Theater of the World

by Thomas Reinertsen Berg

  Kristiansen, Nina: ‘De kartla og navnga landet’ [‘They mapped and named the country’], forskning.no, 24 October 2012, forskning. no/historie-kulturhistorie-sprak/2012/10/de-kartlaog-navnga-landet

  Kulvik, Kåre (ed.): Kartografi i 50 år, Kartografisk forening, bilag til Kart og Plan nummer 1 [Fifty Years of Cartography: The Cartographic Society, supplement to Maps and Plans number 1], 1987.

  Kunzig, Robert: Mapping the Deep. The Extraordinary Story of Ocean Science, Norton, New York, 2000.

  Kyrkjebø, Rune & Spørck, Bjørg Dale (trans.): Norrøn verdenshistorie og geografi [Norse World History and Geography], Thorleif Dahls kulturbibliotek/Aschehoug, Oslo, 2012.

  La Porte, Melissa: ‘A Tale of Two Mappae Mundi: The Map Psalter and its Mixed-Media Maps’, The University of Guelph, Ontario, 2012. atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10214/3662/LaPorte-final-05-09.pdf?sequence=6

  Lainema, Matt & Nurminen, Juha: Ultima Thule. Oppdagelsesreiser i Arktis [Ultima Thule: Journeys of Discovery in the Arctic], Schibsted, Oslo, 2010.

  Lervik, Arne: ‘Geologien på den norske kontinentalsokkel nord for den 62. breddegrad’ [‘The geology of the Norwegian continental shelf above 62 degrees north], Oljedirektoratet (Norwegian Petroleum Directorate), Oslo, 1972. media.digitalarkivet.no/view/49584/250?indexing=

  Lewis, G. Malcolm: ‘The Origins of Cartography’ in Harley, J. B. & Woodward, David (eds.): The History of Cartography Volume One: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987.

  Lozovsky, Natalia: ‘The Earth is Our Book’. Geographical Knowledge in the Latin West ca. 400–1000, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan, 2000.

  : ‘Maps and panegyrics’ in Talbert & Unger, 2008.

  Luncke, Bernhard: ‘Norges Svalbard og Ishavsundersøkelsers luftkartlegning i Eirik Raudes land 1932’ [‘Aerial photography in Erik the Red’s land by Norway’s Svalbard and Arctic Ocean Survey’]. Special printing of Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift [The Norwegian Journal of Geography], vol. 4, issue 6, Oslo, 1933

  MacLeod, Roy (ed.): The Library of Alexandria, I.B. Tauris Publishers, London, 2000.

  McPhail, Cameron: ‘Reconstructing Eratosthenes’ Map of the World: A Study in Source Analysis’, master’s dissertation from the University of Otago, Dunedin, 2011. ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/1713/McPhailCameron2011MA.pdf

  Magnus, Olaus: Historia om de nordiska folken [History of the Nordic People], Michaelisgillet og Gidlunds förlag, Hedemora, 1909–1951. litteraturbanken.se/#!/forfattare/OlausMagnus

  Marstrander, Sverre: Østfolds jordbruksristninger [Østfold’s Agricultural Rock Carvings], Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1963.

  Matei-Chesnoiu, Monica: Re-imagining Western European Geography in English Renaissance Drama, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire, 2012. pp. 13–14.

  Meece, Stephanie: ‘A bird’s eye view–of a leopard’s spots. The Çatalhöyük “map” and the development of cartographic representation in prehistory’ in Anatolian Studies, no. 56 pp. 1–16, 2006. jstor.org/stable/20065543.

  Meland, Trude: ‘Tidslinje (1962–1965)’ [‘Timeline (1962–1965)’] at kulturminne-frigg.no

  Mercator’s projection: conversation with Bengt Malm at the Norwegian Maritime Museum.

  Meyer, Robinson: ‘A New 50-Trillion-Pixel Image of Earth, Every Day’ at theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/03/terra-bel-la-planet-labs/472734/

  : ‘Google’s Satellite Map Gets a 700-Trillion-Pixel Makeover’ at theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/06/google-maps-gets-a-satellite-makeover-mosaic-700-trillion/488939/

  Miekkavaara, Leena: ‘Unknown Europe: The mapping of the Northern countries by Olaus Magnus in 1539’ in Belgeo 3–4 2008. belgeo.revues.org/7677

  Millard, Alan Ralph: ‘Cartography in the Ancient Near East’ in Harley, J. B. & Woodward, David (eds.): The History of Cartography Volume One: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987.

