Wallace, Ernest. Ranald S. Mackenzie on the Texas Frontier. Lubbock, Tex., 1965.
———, ed. Ranald S. Mackenzie’s Official Correspondence Relating to Texas, 1871–1873. Lubbock, Tex., 1967.
———.Ranald S. Mackenzie’s Official Correspondence Relating to Texas, 1873–1879. Lubbock, Tex., 1968.
Weigley, Russell F. History of the United States Army. New York, 1967.
———.Towards an American Army: Military Thought from Washington to Marshall. New York and London, 1962.
Wellman, Paul. Death on Horseback: Seventy Years of War for the American West. Philadelphia, Pa., 1947.
Welsh, Herbert. The Apache Prisoners at Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida. Indian Rights Association, 1887.
Wheeler, Homer W. Buffalo Days: Forty Years in the Old West. New York and Chicago, 1923.
White, Leonard D. The Republican Era, 1869–1901: A Study in Administrative History. New York, 1958.
Whitman, S. E. The Troopers: An Informal History of the Plains Cavalry. New York, 1962.
Whittaker, Frederick. Complete Life of Gen. George A. Custer. New York, 1876.
Wissler, Clark. Indian Cavalcade, or Life on the Old-Time Indian Reservations. New York, 1938.
Young, Otis E. The West of Philip St. George Cooke, 1809–1895. Glendale, Calif., 1955.
INDEX
Index
Absaroka Range (Mont.-Wyo.), 310
Adams, Charles, 338–42
Adjutant General, 23, 30, 36 n9, 39 n57
Adjutant General’s Department, 11, 32, 62
Adobe Walls (Tex.). See Battles
Alabama (State), 390
Alaska (Territory), 59, 175, 181–3, 302
Alaska Peninsula, 182
Albuquerque, N.M., 174, 379
Alcatraz Island (Calif.), 186 n35, 373, 382, 385
Alderdice, Mrs. Susanna, 157
Aleut Indians, 182
Alexander Archipeligo (Alaska), 181
Allison, Sen. William B., 245–6, 272
American Historical Association, 410
American Horse (Sioux), 271
Anadarko Agency (Okla.), 221, 223, 225
Anderson, Maj. Thomas M., 234 n10
Andrews, Col. George, 27, 41 n89
Angel Island (Calif.), 186 n35
Antelope Hills (Okla.), 149
Apache Indians, 4, 5, 14, 26, 35, 50, 54, 400; characterized by Crook, 371; described, 172; organization, 184 n12, 191; on reservations, 215 n13, 296; wars with, 169–74, 192–8, 344–65, 370–93, 397. See also specific Apache tribes
Apache-Mojave Indians, 184 n12, 370. See also Yavapai Indians
Apache Pass (Ariz.), 170, 185 n28, 383
Apache-Tonto Indians, 188 n12. See also Yavapai Indians
Apache-Yuma Indians, 184 n12, 370. See also Yavapai Indians
Arapaho Indians, 5, 95, 97–8, 100 passim, 114 passim, 133, 137–9, 143 passim, 207, 221 passim, 275, 344
Aravaipa Apache Indians, 184 n12, 192, 194, 357, 370. See also Apache Indians; Western Apache Indians
Arikara Fork of Republican River (Colo.-Kan.), 148, 157
Arikara Indians, 50, 122
Arizona (Territory), 2, 4, 14, 26, 54, 90, 163, 175, 177, 180, 183, 245, 248, 244–5; Apache warfare in, 192–8, 356 passim, 370–93; citizen view of army, 173; defense system, 170–1; described, 171–2; logistics in, 172; Sherman on, 172
Arizona Volunteers, 171
