La Nation
(Buenos Aires), August 10, 1986, Section 4, 1; Villarejo, 103
“You can do whatever”:
EC
, 799.
“Wrap up your affairs … not even here”:
Vicenta Lorca to FGL (February 16, 1934), AFFGL.
“where an author’s dreams … as you can see”:
“Discurso al despedirse de Buenos Aires,”
Crítica
(Buenos Aires), March 2, 1934, in OC, III, 238.
“I’ve cut it”:
Octavio Ramírez, “Lope de Vega en un teatro nacional,”
La Nación
(Buenos Aires), February 23, 1934, in OC, III, 520–22.
“monster of nature”:
“García Lorca ofrenda aplausos a Lope de Vega,”
Crítica
(Buenos Aires) March 4, 1934, in OC, III, 240.
“spied upon”:
Villarejo, 107.
“Lola balls”:
Eduardo Blanco-Amor, “Federico, otra vez; la misma vez,”
El País
(Madrid), October 1, 1978, vi.
“distinguished actress” and “an art, a great art”:
“En en el homenaje a Lola Membrives,”
Crítica
(Buenos Aires), March 16, 1934, in OC, III, 242–46.
FGL and Fontanals present
El retablillo:
FGL,
Retablillo; OC
, II, 398–411; “García Lorca presentará un ensayo de teatro de títeres,”
Crítica
(Buenos Aires), February 19, 1934, 8; “Una obra inédita de García Lorca se daría en el Odeón,”
Crítica
(Buenos Aires), February 22, 1934, 18; “Diálogo del poeta y Don Cristóbal,”
Crítica
(Buenos Aires), March 26, 1934, in OC, II, 707–8; Guardia, 86–87; César Tiempo, “Conversaciones con García Lorca en Buenos Aires,”
NacionalC
, July 11, 1957;
FM
, 282–84; GM, 146, 154.
“triumph for the Spanish”:
Juan Chabás, “Federico García Lorca y la tragedia,”
Luz
(Madrid), July 3, 1934, in OC, III, 535.
“You can’t imagine”:
Educardo Bianco-Amor, “Evocación de Federico,”
La Nación
(Buenos Aires), October 21, 1956.
FGL visits Neruda:
Chas de Cruz, “Han pasado dos poetas,”
El Suplemento, Primer magazine argentino
XV, 562 (Buenos Aires), April 25, 1934, in
Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos
433–34 (July-August 1986), 35–36.
FGL departs Buenos Aires:
G, II
, 304–5, citing Enrique Jascalevich, “El amigo de Federico García Lorca. ‘Despues de la fiesta a las cinco de la mañana, escuchaba misa en San Carlos,’ nos dice Amado Villar,”
El Hogar
(Buenos Aires) (undated clipping); “Partirán García Lorca y Fontanals. Embarcarán mañana para su patria. Formarán un conjunto para cultivar un teatro artístico,”
La Nación
(Buenos Aires), March 26, 1934, 13; H. E. Pedemonte, “El primer monumento a Federico García Lorca,”
Nueva Estafeta
(December 1978), 59.
“To myself, I still feel” and “Do you know him / But it was mine”:
Luna, “La vida.”
FGL receives butterfly case:
Alardo Prats, “Los artistas en el ambiente de nuestro tiempo,”
El Sol
(Madrid), December 15, 1934, in OC, III, 541.
FGL writes poetry:
Mario Hernández, introduction and notes to FGL,
Divan
, 71–74, 192; Anderson,
Lorca’s Late Poetry
, 67–87.
FGL talks about death:
Luna, “La vida.”
22. Sad Breeze in the Olive Groves: 1934
FGL returns to Spain:
“Movimiento del puerto. Día 11,”
La Vanguardia
(Barcelona), April 12, 1934; Salinas, “Federico García Lorca,” 7; Saenz de la Calzada, 147–50, 171–75; Moisés Pérez Coterillo, “En Galicia con E. Blanco-Amor, y al fondo … Lorca,”
Reseña 73
(March 1974), 18; Antonio Ramos Espejo, “En Valderrubio, Granada. La casa de Bernarda Alba,”
Triunfo
XXXIV, 6th ep., 4 (Madrid, February 1981), 62; Higuera Rojas, 26;
G, II
, 309–10; José María Moreiro, “Viaje a García Lorca. Reencuentro con sus personajes vivos,” Los domingos de
ABC
(Madrid), August 1, 1971, 23; Morla Lynch, 381; “Los españoles fuera de España,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, April 14, 1934, in OC, III, 530–34.
