by Penny Lawne
86. Calendar of Papal Registers, Letters, 1305–1342, p. 308. The papal letter places Edmund in Gascony in October 1329. The Pope gave Edmund and Margaret a dispensation releasing them from their pilgrimage vow in return for paying the costs of the journey to Santiago, and a penance imposed by their confessor.
87. Murimuth, pp. 256–257. Edmund’s confession names several who offered support.
88. CCR 1330–1333, p. 132; The Brut, ii, pp. 265–267; Rotuli Parliamentorum (6 vols, London, 1767–1777), ii, p. 52.
89. Murimuth, pp. 256–257, contains a full transcript of the confession.
90. Murimuth, p. 257; Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynbroke, ed. E. M. Thompson (Oxford, 1889), p. 43.
91. The Brut, ii, p. 265, suggests Edmund promised to reinstate Edward II.
92. The Brut, p. 266.
93. Anonimalle 1307–1334, pp. 142–143. The canonical hours of prayer covered the day starting with prime, with vespers in the early evening.
94. Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynbroke, p. 43; Anonimalle 1307–1334, pp. 142–143.
95. Margaret Wake’s mother was Roger Mortimer’s aunt. The Complete Peerage. xii, p. 302.
96. CFR 1337–1337, p. 169.
97. CFR 1327–1337, p. 174.
98. CPR 1327–1330, pp. 502, 508.
99. Calendar of Papal Registers, Letters, 1305–1342, p. 499.
100. Fryde, The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II, p. 63.
101. On 4 April an order for the seizure of Thomas Wake’s land and goods noted that he had ‘secretly withdrawn from the realm’. CFR 1327–1337, p. 175.
102. CPR 1327–1330, p. 499.
103. CPR 1327–1330, p. 499; CFR 1327–1337, p. 166; CCR 1330–1332, p. 14.
104. CCR 1330–1332, p. 17.
105. CCR 1330–1332, p. 16.
106. Margaret and Roger’s mothers were sisters.
107. CPR 1327–1330, pp. 506, 511, 520, 521.
108. CChR 1327–1341, p. 176.
109. CIPM, vii, pp. 222–235.
110. CFR 1327–1337, p. 175.
2 The Changing Fortunes of the Kent Family, 1330
1. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 109, 110, 120, 193, 241. Several orders refer to the young Edmund, and subsequently to John, as being in the king’s custody.
2. Froissart, J, Oeuvres, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove (Brussels, 26 vols, 1867–77), ii, p. 243.
3. CPR 1330–1334, p. 36.
4. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 84, 106, 215.
5. CCR 1330–1333, pp. 158–159.
6. CCR 1330–1334, pp. 74–76.
7. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 20, 28; CCR 1330–1332, p. 77.
8. CFR 1327–1337, p. 207.
9. Juliet Vale, ‘Philippa (1310–1369)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, 2004).
10. T. F. Tout, Chapters in the Administrative History of Medieval England (6 vols, Manchester, 1936), v, p. 289.
11. CFR 1327–1337, p. 279. Margaret was granted wardship of manors during the minority of her son John, now cited as the heir.
12. CPR 1330–1334, p. 523, Tout, Administrative History, v, p. 315.
13. Tout, Administrative History, v, p. 315.
14. CPR 1330–1334, p. 178; Early Lincoln Wills, 1280–1547, ed. A. Gibbons (Lincoln, 1888), pp. 6–7.
15. Calendar of Papal Registers, Papal Letters, 1305–1342, p. 349.
16. Although Edmund’s final burial place is generally considered to be Westminster abbey there is no evidence that the order was ever carried out. In February 2003 I consulted with Dr Tony Trowles, Librarian at Westminster Abbey, who confirmed that Edmund is listed in their records on the basis of the papal order but they have no corroborating evidence. The location of the burial place in the Abbey is unknown, nor is there a monument or chantry chapel. This is slightly unusual, even given the circumstances. It is possible that Edmund remains buried in Winchester. This might explain why Edmund’s son and heir John chose to be buried at the Grey Friars church in Winchester although he had no known connection to it. The Complete Peerage, vii, p. 148.