Arkansas River (Colo.-Kan.-Okla.), 2, 3, 93, 98, 114, 115, 118–20, 131, 133, 137, 143–8, 157, 164
Arkansas Route, 4, 94
Army. See U.S. Army
Army and Navy Journal, 20, 44, 65, 66, 71, 204, 292 n16
Army Regulations, 29, 63
Arnold, Lt. Wilbur F., 109 n25
Aros River (Mex.), 384, 389
Arthur, Pres. Chester A., 382
Articles of War, 63, 84, 85
Artillery, 11, 15–6, 24, 36 n8, 149, 183, 223, 230; described, 72–3; at Hayfield Fight, 124; in Modoc War, 201, 204; in Nez Percé War, 302–3, 311, 313, 354; in Sioux War of 1876, 252, 258, 273–4, 276–7; at Soldier Spring, 154; at Wagon Box Fight, 129; at Wounded Knee, 406–7
Artillery School, 44
Assinniboine Indians, 274, 285
Augur, Gen. Christopher C., 19, 34, 35, 106, 113–4, 120–3, 132–8, 148, 156, 209, 219–20, 241, 346, 411 n7
Austin, Tex., 166, 168
Babcock, Lt. Col. Orville E., 125 n4
Bad Route Creek (Mont.), 274
Baird, Lt. George W., 280, 313
Baja California (Mex.), 172
Baker, Maj. Eugene M., xiv, 191
Baldwin, Lt. Frank D., 226–7, 274
Ball, Capt. Edward, 279
Bands (military), 88
Banning, Rep. Henry B., 19, 61 passim, 398
Bannock Indians, 4, 5, 275, 308, 330–1, 332, 400; war with, 322–9, 397
Barncho (Modoc), 217 n42
Battles: Adobe Walls (Tex.), 213, 221; Bear Paw Mountain (Mont.), 285, 312–7; Beaver Creek (Kan.), 120, 149, 160 n21; Beechers Island (Colo.), 53, 147–8; Big Dry Wash (Ariz.), 376–7; Big Hole (Mont.), 16, 24, 50, 306–7, 316, 318; Birch Creek (Oreg.), 326–7; Camas Meadows (Ida.), 308–9, 318, 320 n12; Canyon Creek (Mont.), 310–11, 319; Cedar Springs (Ariz.), 375; Cibicu (Ariz.), 54, 372–4, 376, 377, 402; Clearwater (Ida.), 303–5, 306, 317; Dove Creek (Tex.), 166; Drexel Mission (S.D.), 408; Fetterman Disaster, 104–7, 109 n31, 111–5, 123, 189; Hat Creek (Neb.). See War Bonnet Creek; Hayfield Fight (Mont.), 71, 124, 128 n41; Hem-brillo Canyon (N.M.), 361–2; Horseshoe Canyon (N.M.), 375; Lava Beds (Calif.), 201–4; Little Bighorn (Mont.), 16, 17, 24, 25, 61, 67 n11, 70, 72, 116, 206, 258–62, 267, 271, 275, 281, 289, 291 n9, 398; Lost River (Calif.), 200–1; Lost Valley (Tex.), 213; McClellan Creek (Tex.), 212, 225; Marias (Mont.), xiv, 191; Milk Creek (Colo.), 336–8, 341; Muddy Creek (Mont.), 280, 281, 311; Palo Duro Canyon (Tex.), 226; Powder River (Mont.), 249–51, 262; Rattlesnake Springs (Tex.), 363; Remolino (Mex.), 347–50; Rosebud (Mont.), 255–6, 262, 275; Sand Creek (Colo.), 97, 111, 113, 114, 150, 152, 408; Sappa Creek (Kan.), 230; Silver Creek (Oreg.), 325, 327; Skull Cave (Ariz.), 197; Slim Buttes (S.D.), 270–1; Soldier Spring (Okla.), 154, 156, 158; Summit Springs (Colo.), 156–7; Thomas Disaster (Calif.), 204; Tinaja de las Palmas (Tex.), 363; Tres Castillos (Mex.), 364; Turret Peak (Ariz.), 197; Vinegar Hill (Ida.), 330–1; Wagon Box (Mont.), 71, 124–5, 129 n42; War Bonnet Creek (Neb.), 268; Washita (Okla.), 70, 150–3, 154, 156, 157, 409; White Bird Canyon (Ida.), 300–2, 305, 306; Wolf Mountains (Mont.), 276–7, 278; Wounded Knee Creek (S.D.), xiii, 25, 41 n79, 51 406–8, 412 n17.