  Miller, Greg: ‘Inside the Secret World of Russia’s Cold War Mapmakers’ at wired.com/2015/07/secret-coldwar-maps/

  Munch, Peter Andreas: Indberetning om hans i somrene 1842 og 1843 med Stipendium foretagne Reiser gjennem Hardanger, Numedal, Thelemarken m.m. Hermed et Kart [Report on his summers of 1842 and 1843 spent taking scholarship-funded journeys through Hardanger, Numedal, Telemark, etc. Including a Map], handwritten manuscript, 1844, Nasjonalbiblioteket (National Library of Norway), Oslo.

  Myre, Olav (ed.): For hundre år siden. P.A. Munch og mennene omkring ham [One hundred years ago: P. A. Munch and the people around him], Olaf Norlis Forlag, Oslo, 1944.

  Nansen, Fridtjof: Fram over Polhavet. Første og anden del, Aschehoug, Kristiania, 1897.

  : Farthest North, volumes I and II, Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York and London, 1898.

  (ed.): The Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893–1896. Scientific Results. vol. iv, Christiania, Jacob Dybwad, 1904

  : Nord i tåkeheimen. Utforskningen av Jordens nordlige strøk i tidlige [In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times], Jacob Dybwads Forlag, Oslo, 1911.

  : In Northern Mists: Arctic Exploration in Early Times. Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York, 1911. Translated by Arthur G. Chater.

  Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea: Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, Greenwood Press, Westport, 1998.

  Neugebauer, Otto: A History of Ancient Mathematical Astronomy, Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin, 1975.

  Nissen, Kristian: ‘Norlandia-kartet i Den Werlauffske gave og Andreas Heit-mans kart over Nordlandene fra 1744–45 samt dermed beslektede karter’ [‘The Nordlandia Map and Andreas Heitman’s map of the northern regions from 1744–45 and related maps] in Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift [The Norwegian Journal of Geography], vol. 7, 1938.

  : ‘Melchior Ramus, en av den nasjonale kartografis grunnleggere’ [‘Melchior Ramus, a founder of national cartography’], speech made at ‘Det Norske Geografiske Selskab’ 24 February 1943, printed in Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift [The Norwegian Journal of Geography], vol. 9, issue 5, Oslo, 1943.

  : ‘Randsfjorden og Land på gamle karter’ [‘Randsfjorden and Land in old maps’] in Kolsrud, Oluf & Christensen, Reidar Th. (eds.): Boka om Land. Bind 1 [The Book of Land: Volume 1], Lererlagene og Cammermeyers Boghandel, Oslo, 1948.

  : ‘Hollendernes innsats i utformingen av de eldste sjøkarter over Nordsjøen og Norges kyster’ [‘How the Dutch shaped the oldest nautical maps of the North Sea and the coasts of Norway’] in Bergens Sjøfartsmuseums årshefte 1949 [Bergen Shipping Museum Yearbook 1949], Bergen, 1950.

  : ‘Det eldste kart over det gamle Stavanger stift.’ [‘The oldest map of the old Diocese of Stavanger’]. Presentation at Rogaland Akademi 19 October 1960, printed in Stavanger museum: Årbok 1960 [Stavanger Museum: Yearbook 1960], Dreyer, Stavanger, 1961.

  : ‘Det eldste Vestlandskart.’ [‘The oldest map of Vestlandet’] Presentation at Selskapet til vitenskapens fremme 14 October 1960, printed in Bergens historiske forening: Skrifter nr. 63 1960 [Bergen Historical Society: Journal no. 63], Bergen, 1961.

  : ‘Nytt av og om Melchior Ramus’ [‘News of and about Melchior Ramus’] in Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift [The Norwegian Journal of Geography], vol. 19, issues 5–6, Oslo, 1963–4.

  Nissen, Kristian & Kvamen, Ingolf (eds.): Major Peter Schnitlers grenseeksaminasjonsprotokoller 1742–1745. [Major Peter Schnitler’s border examination logs 1742–1745] vol. 1, Kjeldeskriftfondet, Norsk historisk kjeldeskriftinstitutt, Oslo, 1962.

  Nørbeck, Torbjørn: ‘Bruk av satellittbilder i kartframstilling’ [‘The use of satellite images in the presentation of maps’] in Kart og Plan nummer 2, 1986.

  Nørlund, Niels Erik: Danmarks kortlægning. En historisk fremstilling. Første bind. Tiden til afslutningen af Videnskabernes Selskab opmaaling [The Mapping of Denmark: A historical presentation. Volume I], Ejnar Munksgaard, Copenhagen, 1942.

  Norris, Pat: Spies in the Sky, Springer/P
raxis Publishing, Chichester, 2008.

  NOU 1975: 26, Om norsk kart og oppmålingsvirksomhet [On Norwegian Maps and Surveying], Miljøverndepartementet og Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, 1975.

  Nunn, George E.: Origin of the Strait of Anian Concept, private publication, Philadelphia, 1929.