17. The Complete Peerage, vii, p. 148.
18. CFR 1327–1337, p. 207.
19. CIPM, vii, pp. 222–235.
20. TNA SC1 38/77; CCR 1330–1332, p. 291.
21. CCR 1330–1332, p. 85.
22. Ibid, pp. 51–52, 189.
23. CCR 1330–1332, pp. 102, 189. Margaret continued to experience problems with her Comyn dower, as a year later David used the Earl of Pembroke’s death in another attempt to obtain a greater share by petitioning the king for a new partition of the estates. CIPM, vii, p. 287.
24. CFR 1327–1337, p. 218; CPR 1330–1334, p. 72.
25. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 73, 178.
26. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 78, 96, 99, 100, 148, 164, 248.
27. CCR 1330–1332, p. 205.
28. CCR 1330–1332, pp. 291–292.
29. CCR 1330–1332, pp. 191, 208.
30. CFR 1327–1337, p. 218; CCR 1330–1332, p. 293.
31. CPR 1330–1334, p. 78.
32. CChR 1327–1341, pp. 2, 4, 5. Arundel Castle estate (Sussex) was valued at £600, and Keevil manor (Wilts) at £90.
33. CFR 1327–1337, pp. 246, 252.
34. CPR 1330–1334, p. 78.
35. CPR 1330–1334, p. 99.
36. Ibid, p. 164.
37. CCR 1330–1332, p. 351.
38. CPR 1330–1334, p. 174.
39. CPR 1330–1334, p. 516.
40. CPR 1330–1334, p. 41. Pulteney was knighted in 1337. He made a fortune through his draper business and evidently derived much satisfaction from his Kent estate with the building of his own stately home, Penshurst Place, which survives and was later home to Sir Philip Sidney.
41. CFR 1327–1337, pp. 246, 252, 277.
42. CFR 1327–1337, p. 279. The manors were Ollerton (Notts), Ryhall (Rutland), Miserden (Gloucs), Lifton, Shebbear and Chettiscombe (Devon), Bagshot and Tolworth (Surrey), and the town of Caistor (Lincs).
43. CFR 1327–1337, p. 279; CPR 1330–1334, p. 329.
44. CPR 1330–1334, p. 217.
45. CPR 1330–1334, p. 329.
46. CCR 1333–1337, pp. 65–66, 117.
47. CCR 1333–1337, p. 221.
48. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 11, 21, 79; Edward Bohun received Shebbear manor (Devon) and the fee farms paid by the abbeys of Ramsey (Huntingdon) and Stratford (Essex), and the town of Grimsby (Lincs). CPR 1330–1334, pp. 193, 217; William Bohun received the fee farm paid by Kirkstall abbey for Collingham (Yorks), town of Basingstoke (Hants). CPR 1330–1334, p. 114; Edmund Bacon received Beesby manor (Lincs). CPR 1330–1334, p. 113; William Montague received the manors of Queen Camel, Somerton, and Kingsbury (Somerset). CPR 1330–1334, pp. 115, 147–148; Thomas Bradeston obtained the manors of Lechlade, Siddington and Barnsley (Gloucs) and the fee farm of Gloucester.
49. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 221, 267. In November 1331 the king granted John Bures the rental from the manor of Iden (Sussex) in repayment of his debt, and similarly in February 1332, £50 rental from the abbey of Waltham Holy Cross (Essex) granted to Hugh Despenser.
50. CPR 1338–1340, p. 246, 465. On 2 May 1338 Shebbear manor (Devon) was granted to Roger Lameleye, then on 20 April 1340 to Peter Beauchamp.
51. CCR 1330–1332, p. 217.
52. CPR 1327–1330, p. 517; CPR 1330–1334, pp. 11, 79.
53. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 78, 96, 99.