Bavispe River (Mex.), 379, 389–90
Beal, Merrill, 316
Bear Butte (S.D.), 244
Bear Paw Mountain (Mont.). See Battles
Bear River (Colo.), 336
Beaumont, Col. Eugene B., 349
Beauregard, Gen. P.G.T., 61
Beauvais, G.P., 126 n12
Beaver Creek (Kan.). See Battles
Beaver Creek (Mont.-N.D.), 287
Beecher, Lt. Frederick, 148
Beechers Island (Colo.). See Battles
Beede, Cyrus, 207
Belknap, Sec. War William W., 74, 193, 213, 229, 247–8, 346; impeachment, 30, 42 n93, 252, 292 n16; and Sherman, 30
Belle Fourche River (S.D.), 276
Benito (Apache), 369, 378–80
Benteen, Capt. Frederick W., 258–61
Benzine Boards, 15
Bering Sea, 182
Bernard, Capt. Reuben F., 173–4, 201–2, 324–9, 330–2
Biddle, Ellen McG., xiii
Biddle, Maj. James, 228, 375
Biddle, Lt. Jonathan W., 313
Big Bow (Kiowa), 209, 228
Big Creek (Ida.), 330, 331
Big Dry Wash (Ariz.). See Battles
Big Foot (Sioux), 404–7
Big Head (Cheyenne), 162 n37
Big Hole (Mont.). See Battles
Big Piney Creek (Wyo.), 104–5
Big Red Food (Comanche), 2
21
Big Road (Sioux), 284, 408
Big Tree (Kiowa), 209–12, 224
Bighorn Mountains (Wyo.), 95, 100, 242, 275
Bighorn River (Wyo.-Mont.), 100, 123, 137, 236 passim, 267, 281, 400
Bill Williams River (Ariz.), 184 n12
Billings, Mont., 310
Bingham, Lt. Horatio S., 103–4, 109 n25
Birch Creek (Ida.), 308
Birch Creek (Oreg.). See Battles Bisbee, Lt. William H., 102, 109 nig Bismarck, N.D., 242, 267
Bison. See Buffalo Bitterroot Mountains (Ida.), 305–6
Bitterroot Valley (Ida.), 306, 313, 316
Black Hills (S.D.), 243–7, 253, 270, 272, 278, 282
Black Horse (Cheyenne), 230
Black Horse (Comanche), 233
Black Jim (Modoc), 217 n42
Black Kettle (Cheyenne), 97, 115, 140 n16, 143, 150–2, 155
Black Moon (Sioux), 237, 254, 284
Black Range (N.M.), 362, 365
Black River (Ariz.), 381
Black Twin (Sioux), 237
Black soldiers. See Negro soldiers
Blackfeet Indians, 4, 120, 285
Blackfoot Sioux Indians, 95, 122, 136, 236–7, 254. See also Sioux Indians; Teton Sioux Indians
Blanca Cita Canyon (Tex.), 226
Blanco Canyon (Tex.), 225
Bloody Tanks Massacre (Ariz.), 185 n28
Blue Mountains (Oreg.), 297, 326
Board of Indian Commissioners, 46, 190, 193, 214 n4, 370
Bogus Charley (Modoc), 204–5
Bogy, Com. of Ind. Affairs L. V., 112, 126 n7, 131, 139 n5
Boise, Ida., 318, 323–4, 327
Boise Barracks, Ida. See Fort Boise
Boise River (Ida.), 179
Bosque Redondo Reservation (N.M.), 169, 174
Boston Charley (Modoc), 217 n42
Bourke, Capt. John G., xiii, 83, 197, 270
Bowie, Ariz., 389
Box, James, 127 n18
Boyd, Mrs. Orsemus B., xiii
Bozeman, John M., 120
Bozeman, Mont., 95
Bozeman Pass (Mont.), 121, 252
Bozeman Trail (Wyo.-Mont.), 81, 95, 97, 144, 236, 243, 249, 253, 275; abandoned, 134–6; hostilities of 1866, 98–107, 118, 120; hostilities of 1867, 123–5
Braden, Lt. Charles, 243
Bradley Lt. James H., 261, 307
Bradley, Lt. Col. Luther P., 123–4, 128 n41, 148, 282
Bragg, Rep. Edward S., 61
Brave Wolf (Cheyenne), 280
Brazos River (Tex.), 220, 234 n10
Brevet rank (in army), 13, 20–1, 37 n3
Bridger, James, 99
Brisbin, Maj. James, 252, 257–8, 269–70, 281
British Columbia (Canadian province), 182
British possessions. See Canada
Brooke, Gen. John R., 403–4, 406–8, 411 n7, 412 n13
Brotherton, Maj. David H., 288
Brown, Capt. Frederick H., 102, 103, 105
Brown, Mark, 316
Brown, Lt. William C., 330–2