Political troubles, spring 1934:
“El tercer aniversario de la proclamación de la República,”
ABC
(Madrid), April 15, 1934, 39; Thomas, 113–16; Jackson, 53, 123–36, 159; Payne, 57–59; “Un mitin de la Juventud de Acción Popular,”
Defensor de Granada
, April 17, 1934, 1.
Right-wing press attacks Barraca:
Byrd, 67; “Teatro para el pueblo,”
La Nación
(Buenos Aires), January 28, 1934, Arts and Letters section, in OC, III, 496.
La Barraca stages puppet plays:
FGL,
Retablillo
, 17; Valentín de Pedro, “‘El guiñol que a Federico le regalaron en Buenos Aires,’ relato de María del Carmen García Lasgoity,”
¡Aquí Está!
X, 940, May 21, 1945, 3; Auclair, 21; Saenz de la Calzada, 105, 151–52; Alberti,
Federico García Lorca: Poeta y amigo
, 224.
Neruda arrives in Madrid:
E. Rodríguez Monegal,
El viajero inmóvil. Introducción a Pablo Neruda
(Buenos Aires: Losada, 1966), 80–82; Teitelboim, 146–59; Miguel García-Posada, “Malva Marina,”
ABC
(Madrid), July 12, 1984; author interview with Tomás Rodríguez Rapún; Saenz de la Calzada, 26–27; Morla Lynch, 386; “Ochenta años de Pablo Neruda,”
ABC
(Madrid), July 12, 1984, 55.
“punch concoctions”:
Rodrigo,
Memoria
, 283; see also Auclair, 260; author interview with José Caballero; José Caballero, “Recuerdos surrealistas con un perro andaluz,” in
El surrealismo
, ed. Antonio Bonet Correa (Madrid: Cátedra, 1983), 202–3; Saenz de la Calzada, 29.
“closer to death”:
FGL, “Presentación de Pablo Neruda en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de Madrid” (December 6, 1934), in OC, III, 249–50.
“the guiding spirit”:
Neruda,
Passions and Impressions
, 63.
“in the turbid waters”:
FE (Madrid), July 5, 1934, 11, cited in Gibson,
El asesinato
, 336—37.
“What’s more … of making things”:
Juan Chabás, “Vacaciones de La Barraca,”
Luz
(Madrid), September 3, 1934, in OC, III, 539; Juan Chabás, “Federico García Lorca y la tragedia,”
Luz
(Madrid), July 3, 1934, in OC, III, 53 5–37.
“Since I’ve got it all”:
EC
, 803.
FGL in Granada, summer 1934:
“García Lorca,”
Defensor de Granada
, July 22, 1934, 1; “D. Francisco Soriano de Lapresa,”
Defensor de Granada
, July 18, 1934, 3;
EC
, 802–3.
FGL writes
Divan at Tamarit:
Anderson,
>
Lorca’s Late Poetry
, 16–28; Mario Hernández, Notes to FGL,
Divan
, 158–70, 192–93; Emilio García Gómez, “Nota al
‘Divan del Tamarit,”’
in FGL,
Divan
, 53–58; Emilio García Gómez,
La Silla del moro y nuevas escenas andaluzas
(Madrid: Colección Austral Espasa Calpe, n.d.), 87–88; Mario Hernández, introduction to FGL,
Primeras canciones
, 13; C, I, 76–79, trans. FGL,
Deep Song
, 36–39. On FGL and the Huerta del Tamarit, see Andrés Soria,
García Lorca y Granada
47,
Topics of Our Andalucía
(Granada: Obra Cultural de la Caja de Ahorros de Granada, 1978), 4; author interview with Vicente López; Auclair, 307; Higuera Rojas, 104; Antonina Rodrigo, “La auténtica ‘Doña Rosita la soltera,’”
El País Semanal
(Madrid), August 17, 1980, 4; Peñón, 163.
The Divan at Tamarit:
All passages taken from OC, I, 591–614, trans. FGL,
Collected Poems
. On the links between FGL and Arab poets see Luis Cernuda, “Notas eludidas,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, November 26, 1931, 12.