  Nystedt, Lars: ‘En expedition till vetgirighetens gräns’ [‘An expedition to the limits of curiosity’] in Svenska Dagbladet, 29 May 2006, svd.se/en-expediti-on-till-vetgirighetens-grans

  O’Connor, John Joseph & Robertson, Edmund Frederick: ‘Giovanni Domenico Cassini’, history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Cassini. html, St. Andrews, 2003.

  Ohthere of Hålogaland’s description is translated by Arthur O. Sandved from The Old English Orosius and retrieved from NOU 1984:18: ‘Om samenes rettsstilling’, Oslo, 1984, pp. 643–4.

  Orosius, Paulus: Seven Books of History Against the Pagans, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 2010. Translated by Andrew T. Fear.

  Ortelius, Abraham: Theatrum orbus terrarum, self-published, Antwerp, 1570.

  Østensen, Olaf: ‘EDB-utstyr til fylkeskartkontorene’ [‘Electronic data processing equipment for the county mapping offices’] in Kart og Plan nummer 4 [Maps and Plans number 4], 1981.

  Øverås, Eirik: Snorre Sturlason, Noregs Boklag, Oslo, 1941.

  Paule, Torbjørn: Den økonomiske kartleggingens historie i Norge [The History of Economic Mapping in Norway].

  Pettersen, Bjørn Ragnvald: ‘Astronomy in service of shipping: Documenting the founding of Bergen Observatory in 1855’ in Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage no. 8 (2), 2005.

  : ‘The first astro-geodetic reference frame in Norway, 1779–1815’ in Acta Geod. Geoph. Hung., vol. 44, Budapest, 2009.

  : ‘Jakten på Norges nullmeridian’ [‘The hunt for Norway’s prime meridian’] in Posisjon [Position] no. 3, 2013.

  : ‘Astronomiske bestemmelser av Norges første nullmeridian’ [‘Astronomical determinations of Norway’s first prime meridian’] in Kart og plan nr. 1. [Maps and Plans number 1] 2014.

  Pettersen, Bjørn Ragnvald & Harsson, Bjørn Geirr: ‘Noen trekk fra geodesiens utvikling i Norge de siste 200 år’ [‘Some aspects of the development of geodesy in Norway over the past 200 years’] in Kart og plan nr. 1 [Maps and Plans number 1], Oslo, 2014.

  Plato: Faidon [Phaedo], Vidarforlaget, Oslo, 2001. Translated by Egil Kraggerud.

  Plato: Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vol. 1, Perseus Digital Library, perseus.tufts.edu, translated by Harold North Fowler, 1966.

  Pliny the Elder: The Natural History, Perseus Digital Library, perseus.tufts.edu, Medford, 1855. Translated by John Bostock and H.T. Riley.

  Pontoppidan, Christian Jochum: Geographisk Oplysning til Cartet over det sydlige Norge i trende Afdeelinger. Uddragen og samlet af de bedste, til Cartet brugte, locale Efterretninger og Hiel-pe-Midler [Geographical information to accompany the map of southern Norway in three parts. Collated excerpts from the best local information and aids], printed by August Friederich Stein, Copenhagen, 1785.

  Ptolemy, Claudius: Geography, translated by Edward Luther Stevenson, New York Public Library, New York, 1932, modified by Bill Thayer at penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/home.html

  The story of Pietro Querini can be read on the University of Tromsø website: ub.uit.no/northernlights/nor/querini.htm

  Randers, Kristofer: Søndmøre. Reisehaandbog [Søndmøre Travel Handbook], Aalesund-Søndmøre Turistforening and Albert Cammermeyer, Kristiania, 1890.

  Rastad, Per Erik: Kongsvinger festnings historie. Vakten ved Vinger–Kongsvinger festning 1682–1807 [The Story of Kongsvinger Fortress: The Guard at Vinger–Kongsvinger Fortress 1687–1807], Hovedkomiteen for Kongsvinger festnings 300-årsjubileum (Lead committee for Kongsvinger Fortress’s 300-year anniversary), 1992.

  Reite, Arild: ‘Digitale fylkeskart’ [‘Digital county maps’] in Kart og Plan nummer 2 [Maps and Plans number 2], 1986.

  Richelson, Jeffrey T.: ‘U.S. Satellite Imagery, 1960–1999’, nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB13/

  Rogan, Bjarne: Mellom tradisjon og modernisering. Kapitler av 1800-tallets samferdselshistorie [Between Tradition and Modernisation: Chapters from the transport history of the 1800s], Novus forlag, Oslo, 1998.

  Roller, Duane W.: Eratosthenes’ Geography, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2010.

  Rytter, Olav: Rigveda. Femtifem veda-hymnar [The Rigveda: Fifty-five Veda hymns], Det Norske Samlaget, Oslo, 1976.