54. CCR 1330–1332, p. 231; CPR 1330–1334, p. 148.
55. CPR 1330–1334, p. 20.
56. CPR 1334–1338, p. 100.
57. CPR 1334–1338, pp. 286, 295.
58. CPR 1338–1340, p. 27.
59. TNA SC1 38/86; CPR 1338–1340, p. 133.
60. CCR 1339–1341, pp. 140–141.
61. CCR 1339–1341, p. 280.
62. CPR 1327–1330, p. 246.
63. CIPM, vii, p. 227
64. CPR 1327–1330, p. 508.
65. Froissart, Chronicles, Routledge, p. 28.
66. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 34, 50, 96, 112, 247, 260, 280. In J
anuary 1331 he was unable to obtain seisin of two manors and collect the rental due to him from Dunwich (Suffolk) because they had been granted elsewhere, and the official records have several entries for 1331 confirming grants made previously by the earl.
67. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 523, 335.
68. CPR 1334–1338, pp. 426, 434.
69. CCR 1307–1313, p. 143.
70. CPR 1330–1334, p. 28.
71. CPR 1330–1334, p. 36.
72. CPR 1330–1334, pp. 133, 190.
3 Growing Up in the Royal Household, 1330–1338
1. Barber, Edward Prince of Wales and Aquitaine, p. 16.
2. Tout, Administrative History, v, p. 319. Wentersdorf, ‘The Clandestine Marriages of the Fair Maid of Kent’, p. 204, suggests that Montague and his wife were Joan’s governor and governess on the grounds that Montague was keeper of Woodstock Palace but this is unlikely. There is no evidence that the king appointed the Montagues to take on this role.
3. CPR 1334–1338, pp. 247, 559.
4. Barber, Edward Prince of Wales and Aquitaine, p. 21.
5. CFR 1327–1337, p. 215.
6. Galway, ‘Joan of Kent and the Order of the Garter’, pp. 13–50.
7. Beltz, Order of the Garter, p. 385.
8. A. E. Prince, ‘A Letter of Edward the Black Prince Describing the Battle of Najera in 1367’, English Historical Review, xli (1926), p. 418.
9. Orme, Medieval Children, p. 208.
10. Veronica Sekules, Women’s Piety and Patronage, The Age of Chivalry Art and Society in Late Medieval England, ed. N. Saul (London, 1992). p. 123.
11. Sekules, ‘Women’s Piety and Patronage’, p. 130
12. Edward and Philippa’s religious practices are discussed by W. M. Ormrod, ‘The Personal Religion of Edward III’, Speculum, 64 (1989), pp. 849–911.
13. S. M. Newton, Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince (Woodbridge, 1980), p. 1. Newton comments on the distinct change in fashion at court around 1340.
14. Newton, Fashion in the Age of the Black Prince, p. 21; Nicholas Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, The Education of the English Kings and Aristocracy 1066–1530 (London, 1984), p. 32.
15. Orme, From Childhood to Chivalry, p. 49. Rolls and receipts from the privy wardrobe at the Tower for 1322–1341 illustrate the plenitude of royal books.
16. Vale, Edward III and Chivalry, p. 45.
17. Vale, ‘Philippa’, ODNB.
18. History of the King’s Works, ed. R. A. Brown, H. M. Colvin and A. J. Taylor (3 vols, London, 1963), ii, pp. 1009–1017; CCR 1333–1337, pp. 243, 266.
19. Tout, Administrative History, v, p. 319.
4 A Clandestine Marriage, 1338–1340
1. CPR 1330–1334, p. 534.
2. Mortimer, The Perfect King, p. 149, describes the royal fleet’s departure.
3. Tout, Administrative History, v, p. 322.
4. CPR 1330–1334, p. 224. In 1331 William Montague was charged with arranging a marriage for the baby Prince Edward with Philip VI’s daughter, Joan.
5. Anthony Goodman, John of Gaunt (Essex, 1992), p. 28.
6. Jonathan Sumption, Hundred Years War vol. i: Trial by Battle (London 1990), p. 333, suggests Albret expended more than £9,000 towards the campaign in 1340 and brought with him the aid of several prominent and influential southern noblemen.
