impact on settlement patterns of, 80
Babbage, Charles, 185, 245–46, 247, 248, 250–53
Babylonians, 198
Baliani, Giovanni Battista, 166
Baltimore, 180
Bangkok, 83
Bar codes, 233–34, 236
Barovier, Angelo, 19
Basker, Emek, 233–34
Batchelor, Charles, 211
Bathing, 45, 137–38, 139, 140
Bathing suits, women’s, 149–50
Beatles, 114
Beecher, Catharine, 138
Bell, Alexander Graham, 9, 94, 97–98, 98, 103
Bell Labs, 30, 100–105, 107, 108, 113, 114, 116, 184, 211, 232
Bering Land Bridge, 191
Berlin Jazz Festival, 112–13
Best Buy, 234
Betamax, 7
Bible, 25
Old Testament, 216
Biden, Joe, 83
Big Bang, 40
Binary code, 30, 158
Birdseye, Clarence, 72, 73, 74–75, 84
in Labrador, 68, 70, 71, 253
Birmingham (England), 174
Black Friday stock market crash, 74
Bohr, Niels, 186, 194
Bombay, 53, 55
B&O Railroad, 182
Boston, 58, 250
ice shipped from, 48–52, 54, 57
Water Works in, 130
Boston Gazette, 49
Boulders, The (Las Vegas), 228
Boyle, Robert, 64
Boys, Charles Vernon, 27, 28, 29
Brand, Steward, 192
Brasília, 226, 229
Brazil, 8, 210
Briggs House (Chicago), 133
Bright, Arthur A., 206, 208
Broad Exchange (New York), 100
Brooklyn, 110, 219, 220
Brown, Denis Scott, 226, 229–31
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 32
Brush Electric Light, 214
Buckley, O. E., 104–5
Butterfly effect, 5
Byron, Annabella, 242, 244, 245
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 241, 242, 244, 245
Calcutta, 55
California, 83
Caltech, 156, 158
Candles, 19, 20, 198, 200–201, 204, 205, 217
Cape Town, 128
Carbon dating, 190–92
Carré, Ferdinand, 66–67
Carrier, Willis, 76–80, 82, 83
Carrier Corporation, 76, 77, 79
Cattle ranching, 58
Cave paintings, 87–90, 89, 120, 122
Celsius scale, 64
Cell phones, 31, 100, 102, 189–90, 194
Central Council for Health Education, 139
Central time zone, 183
Cesium, 186–87, 189, 190, 192, 194
Chaos theory, 1, 5
Charleston (South Carolina), 55
Chauvet cave paintings, 87
Chennai, 83
Chesbrough, Ellis, 127, 130, 131, 132, 134, 154, 160
Chicago, 57–61, 106, 127–30, 132, 133, 134–36, 154
African-Americans in, 110
Board of Sewerage Commissioners of, 129–30
Chicxulub asteroid, 197
China, 8, 122–23, 211
Great Wall of, 231
Chlorination of water supply, 143–44, 148–50
Chlorine bleach, 151
Chlorine Revolution, The (McGuire), 144
Cholera, 3, 129, 140–41, 141, 143, 145, 147, 158
Chronometers, 173, 194
Cincinnati, 182
City of the Century (Miller), 58–60
City Noise, 117
Civil rights movement, 9, 82, 112–14, 231
Civil War, 66–67, 143, 179, 251
Clark, A. B., 103
Claude, Georges, 226–28, 230, 231
Clean rooms, 159, 159–61
Clocks, 166–68
atomic, 186–88
digital, 42
pendulum, 6, 170, 171, 176, 184, 185
Clorox bleach, 151, 153
Coevolution, 4, 22
Columbia Railroad, 180, 182
Columbia University, 66, 186
Columbus, Christopher, 168
Comets, 43
Computers, 29–30, 38–39, 42, 100, 158, 161, 236, 254
Bell Labs and, 102, 108
graphic interfaces of, 65
for inventory management, 234
nineteenth-century precursor of, 245–46, 248, 249, 250, 252
time measurement and, 185, 192
waveforms converted to sound by, 96
See also Microchips; Microprocessors
Congress, U.S., 6
Constantinople, fall of, 10, 14, 17
Contested Waters (Wiltse), 149
Copernican universe, 186
Corning Glassworks, 30
