Döblin, Alfred. Berlin Alexanderplatz. New York: Fredrick Ungar, 1961.
Eckardt, Wolf Von, and Sander L. Gilman. Bertolt Brecht’s Berlin: A Scrapbook of the Twenties. New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1975.
Engelmann, Bernt. In Hitler’s Germany: Life in the Third Reich. New York: Pantheon, 1986.
Gold, Robert S. A Jazz Lexicon. New York: Knopf, 1964.
Gun, Nerin E. The Day of the Americans. New York: Fleet, 1966.
Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews. Chicago: Holmes & Meier, 1961.
Kogon, Eugen. The Theory and Practice of Hell. New York: Berkley, 1980.
Lee, Ulysses. U.S. Army in World War II: The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1961.
Levi, Primo. Survival in Auschwitz. New York: Collier, 1961.
Levi, Primo. Moments of Reprieve: A Memoir of Auschwitz. New York: Penguin, 1986.
Lifton, Robert J. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killings and the Psychology of Genocide. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
Major, Clarence. Dictionary of Afro-American Slang. New York: International Publishers, 1970.
Manning, Kenneth R. Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Müller-Hill, Benno. Murderous Science: Elimination by Scientific Selection of Jews, Gypsies, and Others in Germany, 1933–1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Myers, Gustavus. History of Bigotry in the United States. New York: Random House, 1943.
Peukert, Detlev. Inside Nazi Germany: Conformity, Opposition, and Racism in Everday Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.
Plant, Richard. The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals. New York: Henry Holt, 1986.
Proctor, Robert N. Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.
Ramati, Alexander. And the Violins Stopped Playing: A Story of the Gypsy Holocaust. New York: Franklin Watts, 1986.
Reitlinger, Gerald. The Final Solution: The Attempt to Exterminate the Jews of Europe, 1939–1945. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1987.
Rothschild-Boros, Monica, C. In the Shadow of the Tower: The Works of Josef Nassy, 1942–1945. Irvine, CA: Severin Wundermunn Museum, 1988.
Rubenstein, Richard. The Cunning of History: The Holocaust and the American Future. New York Harper Colophon, 1978.
Seghers, Anna. The Seventh Cross. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1987.
Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Germany. New York: Crest/Fawcett, 1962.
Zwerin, Mike. La Tristesse de Saint Louis. New York: Beech Tree/Morrow, 1985.
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
“Concentration Camp Dachau.” Brussels/Munich: Comité International de Dachau, 1978.
“Concentration Camps Fail to Still Lips Praising God,” Consolation, vols. 21–27, excerpted from the Watch Tower Society’s files. New York: Watchtower Bible & Tract Society. Sept. 12, 1945–Jan. 16, 1946.
The Holocaust. Jerusalem: Remembrance Authority, 1977.
“Keeping Integrity in Nazi Germany,” Awake! New York: Watchtower Bible & Tract Society. June 22, 1985.
“The World Since 1914: Part 3:1935–1940,” Awake! New York: Watchtower Bible & Tract Society. April 8, 1987.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to thank Leroy Graham, who provided me with materials on Germany and black troops in the post-World War I occupation of Germany, as well as other information, ranging in time from 1903 to 1975; Roscoe C. Brown Jr. and Lee Archer, former pilots in the 33rd Fighter Group (Red Tails), for confirming interviews of the unit’s actions over southern Germany during World War II; the Hatch-Billops Collection for making available to me an oral recollection by Jacques Butler; the Institute of Jazz Studies at Rutgers University, Newark Campus, for allowing me to research trumpeter Arthur Briggs in its Oral History Collection; and graduate student Michelle Potter, whose German, and that of her friends, helped mightily.
About the Author
John A. Williams (1925–2015) was born near Jackson, Mississippi, and raised in Syracuse, New York. The author of more than twenty works of fiction and nonfiction, including the groundbreaking and critically acclaimed novels The Man Who Cried I Am and Captain Blackman, he has been heralded by the critic James L. de Jongh as “arguably the finest Afro-American novelist of his generation.” A contributor to the Chicago Defender, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times, among many other publications, Williams edited the periodic anthology Amistad and served as the African correspondent for Newsweek and the European correspondent for Ebony and Jet. A longtime professor of English and journalism, Williams retired from Rutgers University as the Paul Robeson Distinguished Professor of English in 1994. His numerous honors include two American Book Awards, the Syracuse University Centennial Medal for Outstanding Achievement, and the National Institute of Arts and Letters Award.
All rights reserved, including without limitation the right to reproduce this ebook or any portion thereof in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.
This is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, events, and incidents either are the product of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, businesses, companies, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.
Portion of this novel have been published in Another Chicago Magazine, 1987; Syracuse University Magazine, 1988; Love, A Babcock & Koontz broadside, 1988; Black American Literature Forum, 1989; and Rutgers Magazine, 1992
Copyright © 1999 by John A. Williams
Cover design by Andy Ross
ISBN: 978-1-5040-3305-3
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