Ignacio Sánchez Mejías dies:
“Ayer falleció Ignacio Sánchez Mejías,”
ABC
(Madrid), August 14, 1934, 27–29; Eduardo Palacio, “El porqué de la vuelta a los toros,”
ABC
(Madrid), August 14, 1934, 29;
FM
, 203; Antonio Garrigues, “Yo estaba allí,”
ABC Semanal
(Madrid), August 12, 1984, 13; Anderson,
Lorca’s Late Poetry
, 153–58;
ABC
(Madrid), August 15 and 16, 1934; “Sánchez Mejías ha muerto,”
El Cantábrico
(Santander), August 14, 1934, 4 (see also August 13–20, 1934); Saenz de la Calzada, 167; Auclair, 24–28, 257; author interview with María del Carmen Lasgoity.
“valiant”:
FGL, “Presentación de Ignacio Sánchez Mejías en Nueva York,” in OC, III, 199.
“Ignacio has just announced”:
Auclair, 21.
“through what minuscule chink mystery”:
Auclair, 29–30.
“elegy I never wanted”:
Manuscript copy of
Llanto por Ignacio Sánchez Mejías
, Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, Mss. N.A., 180.
FGL drafts
Lament:
Auclair, 31; Rafael Gómez, “El manuscrito del ‘Llanto,’”
ABC Semanal
(Madrid), August 12, 1984, 19; Mario Hernández, introduction to FGL,
Divan
, 104; Juan de Loxa, “Con José Caballero en Fuen-tevaqueros. Recordando a Federico,”
Federico García Lorca-]osé Caballero
, ed. María Fernanda Thomas de Carranza (Granada: Patronato Cultural Federico García Lorca, 1987), 32;
FM
, 203.
FGL and the bullfight:
Anderson,
Lorca’s Late Poetry
, 158–71; FGL,
Sun and Shadow
, trans. Kathleen Raine and R. M. Nadal (London: Enitharmon Press, 1972); author interview with José Caballero; Eutimio Martín, “La actitud de Lorca ante el tema de los toros a través de cuatro cartas a José María de Cossío,”
Insula
322 (September 1973), 3; C, II, 106; FGL,
Alocuciones argentinas
, 20–23; FGL, “Presentación de Ignacio Sánchez Mejías en Nueva York,” in OC, III, 199–200; Miguel García-Posada, “Nota,” in FGL,
Oda y burla
, 102; Giovanni Papini, “Coloquio con García Lorca (o de las corridas),”
El libro negro
, trans. Mario Verdaguer (Barcelona: Plaza y Janés, 1962).
Lament for Ignacio Sánchez Mejías:
All passages are taken from OC, I, 615–24, trans. FGL,
Collected Poems
.
“When I was composing”:
Vázquez Ocaña, 338.
“I was proud”:
Auclair, 31.
“dear friend Encarnación”:
OC, I, 616.
“A bull from the stable”:
José Caballero, “Recuerdos surrealistas con un perro andaluz,” in
El surrealismo
, ed. Antonio Bonet Correa (Madrid: Cátedra, 1983), 201.
“those who want to know him”:
Review by Miguel Pérez Ferrero,
Heraldo de Madrid
, May 9, 1935, 5.
“clear and strong … bad taste”:
Don Tertuliano, “Del momento. Llanto de Federico García Lorca, por la muerte de Ignacio Sánchez Mejías,”
La Provincia
(Huelva), May 14, 1935, 5.
“What I’ve written … other shore”:
Auclair, 32–33.
23. Revolution: 1934–1935
“last as long … upon sand”:
Silvio D’Amico, “Incontro con Federico García Lorca,” II
Dramma
(Turin), May 15, 1946 [1935], in OC, III, 572.
“enormous sense”:
Alardo Prats, “Los artistas en el ambiente de nuestro tiempo,”
El Sol
(Madrid), December 15, 1934, in OC, III, 542.
“I go on with my life”:
Alfredo Muñiz, “En los umbrales del estreno de Yerma,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, December 26, 1934, in
OC
, III, 548.
“profound movement”:
Miguel de Unamuno, “Hablemos de teatro,”
Ahora
(Madrid), September 19, 1934, 5.
“Come to Paris”:
Auclair, 258.
“The Congress invites”:
EC, 804. On Levi’s invitation to FGL, see Auclair, 258; Ezio Levi, “La Barraca di García Lorca,”
Scenario
3 (Milan, 1934), 528–30; and Juan Chabás, “Vacaciones de La Barraca,”
Luz
(Madrid), September 3, 1934, in OC, III, 539.