Cotton Club (Harlem), 110, 118
Craigslist, 7
Cretaceous age, 3
Crystals, 190
ice, 19, 70
quartz, 19, 184–86
silicon dioxide, 13 (see also Glass)
Cuba, 210–11
Curie, Jacques, 184
Curie, Marie, 190
Curie, Pierre, 184, 190
Cutler, David, 148
Daguerreotypes, 217
Dark Ages, 198
Darwin, Charles, 4, 253
Darwinism, 3
Davy, Humphry, 206
Decibels, 114–15
De Forest, Lee, 106–8, 109, 110, 113, 116, 117
De Landa, Manuel, 1–2
Democratic Party, 81–83
De Moleyns, Frederick, 20
Dennison, Aaron, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181
Descartes, René, 41
Dialectical materialism, 40
Dickens, Charles, 138, 175, 220
Disease, 62, 129, 134, 154, 211
bathing seen as cause of, 137
Civil War deaths from, 143
germ theory of, 136, 140, 142, 152, 156, 158
waterborne, 148 (see also Cholera)
Draggoo, Vaughn, 237
Dreiser, Theodor, 60
Dubai, 83
Dürer, Albrecht, 31, 35
DVDs, 7
Dynamics, 166, 184
Dysentery, 129, 143
Eastern time zone, 183
Edgartown (Massachusetts), 202
Edison, Thomas Alva, 9, 100, 149, 207
development of lightbulb by, 206, 208–12, 213, 215, 218, 250
phonograph invented by, 92, 97, 252
Edison Electric Light Company, 212
Egypt, ancient, 14, 164, 199, 216–17
Einstein, Albert, 189
Ekirch, Roger, 200
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 138
Elevators, 99, 100
Epidemics, 129, 140, 143, 154
Ellington, Duke, 110, 111, 112, 118
England, 48, 138, 170, 217
Greenwich Mean Time in, 182
industrial revolution in, 172–74
Longitude Prize in, 168
in World War I, 120
See also London
Enlightenment, 90
Eno, Brian, 192
Erie Canal, 60
Essex (ship), 202
Etruscans, ancient, 165
Evolution, 2–5, 22, 40, 42
Eyeglasses, see Spectacles
Factories, 61, 151, 158, 174
artificial light in, 200, 224
for neon lights, 230
time measurement and, 185
See also Mills
Fahrenheit scale, 65
Favelas, 129, 154
Favorite (ship), 49, 54
Feaster, Patrick, 96
Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956), 6
Fessenden, Reginald, 119–20, 121, 122
Feynman, Richard, 9–10
Fiberglass, 29, 31
Fiber-optic cables, 30, 143
Fielding, Henry, 241
Fisheries Association, 72
Fitzgerald, Ella, 112
Five
Points (Manhattan), 220, 223, 225
Flash Gordon (comic strip, movies and television series), 232, 234
Flatiron Building (New York), 100
Fletcher, Henry, 114
Florence Baptistry, 32
Florida, 80, 83
Ford, Henry, 74, 149
Ford Motor Company, Rouge Plant, 175
Fossil fuels, 42, 54, 203–4
France, 67, 87–88, 90, 118, 137, 217, 228
See also Paris
Franchise businesses, 228, 230
Franklin, Benjamin, 201–2
Frigidaire, 76
Frozen food, 72, 73, 74–76, 75, 84
naturally occurring, in Labrador, 68, 70, 71, 253
Fuller, George Warren, 144
Gaedicke, Johannes, 218, 225
Galileo Galilei, 10, 25, 38
pendulum clock invented by, 164–66, 168, 169, 170, 171, 184, 190, 194
García Márquez, Gabriel, 50
Gardiner, Robert, 48
Gaslight, 106, 203, 217
Gates, Bill and Melinda, Foundation, 156, 157
General Conference on Weights and Measures (Paris, 1967), 163–64, 187
General Electric, 69
General Foods, 74
General Seafood, 74
Geochemistry, 43
Georgia, 67
Germany, 104, 120, 218
Germ theory, 136, 140, 142, 152, 156, 158
Gertner, Jon, 100, 232
Giovannoni, David, 96
Glasses, see Spectacles
Glassmaking, 14, 17–19, 42, 184
See also Lenses; Mirrors; Silicon dioxide