7. Foedera, v, ii, p. 177.
8. Foedera, v, p. 702.
9. Marc Morris describes Edward I as being reputedly broad browed, broad chested, blond haired and handsome and he was measured as six feet two inches in death, hence his nickname of ‘Longshanks’, and that his son, Edward of Carnarvon was considered tall and good looking. A Great and Terrible King Edward I and the Forging of Britain (London, 2008), pp. 22, 331. Dan Jones, The Plantagenets: The Kings Who Made England (London, 2012), pp. 440, 472, describes the striking looks of the Black Prince.
10. Evidence of the marriage comes from the papal letter dated May 1348 addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury and the bishops of London and Norwich referring to Thomas Holand’s petition referring to Joan ‘to whom he was married upwards of eight years ago’. Calendar of Papal Registers, Letters, 1342–1362, p. 252.
11. Referred to in the brief of Pope Clement VI dated 5 May 1348 quoted in Appendix A in Wentersdorf, ‘The Clandestine Marriages of the Fair Maid of Kent’, pp. 205, 219–220.
12. TNA E30/67 Papal bull dated 13 November 1349.
13. Calendar of Papal Registers, Letters, 1342–1362, p. 252.
14. Froissart, Oeuvres, Lettenhove, iii, pp. 193–198, 313; TNA E101/391/9, f. 2 payment of war wages; The Complete Peerage, vii, p. 150.
15. W. M. Ormrod, ‘Wake, Thomas, second Lord Wake (1298–1349), nobleman’, Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University press, 2004).
16. Jennifer Ward, English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages (London, 1992), p. 15; CPR 1334–1338, p. 298.
17. Wentersdorf, ‘The Clandestine Marriages of the Fair Maid of Kent’, p. 215.
18. Jean le Bel, Chronique, iii, p. 82; Froissart, Chronicles, Johnes, ii, p. 215; Chronica monasterii de Melsa, ed. E. A. Bond (3 vols, 1867), i. p. 100; Life of the Black Prince by the Herald of Sir John Chandos, p. 12.
19. Froissart, Chronicles, Johnes, ii, p. 316. Froissart describes him as ‘un gentil chevalier … qui n’avoit qu’un oel’. He is described in identical terms by Jean le Bel, Chronique, ii, p. 82.
20. Jennifer Ward, Women in England in the Middle Ages (London, 2006), p. 19; Kim M. Phillips, Medieval Maidens Young Women and Gender in England 1270–1540 (Manchester, 2003), p. 27. The complexities of the canonical law is discussed by J. H. Brundage, ‘Concubinage and Marriage in Medieval Canon Law’, Journal of Medieval History, I (1975).
21. The finding of the papal court that a de praesenti contract existed indicates that they were satified Joan had capacity to give consent, i.e. that she was twelve years old and not under the canonical age for consent.
22. J. R. Maddicott, ‘Thomas of Lancaster and Sir Robert Holand: A study in noble patronage’, English Historical Review, 311 (1971), p. 462. G. R. Holmes, The Estates of the Higher Nobility in Fourteenth Century England (Cambridge, 1957), p. 72.
23. Maddicott, ‘Thomas of Lancaster and Sir Robert Holland’, p. 467.
24. Vita Edwardi Secundia, p. 122.
25. Maddicott, ‘Thomas of Lancaster and Sir Robert Holland’, p. 468.
26. The Brut, p. 267; CCR 1327–1330, pp. 192, 286–287.
27. CPR 1345–1348, p. 87.
28. M. M. N. Stansfield, ‘The Holland Family, Dukes of Exeter, Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1352–1475’ (Corpus Christi College, Oxford, PhD. Thesis, 1987), p. 15.
29. CPR 1327–1330, p. 59.
30. CPR 1327–1330, pp. 467, 469; CCR 1327–1330, pp. 576, 587.
31. The Chronicle of John Hardyng, pp. 331–332 suggests Thomas Holand was William Montague’s steward, but there is no contemporary evidence to support this.
