21. SW, Annual Report (1883), pp. 45–46.
Like Frontiersmen in Blue, this work assumes that printed original sources and monographic literature were together adequate to support a history such as I envisioned. Certain portions of the text, however, rest in large part on manuscript sources. These documents are principally in the William T. Sherman and Philip H. Sheridan Papers in the Library of Congress and in official records in the National Archives and Record Service, Washington, D.C., in Record Groups 75 (Bureau of Indian Affairs), 94 (Adjutant General’s Office), 98 (U.S. Army Commands), and 107 (Secretary of War). I have also carefully examined the files of the Army and Navy Journal, 1866–1885.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
U.S. Army. Regulations of the Army of the United States and General Orders in Force on the 17th of February 1881. Washington, D.C., 1881.
U.S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annual Reports, 1866–91. Also in U.S. Serials as follows:
1866: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2 (Serial 1284).
1867: ” ” ” ” ”, 40th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3 (Serial 1326).
1868: ” ” ” ” ”, 40th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 2 (Serial 1366).
1869: ” ” ” ” ”, 41th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3 (Serial 1414).
1870: ” ” ” ” ”, Pt. 1, 41st Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 4 (Serial 1449).
1871: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 1, 42d Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3 (Serial 1505).
1872: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 1, 42d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 3 (Serial 1560).
1873: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 4 (Serial 1601).
1874: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 43d Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 6 (Serial 1639).
1875: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 4, Pt. 1 (Serial 1680).
1876: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 44th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 4, Pt. 1 Serial 1749).
1877: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 8 (Serial 1800).
1878: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 45th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 9, Pt. 1 (Serial 1850).
1879: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 46th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 9, Pt. 1 (Serial 1910).
1880: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 46th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 9, Pt. 1 (Serial 1959).
1881: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 47th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 10 (Serial 2018).
1882: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 47th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 11, Pt. 1 (Serial 2100).
1883: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 48th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 11, Pt. 1 (Serial 2191).
1884: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 48th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 12, Pt. 1 (Serial 2287).
1885: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 49th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12 (Serial 2379).
1886: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 49th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 8 (Serial 2467).
1887: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 50th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 11 (Serial 2542).
1888: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 50th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 11 (Serial 2637).
1889: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 51st Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12 (Serial 2725).
1890: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 51st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 12 (Serial 2841).
1891: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 5, 52d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 15 (Serial 2934).
U.S. Congress. Congressional Globe, 39th–42nd Cong.
(1866–73).
Congressional Record, 43d–51st Cong.
(1873–91).
U.S. Congress. House of Representatives.
House Ex. Doc. No. 113, 39th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12, 1866, Serial 1263. Organization of the Army.
House Ex. Doc. No. 20, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 6, 1866, Serial 1288. Inspection of military posts.
House Ex. Doc. No. 23, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 6, 1866, Serial 1288. Protection across the continent.
House Ex. Doc. No. 45, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1866, Serial 1289. Inspection by Generals Rusling and Hazen.
House Ex. Doc., No. 71, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 11, 1866, Serial 1293. Massacre of troops near Fort Phil Kearny.
House Ex. Doc. No. 88, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 11, 1866, Serial 1293. Commissioners to Indian tribes.
House Ex. Doc. No. 111, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 11, 1866, Serial 1293. General Ingalls’ inspection report.
House Ex. Doc. No. 97, 40th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 11, 1867, Serial 1337. Report of Indian peace commissioners.
House Ex. Doc. No. 239, 40th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 15, 1867, Serial 1341. Subsistence of Indian tribes.
House Report No. 33, 40th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1, 1868, Serial 1388. Army organization.
House Miscellaneous Document No. 35, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3, 1869, Serial 1433. Management of Indians in British North America.
House Misc. Doc. No. 95, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3, 1869, Serial 1433. Cavalry for New Mexico.
House Misc. Doc. No. 139, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3, 1869, Serial 1433. Outrages committed by Indians.
House Misc. Doc. No. 142, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3, 1869, Serial 1433. Indian depredations in Texas.
House Ex. Doc. No. 146, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1869, Serial 1418. Indian affairs in Oregon.
House Ex. Doc. No. 158, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1869, Serial 1418. Number of Indians in various tribes.
House Ex. Doc. No. 185, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1869, Serial 1418. Expedition against Piegan Indians.
House Ex. Doc. No. 197, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1869, Serial 1418. Expedition against Piegan Indians.
House Ex. Doc. No. 228, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1870, Serial 1418. Sites of military posts in Texas.
House Ex. Doc. No. 240, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 7, 1870, Serial 1418. Difficulties with Indian tribes.
House Ex. Doc. No. 201, 42d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 9, 1873, Serial 1567. Difficulties with Modoc Indians.
House Report No. 74, 42d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1, 1872, Serial 1576. Army and staff organization.
House Report No. 85, 42d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1, 1872, Serial 1576. Revised army regulations.
House Report No. 87, 42d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1, 1872, Serial 1576. Expenditures in the War Department.