Global trade, 46, 60, 170, 172
Google, 7, 174, 250
Gorrie, John, 62, 63, 65–66
Gould, Gordon, 232
GPS (Global Positioning System), 189
Great Pyramid of Giza, 216–17
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), 182, 183
Gutenberg, Johannes, 4, 6, 20, 22, 25, 32
Half-life, 190
Hamburg, 127
Hard Times (Dickens), 175
Harper’s Weekly, 220
Harvard University, 148, 198
Havana, 46, 48, 53
Hawaii, 37–40, 39
Heisenberg, Werner, 186
Hendrix, Jimi, 115
Hennessey, Meagan, 96
Hillis, Danny, 192
Hitler, Adolf, 114
Holiday, Billie, 112
Hollywood, 150
Homo sapiens, 191
evolution of, 40
Hooke, Robert, 22–23,
illustration by, 24
microscope designed by, 26
Hoover Dam, 228
Houston, 80
How Congress Evolves (Polsby), 81
How the Other Half Lives (Riis), 223
Hughes Aircraft, 232
Hurricanes, 62
Hussey, Captain, 201
Hutchinson, Benjamin, 58
Hygiene, 137, 161
See also Bathing; Public health
Ice Age, 60
“Ice House Diary” (Tudor), 48–49
Ice trade, 45–46, 48–57, 61–62, 84–85, 167, 253
climate and disruptions of, 57, 62, 65
failure of early attempts at, 49–52
Idea Factory, The (Gertner), 100
Immigrants, 58, 224
to warmer climates, air-conditioning and, 80, 83
India, 53, 55
Indiana, 180
Industrial revolution, 6, 42, 61, 170, 172–75
Infant mortality, 148, 152
Innovation, “genius” theory of, 205
Instagram, 31
Internet, 30, 112, 134
Inuits, 68, 70, 74, 253
iPod, 205, 210
Irvin Theatre, 81
Italy, 20, 37
iTunes, 250
Jack the Ripper, 134
Jacquard loom, 2
Jakarta, 83
Janssen, Hans, 22
Janssen, Zacharias, 22, 24
Japan, 36, 211
Jazz, 8, 110, 112–13
Jersey City, water supply of, 143–46, 150, 156, 158
Jobs, Steve, 209, 254
Jungle, The (Sinclair), 134–35
Jupiter, moons of, 25
Justice Department, U.S., 102
Karachi, 83
Kauffman, Stuart, 64
Keck Observatory, 38–40, 39, 89
Kelly, Kevin, 192–93
Kentucky Fried Chicken, 228
Kerosene lamps, 200, 203, 205
Khufu, 216
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 112–13
“I Have a Dream” speech, 114, 231
Koch, Robert, 141–42
Kramers, Jan, 43
Kruesi, John, 211
Labrador, 68, 70, 71, 72, 253
Lagos, 83
Lancet, The, 140
Lasers, 30, 38–39, 100, 158, 232–37
Las Vegas, 226, 227, 228–31
Latitude, 168
Lawrence Livermore Labs, 235
Leal, John, 142–46, 148, 150, 151, 154, 156, 158, 160
Learning from Las Vegas (Brown and Venturi), 230, 231
LEDs, 205, 250
Led Zeppelin, 115
Lenses, 2, 6, 8, 10, 30, 31, 41, 156, 251
camera, 25, 27, 42
lasers and, 235
microscope, 22–24, 34, 141–42
of spectacles, 2, 4, 20, 22, 27
telescope, 24–25, 34, 38
Leonardo da Vinci, 31, 34, 252
Libyan Desert, 13–14, 43
“Lightbulb moments,” 72, 198
Lightbulbs, 2, 8, 41, 103, 198, 200–201, 205–15, 218, 228
fluorescent, 200, 205
lasers and, 232–33
LED, 205, 250
neon, see Neon lights
Lighthouses, 118
Limelight, 217, 225
Lippershey, Hans, 25, 38
Listerine, 151, 152
Live Aid, 114
Liverpool, 110
London, 83, 104, 127, 134, 138, 152, 154, 181, 241, 246
cholera in, 140, 141, 147
Clockmakers’ Museum in, 173
underground in, 133, 135
Longitude, 168, 172
Long Now Foundation, 192–93
Clock of, 192, 193
Los Angeles, South Central, 110
Louis XIII, King of France, 138
Louisiana, 67
Lovelace, Augusta Ada Byron, Countess of, 241–42, 243, 244–46, 248, 250–52, 255
Lovelace, William King, Earl of 241–42