32. CPR 1345–1348, p. 221. Warenne never divorced his wife but he obtained a royal licence to leave his estates to Isabella, which was revoked in 1346 on the application of the Earl of Arundel.
33. Froissart, Oeuvres, Lettenhove, ii, p. 398; CPR 1338–1340, p. 18.
34. Stansfield, ‘The Holland Family’, p. 18 citing TNA E36/203, 252, 267, 303 (printed as The Wardrobe Book of William de Norwell 12 July 1338 to 27 May 1340).
35. CFR 1337–1347, p. 119.
36. CPR 1338–1340, p. 409.
37. CPR 1327–1330, pp. 467, 469; CCR 1327–1330, pp. 573, 587. In December 1329 Maud, as Robert Holand’s executrix, completed the surrender of the manor of Silkworth in Durham in exchange for an annuity of £26 to be paid to Thomas and his heirs.
38. CCR 1337–1339, p. 521.
39. Nigel Saul, Knights and Esquires, The Gloucestershire Gentry in the Fourteenth Century (Oxford, 1981), p. 10.
40. Household Ordinances and Regulations (Society of Antiquaries, 1790), pp. 3–10 lists the rates of wages in war and peace.
&nb
sp; 41. Keen, Chivalry, pp. 12–14, 154; Barber, The Knight and Chivalry, p. 138.
42. Sumption, Hundred Years War, i: Trial by Battle, p. 360 describes Edward III’s grave financial difficulties at this time.
43. The warrants for travel are TNA Treaty Roll 15, m. 1 quoted by Wentersdorf, ‘The Clandestine Marriages of the Fair Maid of Kent’, p. 205.
5 A Bigamous Marriage, 1341–1349
1. Orme, Medieval Children, pp. 329–335.
2. CCR 1339–1341, p662; CPR 1340–1343, p. 145.
3. CCR 1339–1341, p. 662. The official entry is the acknowledgement of a debt for £3,000. A sum this size was almost certainly a dowry.
4. Joan’s resistance to marrying William Montague was noted in the papal proceedings held in 1348/1349, when it was cited by her lawyer that she was forced into the marriage against her will. Wentersdorf,’ The Clandestine Marriages of the Fair Maid of Kent’. The fact that she resisted the marriage suggests she told her family about her marriage to Thomas Holand.
5. CPR 1340–1343, p. 145.
6. Montague Cartulary, ff. 56–56v quoted by Holmes, The Estates of the Higher Nobility, p. 28.
7. CCR 1323–1327, p. 440; M. W. Warner, ‘The Montague earls of Salisbury 1300–1428, A Study in Warfare, Politics and Political Culture’ (University of London PhD thesis, 1991), p. 14.
8. R. Douch, ‘The Career, Lands and Family of William Montague Earl of Salisbury 1301–1344’, Bulletin of Institute of Historical Research, 24 (1951), p. 87; CFR 1337–1347, p. 111.
9. Holmes, The Estates of the Higher Nobility, p. 27; CCR 1333–1337, pp. 491–2; Warner, ‘The Montague earls of Salisbury’, p. 39.
10. Foedera, ii, I, p. 1117–1119; Ward, English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages, p. 21
11. Warner, ‘The Montague earls of Salisbury’, p. 40. Warner suggests the earl used pressure to obtain this union.
12. CPR 1330–1334, p. 402; CCR 1333–1337, p. 85.
13. Phillips, Medieval Maidens, p39.
14. Warner, ‘The Montague earls of Salisbury’, p. 20; Sumption, The Hundred Years War, i: Trial by Battle, p. 312. Sumption dates the earl’s capture to 11 April 1340.
15. CPR 1340–1343, pp. 66, 73. The grant of the Earl of Moray to Montague is dated 25/26 October and confirmed in December.
16. CPR 1338–1340, p. 409.
17. CCR 1333–1337, pp. 491–491.
18. Holmes, The Estates of the Higher Nobility, pp. 42–43 suggests the usual sum was £1,000; CCR 1333–1337, pp. 491–492.