Brown, Capt. William H., 197
Browning, Sec. Interior Orville H., 108 n15, 112, 113, 131, 139 n5
Brughier, John, 279
Brulé, Sioux Indians, 95, 132, 135, 160 n10, 236–7, 254, 282; in Ghost Dance, 403 passim; on southern Plains, 97, 115, 143; in war of 1866, 99 passim. See also Sioux Indians; Teton Sioux Indians
Buell, Col. George P., 220 passim, 363–4
Buffalo, 3, 5, 122, 213, 285, 410, 412 n20
Buffalo Horn (Bannock), 322, 324, 325
Buffalo Springs, Tex., 167
Buford, Napoleon B., 109 n28, 126 n12, 130, 131
Bull Bear (Cheyenne), 140 n16, 148, 157, 229
Bull Eagle (Sioux), 273
Bullis, Lt. John L., 345, 347, 350, 352–5, 360
Bureau of Indian Affairs. See U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs
Bureau of Military Justice. See Judge Advocate General’s Department
Burns, Capt. James, 197
Burnside, Sen. Ambrose E., 64–4, 398
Butler, Rep. Benjamin, 141 n23
Byrne, Capt. Thomas, 19
Calhoun, Sec. War John C., 12
California (State), 2, 3, 10, 14, 95, 169, 170, 172, 175, 178, 179, 192; Modoc War, 198–207
California Volunteers, 168–9, 171, 202
Camas Meadows (Ida.). See Battles
Camas Prairie (Ida.), in Bannock War, 323–5; in Nez Percé War, 299–300, 302–3
Cameron, Sec. War James D., 62–3, 299, 398
Camps: Alvord, Oreg., 177; Anderson, Calif., 186 n35; Brown, Wyo., 328. See also Fort Washakie: C. F. Smith, Oreg., 177, 180; Cameron, Ariz., 185 n14; Colorado, Ariz., 185 n14; Cooke, Mont., 94, 121; Crittenden, Ariz., 170; Date Creek, Ariz., 182 n14, 194; Douglas, Utah, 47, 323; El Dorado, Ariz., 185 n14; Goodwin, Ariz., 170, 371, 374–5; Grant, Ariz., 170, 192–3, 194, 196, 357; Howard, Ida., 330; Huachuca, Ariz., 358; Hualpai, Ariz., 185 n14; Independence, Calif., 177; Jaqua, Calif., 186 n35; Lincoln, Ariz., 170; Lincoln, Calif., 186 n35; Logan, Oreg., 177; Lyon, Ida., 177, 180; McGarry, Nev., 177; Mason, Ariz., 185 n14; Reno, Ariz., 185 n14; Robinson, Neb., 240, 245, 272, 283–4, 279, 290, 403; Sheridan, Neb., 240, 281; Stambaugh, Wyo., 241; Supply, Okla., 27, 150, 152, 155–6, 159, 207, 224, 228, 231, 232, 283; Thomas, Ariz., 358, 374, 376; Three Forks Owyhee, Ida., 177; Verde, Ariz., 170, 194, 196–7, 357, 376; Wallen, Ariz., 170; Warner, Oreg., 177, 180, 199, 201; Watson, Oreg., 177; Willow Grove, Ariz., 185 n12; Winfield Scott, Nev., 177. See also Forts
Canada, 1, 56, 93; Sioux in, 278, 284–8, 290, 305, 311, 313, 314, 328
Cañada Alamosa Reservation (N.M.), 194
Canadian River (N.M.-Tex.-Okla.), 144, 149, 153–5, 158, 220 passim
Canby, Gen. Edward R. S., 34, 296; characterized, 198; death, 198, 203, 206, 212; in Modoc War, 198 passim
Candalaria Mountains (Mex.), 360, 364
Cannonball River (N.D.), 122
Cañon de los Embudos, Mex., 385
Canteens, 87
Canyon Creek (Mont.). See Battles
Capitan Mountains (N.M.), 169
Capote Ute Indians, 332, 341. See also Ute Indians
Captain Jack (Modoc), 199 passim,, 206, 217 n42, 229
Carbines, 70
Card, Maj. Benjamin. 293 n21
Carleton, Gen. James H., 168–70, 172, 174, 179, 185 n28
Carlisle Indian School, Pa., 233
Carpenter, Capt. Louis H., 148, 160 1121
Carr, Gen. Eugene A., 25, 160 n21, 405, 409; Apache outbreak of 1881, 371–4, 402; characterized, 156; plains campaign of 1868–69, 149, 154, 156–8; Sioux War of 1876, 268–9, 363; at Summit Springs, 156–8
Carrington, Frances, 107 n8