MacFarlane, Alan, 34, 36
Macintosh computers, 254
Madagascar (ship), 45
Madras, 55
Magna Carta, 2
Malaria, 62
Manila, 83
Marconi, Guglielmo, 106
Mariana, Queen of Spain, 32
Marrison, W. A., 184
Martin, Grady, 115, 116
Martin, Richard, 96
Martinique, 49–52, 54, 55
Marxism, 40
Materialism, 40
Mauna Kea, 37–40, 39
McDonald’s, 228
McGuire, Michael J., 144
McLuhan, Marshall, 20
Meatpacking industry, 58–59
freezing and, 74
refrigeration and, 65
Medici family, 37
Megacities, 83, 129, 154, 156
Melville, Herman, 202
Memphis, 110
Meninas, Las (Velázquez), 32, 33, 34
Menlo Park, Edison’s lab at, 100, 206, 210–11
Metric system, 217
Metropolitan Opera (New York), 107
Michigan, 180
Microchips, 42, 80, 158–60, 185
Micrographia (Hooke), 22–23, 24
Microns, 158
Microphones, 88, 107, 118
amplified speakers and, 113–14, 116
Microprocessors, 100, 158, 185
>
Microscopes, 5, 26, 50, 70, 80, 172, 250
germ theory and, 156, 158
lenses of, 22–24, 27, 141–42
Middle Ages, 137
Miethe, Adolf, 218, 225
Miller, Donald, 58–60
Miller, Grant, 148
Mills, 170, 174
lumber, 52
See also Factories
Mirrors, 32, 34–37, 41
lasers and, 235
Renaissance paintings and, 33, 34
in science fiction, 231
in telescopes, 38–40
Moby-Dick (Melville), 202
Modernism, 31, 229
Moon landing, 231
Moore, William, 211
Morse code, 106, 119, 233
Mosquitoes, 62
Mountain time zone, 183
MP3 player, 209, 210
Muckraking, 60, 134, 215, 218, 223
Mumbai, 154
Mumford, Lewis, 34–35
Murano, 17–19, 18, 27, 32, 184, 251
Murray, Annie, 151
Nanoseconds, 187, 190
Nantucket (Massachusetts), 201, 202
Napster, 105
National Association of Broadcasters, 110
National Ignition Facility (NIF), 235–38, 237
Navigation, 168, 170
See also Shipping
Neanderthals, 87, 88, 90, 118, 122
Neolithic era, 22, 113
Neon lights, 228–30, 236
Netherlands, 22, 35
Nevada, 191
New Jersey, 206
New Orleans, 55, 110
New York City, 58, 67, 72, 74, 77, 83, 127, 152, 154, 209, 218
artificial light in, 206, 214, 214–15
clock time in, 180, 182, 183
Harlem, 59, 110
Metropolitan Opera, 107
Noise Abatement Society, 114
skyscrapers in, 99–100
slums of, 220, 223–25, 224
subways, 133
Times Square, 229
World’s Fair in, 79
New York State, 72
Tenement House Act (1901), 223
New York Times, 57, 107
NeXT computer, 254
Nobel Prize, 142, 190
Noise abatement, 114–15
Nordhaus, William D., 204–5
Nundinal calendar, 165
Nuremberg rallies, 8, 114
Oakland (California), 151
Obama, Barack, 83
Observatories, 38–39, 164, 183
Odorono antiperspirant, 151
Ogden, William Butler, 128
Oil lamp, 199
On the Origin of Species (Darwin), 4, 253
One Hundred Years of Solitude (García Márquez), 50
On the Various Contrivances by Which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, and the Good Effects of Intercrossing (Darwin), 253
Pacific time zone, 183
Paleolithic era, 88
Palmolive soap, 151
Paramount Pictures, 77, 79
Paris, 66, 83, 87, 127, 133, 138, 152, 163, 190, 226
Academy of Sciences, 96
chandlers in, 198
Grand Palais, 228
University of, 88
Pasteur, Louis, 142
Patents, 25, 102, 107, 148, 215
of laser, 232
of lightbulb, 206
of neon lights, 228
of phonautograph, 65–66, 92
Pendulums, 6, 166, 170, 171, 176, 184, 185
How We Got to Now: Six Innovations That Made the Modern World Page 21