House Ex. Doc. No. 80, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 9, 1874, Serial 1607. Apache Indians in Arizona and New Mexico.
House Ex. Doc. No. 108, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 9, 1874, Serial 1607. Intercourse with Indian tribes.
House Ex. Doc. No. 122, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 9, 1874, Serial 1607. Modoc War.
House Ex. Doc. No. 185, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12, 1874, Serial 1610. Cost of Modoc War.
House Misc. Doc. No. 151, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 3, 1874, Serial 1619. Protection of citizens of Montana.
House Ex. Doc. No. 275, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 17, 1874, Serial 1624. Reduction of the military establishment.
House Report No. 395, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 2, 1874, Serial 1624. Depredations on the Texas frontier.
House Ex. Doc. No. 131, 43d Cong., 2d Sess., 1874, Serial 1648. Expenses of the Modoc War.
House Ex. Doc. No. 96, 43d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 8, 1874, Serial 1566. Teton Sioux Indians.
House Ex. Doc. No. 103, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12, 1875, Serial 1689. Supplies for Indians at Red Cloud Agency.
House Ex. Doc. No. 135, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12, 1875, Serial 1689. War Department jurisdiction over Alaska.
House Ex. Doc. No. 145, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 12, 1875, Serial 1689. Sioux Indians.
House Ex. Doc. No. 184, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 14, 1876, Serial 1691. Expedition against the Sioux Indians.
House Report No. 240, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1, 1876, Serial 1708. Transfer of Indian Bureau.
House Report No. 354, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 2, 1876, Serial 1760. Reduction of officers’ pay, reorganization of the Army, and transfer of the Indian Bureau.
House Ex. Doc. No. 13, 45th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1, 1877, Serial 1773. Mexican Border troubles.
House Misc. Doc. No. 56, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 4, 1877, Seri
al 1818. Reorganization of the Army.
House Misc. Doc. No. 64, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 6, 1878, Serial 1820. Texas border troubles.
House Report No. 701, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3, 1878, Serial 1824. U.S. Relations with Mexico.
House Report No. 241, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1, 1878, Serial 1822. Transfer of Indian Bureau to War Department.
House Ex. Doc. No. 83, 46th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 24, 1879, Serial 1925. Ute Commission.
House Misc. Doc. No. 38, 46th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 4, 1880, Serial 1931. Ute Indian outbreak.
House Report No. 1084, 63d Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3, 1913, Serial 6560. Pensions for Indian War veterans. Contains “Historical Resume of Certain Indian Campaigns,” by Capt. S. V. B. Schindel.
U.S. Congress. Senate.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 41, 39th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 2, 1866, Serial 1238. Brevet appointments in the Army.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 15, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1867, Serial 1277. Fort Phil Kearny massacre.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 16, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1867, Serial 1277. Fort Phil Kearny massacre.
Senate Report No. 156, 39th Cong., 2d sess., 1867, Serial 1279. Condition of the Indian Tribes.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 2, 40th Cong., 1st sess., 1867, Serial 1308. Protection to trains on the Overland Route.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 13, 40th Cong., 1st sess., 1867, Serial 1308. Indian hostilities.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 7, 40th Cong., 1st sess., 1867, Serial 1308. Expeditions against the Indians.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 7, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1868, Serial 1360. Troops protecting the Missouri River and Union Pacific Railroad.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 11, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1868, Serial 1360. Report of General Harney on Sioux of Upper Missouri.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 13, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1869, Serial 1360. Battle of the Washita.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 18, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1869, Serial 1360. Battle of the Washita.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 27, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1869, Serial 1360. Brevet rank.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 36, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1869, Serial 1360. Indians killed by General Custer.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 40, 40th Cong., 3d sess., 1869, Serial 1360. Indian affairs in Military Division of the Missouri.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 5, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1, 1869, Serial 1405. Disbursement for Indian tribes.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 49, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1870, Serial 1406. Engagement of Colonel Baker with Piegan Indians.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 67, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1870, Serial 1406. Bombardment of Indian village of Wrangel, Alaska.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 68, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1870, Serial 1406. Wrangel, Alaska, previous to bombardment.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 84, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1870, Serial 1406. Indians of southeastern Oregon.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 89, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1870, Serial 1406. Encroachments on Indians in Wyoming.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 29, 42d Cong., 3d sess., 1873, Serial 1545. Modoc and other Indian tribes.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 46, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 2, 1874, Serial 1581. Depredations of Indians in Montana.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 2, 43d Cong., sp. sess., 1874, Serial 1629. Invasion of the Black Hills.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 9, 43d Cong., 2d sess., 1875, Serial 1629. Promotion in the staff corps.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 22, 43d Cong., 2d sess., 1875, Serial 1629. Indians killed by U.S. troops.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 1, 44th Cong., sp. sess., 1877, Serial 1719. Operations of troops in Modoc country.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 14, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1, 1878, Serial 1780. Cost of the Nez Percé War.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 19, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1, 1878, Serial 1780. Claims of Texas.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 33, Pts. 1 and 2, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1, 1878, Serial 1780. Cost of the Sioux War.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 47, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1878, Serial 1781. Company cooks in the Army.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 62, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1878, Serial 1781. Certificates of merit in the military service.
