
Lindt & Sprüngli 103
Liotard, Jean-Etienne 45
Longhi, Pietro 42
Mars 89
Matthieu, Georg David 43
Maya 10–12 , 33
mills 50–51
Montezuma’s 71, 71
Nestlé 61, 88, 89, 94, 101–2, 117–118, 122
Neuhaus, Jean 69, 70, 81
Nietzsche, Friedrich 110
Ogilvy, John, America 20
Olmec 8, 9
Oviedo y Valdes, Gonzalo Fernandez de 17
Patrick’s Guanaja Chocolate and Armagnac Mousse 125–6
People’s Own Enterprise Factory Halloren 90
Pepys, Samuel 37–9
praline, pralines 69
Rabutin-Chantal, Marie de, marquise de Sévigné 34
Red October chocolate 90, 91
Roger, Patrick 98
Rowntree 75, 75 see also Nestlé Black Magic 111, 112
Sade, Donatien Alphonse François de, Marquis 45–8
Sahagún, Bernardino de 17–18
Salazar, Bernardino de, Bishop of Chiapas 21–3
Sarotti 80–81
sex 114–17
TheSimpsons 92–3, 102
slavery 29–30, 55, 83–6, 101–2
Squier, E. G. 33
Suchard 61 , 88, 115–16, 118
Switzerland, Swiss chocolate 60, 76–7, 99
Tenochtitlan 13–14, 17, 33, 39
Theobroma cacao 7, 8, 8, 16, 53
Valrhona 16–17, 102, 103, 106
Venezuela 54–5, 83, 103
Venison Casserole 122–3
Waterhouse, Debra, Why Women Need Chocolate, 108