Carrington, Col. Henry B., 98–107, 112, 124, 294 n34
Carrington, Margaret, 107 n8
Carrizal, Mex., 360
Carroll, Maj. Henry, 361
Carson, Col. Christopher, 145, 168, 332
Carter, Capt. Robert G., xiii, 346–7, 349
Carter, Gen. William H., xiii
Cascade Mountains (Oreg.-Wash.), 178
Castillo de San Marcos, Fla., 233. See also Fort Marion
Catley, Lt. Henry, 330–2
Cavalry: army act of 1866, 11; army act of 1869, 16; endurance of horses, 49; increase in 1876, 67 n11, 267; v. infantry, 49, 289; organization, 36 n8; recruiting, 24; uniforms and equipment, 74–77; weapons, 70–1
Cayuse Indians, 326
Cedar Creek (Mont.), 273
Cedar Springs (Ariz.). See Battles
Central Pacific Railroad, 3, 177
Central Superintendency of Indian Affairs, 190, 207
Certificate of Merit, 40 n64
Chaffee, Gen. Adna R., 18, 223, 370, 376–7, 379, 390, 399
Chalipun (Apache), 197
Chambers, Maj. Alexander, 253, 268
Chandler, Sec. Int. Zachariah, 247–8
Chapman, Amos, 224
Charcoal Bear (Cheyenne), 254
Chato (Apache), 369, 375, 378
–82
Chemehuevi Indians, 184 n12
Cherry, Lt. Samuel A., 336
Cherry Creek (Ariz.), 376
Cheyenne, Wyo., 335
Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency and Reservation (I.T.), 207, 221, 224, 228, 230, 272, 283
Cheyenne Indians, 5, 95, 97, 130, 131, 160 n10, 287; in Bozeman Trail warfare, 98–107, 123–5; and Hancock campaign of 1867, 114 passim; and Medicine Lodge treaties, 133; in plains warfare in 1868–69, 137–8, 142 passim, 189; in Red River War, 221 passim; on reservation, 207, 213; in Sioux War of 1876, 246 passim, 268, 275 passim. See also Northern Cheyenne Indians; Southern Cheyenne Indians; Dog Soldiers
Cheyenne River (S.D.), 268, 404–5
Cheyenne River Agency and Reservation (S.D.), 237–40, 274, 278, 279, 404
Chicago, 111., 33, 138, 145
Chicago Times, 289
Chickasaw Indians, 137, 159
Chief of Engineers, 36 n9
Chief of Ordnance, 36 n9
Chief Joseph (Nez Percé), 285, 289, 297–309, 399
Chief Signal Officer, 12, 36 n9
Chihuahua (Apache), 369, 375, 378, 380–3, 385–6, 388
Chihuahua (Mexican State), 164, 169, 184 n12, 344, 356 passim, 369, 375 passim
Chippewa Indians, 229
Chiricahua Apache Indians, 169, 184 n12, 185 n28, 344, 358–9, 369–70, 399; moved to San Carlos, 356–7; peace with, 194; wars of 1881–86, 374–93. See also Apache Indians
Chiricahua Mountains (Ariz.), 170, 184 n12, 194, 383
Chiricahua Reservation (Ariz.), 194, 356, 357–8
Chisos Mountains (Tex.), 184 n12
Chivington, Col. John M., 97, 111, 114, 115, 130, 138, 408
Choctaw Indians, 159
Cibicu (Ariz.). See Battles
Cimarron River (Kan.-Okla.), 133, 147, 152
Civil War, xiii, 4, 18, 20, 21, 31, 52, 59, 63, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 95, 116, 132, 155, 163, 164, 168, 177, l88, 296
Clark, Lt. William P., 284, 287
Clark Fork (Wyo.-Mont.), 310, 319
Clear Lake (Calif.), 199, 205
Clearwater River (Ida.), 297 passim., See also Battles
Clendenin, Maj. David R., 173
Cleveland, Pres. Grover, 20, 91 n15, 382, 386, 389–90
Clitz, Col. Henry B., 41 n89
Clothing Bureau, 76
Cloud Peak (Wyo.), 100
Clum, Agent John P., 357–9, 370
Coahuila (Mexican State), 164, 184 n12, 344 passim
Coast Range (Oreg.-Wash.), 177
Cochise (Apache), 173, 185 n28, 193–4, 356, 358, 369
Cody, William F., 50, 150, 156–7, 268–9, 291
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