Senate Report No. 555, 45th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1, 1879, Serial 1837. Burnside Report on reorganization of the Army.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 29, 46th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1, 1880, Serial 1882. Mining camps on the Ute Reservation.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 31, 46th Cong., 2d sess., 1880, Serial 1882. Ute Indians in Colorado.
Senate Report No. 740, 46th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1, 1881, Serial 1948. Relief of General Ord.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 97, 49th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1887, Serial 2448. Massacre of troops near Fort Phil Kearny.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 117, 49th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, 1887, Serial 2449. Surrender of Geronimo.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 33, 50th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1, 1888, Serial 2504. Indian operations on the Plains; defense of Colonel Carrington.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 83, 51st Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 9, 1890, Serial 2686. Treatment of Apache Indians.
Senate Ex. Doc. No. 88, 51st Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 9, 1890, Serial 2686. Apache Indians.
U.S. Secretary of War. Annual Reports, 1866–91:
1866: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, 39th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 3 (Serial 1285).
1867: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, 40th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, Pts. 1 and 2 (Serial 1324 and 1325).
1868: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, 40th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 3 (Serial 1367).
1869: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 41st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Serial 1412).
1870: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 41st Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Serial 1446).
1871: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 42d Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Serial 1503).
1872: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 42d Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Serial 1558).
1873: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 43d Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Serial 1597).
1874: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 43d Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 1635).
1875: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 44th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 1674).
1876: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 44th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2, Pt. 1 (Serial 1742).
1877: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 45th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 2 (Serial 1794).
1878: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 45th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 1843).
1879: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 46th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 1903).
1880; House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 46th Cong., 3d sess., Vol. 2 (Serial 1952).
1881: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 47th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 2 (Serial 2010).
1882: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 47th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2091).
1883: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 48th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2182).
1884: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 48th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2136).
1885: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 49th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2369).
1886: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 49th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2461).
1887: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 50th Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2533).
1888: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 50th Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2628).
1889: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 51st Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2715).
1890: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 51st Cong., 2d sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2831).
1891: House Ex. Doc. No. 1, Pt. 2, 52nd Cong., 1st sess., Vol. 1 (Serial 2921).
U.S. Statutes at Large, Vols. 14–26 (1866–91).
ARTICLES
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———. “Nelson A. Miles and the Sioux War of 1876–77. Westerners Brand Book (Chicago), 16 (1959), 25–27, 32.
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Athearn, Robert G., ed. “A Winter Campaign against the Sioux.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 55 (1948–49), 272–84.
———. “Major Hough’s March into Southern Ute Country, 1879.” Colorado Magazine, 25 (1948), 97–109.
Baird, G. W. “General Miles’s Indian Campaigns.” Century Magazine, 42 (1891), 351–70.
Ball, Eve. “The Apache Scouts: A Chiricahua Appraisal.” Arizona and the West, 7 (1965), 315–28.
Barnes, Will C. “The Apaches’ Last Stand in Arizona: The Battle of Big Dry Wash.” Arizona Historical Review, 3 (1931), 36–59.
Beaumont, E. B. “Over the Border with Mackenzie.” United Service, 12 (1885), 281–88.
Bloom, Lansing B., ed. “Bourke on the Southwest.” New Mexico Historical Review, 8 (1933), 1–30; 9 (1934), 33–77. 159–83 273–89. 375–437; 10 (1935), 1–35, 271–322; 11 (1936), 77–122, 188–207, 217–82; 12 (1937), 41–77. 337–52; 13 (1938). 192–238.
Bourke, John G. “General Crook in the Indian Country.” Century Magazine, 41 (1891), 643–60.
———. “Mackenzie’s Last Fight with the Cheyennes: A Winter Campaign in Wyoming and Montana.” Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States, 11 (1890), reprint, Bellevue, Neb., 1970.
Boylan, Bernard L. “The Forty-Fifth Congress and Army Reform.” Mid-America, 61 (1959), 173–86
Braden, Charles. “The Yellowstone Expedition of 1873.” Journal of the Military Service Institution of the United States, 16 (1905), 218–41.
Briggs, Harold E. “The Black Hills Gold Rush.” North Dakota Historical Quarterly, 5 (1930–31), 71–99.
Brimlow, George F., ed. “Two Cavalrymen’s Diaries of the Bannock War, 1878.” Oregon Historical Quarterly, 68 (1967), 221–58, 293–316.
Brinckerhoff, Sidney B. “Camp Date Creek, Arizona Territory, Infantry Outpost in the Yavapai Wars, 1867–73.” Smoke Signal (Tucson Westerners), No. 10 (Fall 1964).
———. “Frontier Soldiers in Arizona.” Journal of Arizona History, 12 (1971), 168–82.
———, and Pierce Chamberlain. “The Army’s Search for a Repeating Rifle, 1873–1903.” Military Affairs, 32 (1968), 20–30.
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