Political troubles, fall
1934: Thomas, 116–17; Jackson, 122, 143–47; Southworth, 3.
Asturian revolution:
Southworth, 7; Thomas, 117–28; Jackson, 161; Carlos Bauer, introduction to FGL,
The Public and Play without a Title
, xix; Peter Weyden,
The Passionate War
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983), 42; Jackson, 160; Preston, 29–30, 101–6.
“My God, why are these things”:
Luis Lacasa, “Recuerdo y trayectoria de Federico García Lorca,”
Literatura soviética
(Moscow, 1946), 42. Information on FGL’s fear of bullets comes from Vázquez Ocaña, 318, and author interview with Tomás Rodríguez Rapún.
“culminating moment” and “the liberation of Spain”:
Literatura y compromiso político en los años
30: Homenaje al poeta Juan Gil-Albert, exhibition catalogue (Diputación Provincial de Valencia, 1984), 34, 79.
“cruel poison”:
Moreno Villa, 208.
FGL’s response to Asturian revolution:
Saenz de la Calzada, 167; correspondence from Pujades to FGL (January 11, 1935), AFFGL; Frank Sedwick,
The Tragedy of Manuel Azaña and the Fate of the Spanish Republic
(Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1963), 136; Proel.
FGL encounters Primo de Rivera:
G, II
, 324–25. On Primo de Rivera see Thomas, 99–00, and Payne, 24–25. Others have recalled less dramatic encounters between FGL and Primo de Rivera at tertulias and football games (see Gabriel Celaya, “Rec
ordando a García Lorca,
El Pais
[Madrid], June 10, 1976, and Margarita Saenz de la Calzada,
La Residencia de Estudiantes
. 1910–1936 [Madrid: CSIC, 1986], 76).
Neruda’s daughter:
Teitelboim, 168–72; OC, I, 643.
“at all hours”:
Proel. On FGL’s typical behavior, see Mariano Tudela,
Aquellas tertulias de Madrid
(Madrid: Avapiés, 1984), 90, 105; “Tertulias literarias,”
Almanaque Literario
(Madrid, 1935), 181; Saenz de la Calzada, 177; Altolaguirre,
Obras completas
I, 241; Moreno Villa, 148–49; Martínez Nadal,
The Public
, 11; Cernuda, “Federico García Lorca,” 16; author interview with José Caballero.
“an irresistible urge”:
“Llegó anoche Federico García Lorca,”
La Nación
(Buenos Aires), October 14, 1933, in OC, III, 442.
“is most important”:
“Un reportaje. El poeta que ha estilizado los romances de plazuela,”
El Debate
(Madrid), October 1, 1933, in OC, III, 430.
“institution … climate”:
Salinas, “Federico García Lorca,” 7.
“celestial court”:
José Caballero, “Recuerdos surrealistas con un perro andaluz,” in
El surrealismo
, ed. Antonio Bonet Correa (Madrid: Cátedra, 1983), 199; author interview with José Caballero. On FGL’s need to be surrounded by friends, see Maria Teresa León,
Memoria de la melancolía
(Barcelona: Laia-Picazo, 1977), 198.
“big, square, majestic head”:
Luis Rosales, “Evocación de Federico,”
Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos
475 (January 1990), 34. On his appearance in general see Gil-Albert, 181–82; Ontañón, Ernesto Guerra da Cal, “Federico García Lorca en el recuerdo,”
Punto y coma
11 (Madrid[?], winter 1988–89), 49–59.
FGL’s drinking and smoking habits:
Author interviews with Vicente López and Bernardo Olmedo; Molina Fajardo, 93; Martínez Nadal,
The Public
, 14; Auclair, 169, 237; “Protector of
The Public,”
Rafael Martínez Nadal interview with Nicholas de Jongh,
The Guardian
, international edition, October 3, 1988, 14, 20.
“synonym for joy”:
Gil-Albert, 181. On FGL’s mood swings, see Peñón, 178, 185.
“renewed impetus … intolerable”:
Ernesto Guerra da Cal, “Federico García Lorca en el recuerdo,”
Punto y coma
11 (Madrid[?], winter 1988–89), 55.
“No, I’ve got a cold”:
Teitelboim, 198.
FGL’s compartmentalized life:
Author inter view with José Caballero; author interview with Santiago Ontañón; Luna, “La vida de García Lorca”;
Lorca Page 81