  Sætre, Per Jarle: ‘Ivar Refsdals skoleatlas. Atlasets innhold og betydning for samtiden’ [‘Ivar Refsdal’s school atlas: its content and contemporary significance’] in Nordidactica no. 2, 2014, kau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:765232/FULLTEXT01.pdf

  Sass, Erik: ‘WWI Centennial: Battle of Neuve Chapelle’, 2015, mentalfloss.com/article/62119/wwi-centennial-battle-neuve-chapelle

  Schellenberg, Rosie: Maps: Power, Plunder and Possession, episode 1: ‘Windows on the World’, BBC Productions, London, 2007.

  : Maps: Power, Plunder and Possession, episode 2: ‘Spirit of the Age’, BBC Productions, London, 2007.

  Schilder, Günter & van Egmond, Marco: ‘Maritime Cartography in the Low Countries during the Renaissance’ in Woodward, David: The History of Cartography Volume Three: Cartography in the European Renaissance, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2007.

  Schöller, Bettina: ‘Transfer of Knowledge: Mappae Mundi Between Texts and Images’ in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art & Architecture, vol. 4, no. 1 spring 2013. digital.kenyon.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1107&context=perejournal

  Schøning, Gerard: ‘Nogle Anmærkninger og Erindringer ved det, over Norge nylig udkomne, Kart’ [‘Some comments and changes on the new map of Norway’] in Det Trondheimske Selskabs Skrifter. Anden Deel, Copenhagen, 1763. ntnu.no/ojs/index.php/DKNVS_skrifter/article/view/699

  Scott, Sheila: On Top of the World, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1973.

  Seip, Anne-Lise: ‘P.A. Munch (1810–1863)’, presentation at annual meeting, 3 May 2013.

  Sellevold, Markvard Armin: ‘Vitskapelege undersøkingar på den norske kontinental-sokkel 1960–1965: Resultat og problem’ [‘Scientific investigations on the Norwegian continental shelf 1960–1965: Results and problems’] in Årbok 1996, Norsk Oljemuseum [Norwegian Petroleum Museum Yearbook 1996], Stavanger, 1996.

  Seue, Christian Martini de: Historisk Beretning om Norges geografiske Opmaaling fra dens Stiftelse i 1773 indtil Udgangen af 1876 [Historical account of the Geographical Survey of Norway from its establishment in 1773 until the end of 1876], Kristiania, NGO, 1878.

  Shakespeare, William: As You Like It, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.

  Shore, Arthur Frank: ‘Egyptian Cartography’ in Harley, J. B. & Woodward, David (eds.): The History of Cartography Volume One: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987.

  Siebold, Jim: ‘When America was part of Asia for 270 years’, myoldmaps.com

  Siewers, H.: Geografi. Efter Rektor O.E.L. Dahm [Geography], P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel, Kristiania, 1868.

  Sinding-Larsen, Fredrik: Den norske krigsskoles historie i ældre tider [The Early History of the Norwegian Military Academy], Albert Cammermeyers Forlag, Oslo, 1900.

  Skappel, Helge & Widerøe, Viggo: Pionertid. 10 års sivilflyging i Norge [The Age of Pioneers: Ten years of civil flight in Norway], Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Oslo, 1946.

  Skoleloven 1860 (Education Act 1860): fagsider.org/kirkehistorie/lover/1860_skole.htm

  Smelror, Morten: ‘Banebrytende geologiske oppdagelser’ [‘Groundbreaking geological discoveries’] at geo365.no/geoforskning/banebrytende-geologiske-oppdagelser

  Smith, Catherine Delano: ‘Cartography in the Prehistoric Period in the Old World: Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa’ in Harley, J. B. & Woodward, David (eds.): The History of Cartography Volume One: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean, The University
of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1987.

  : ‘Prehistoric Cartography in Asia’ in Harley, J. B. & Woodward, David (eds.): The History of Cartography Volume Two, Book Two: Cartography in the Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societies, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1994.

  Smith, Catherine Delano & Ingram, Elizabeth Morley: Maps in Bibles 1500–1600: An Illustrated Catalogue, Librarie Droz, Geneva, 1991.

  Strabo: Geographica, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1918–32. Translated by Horace Leonard Jones & John Robert Sitlington Sterrett.

  Stubhaug, Arild: ‘Christopher Hansteen’ in Norsk biografisk leksikon [Norwegian Biographical Encyclopedia], nbl.snl.no/Christopher_Hansteen_-_1

  Sturluson, Snorri: Edda, Cammermeyers Boghandel, Oslo, 1950. Translated by Anne Holtsmark.

  : The Prose Edda, translated by Jean I. Young, University of California Press, 1966.

  : Heimskringla, Translated by Samuel Laing, Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London, 1844.

  : Kongesagaer [Kings’ Sagas], J. M. Stenersens Forlag, Oslo, 2009. Translated by Gustav Storm.

  Sverdrup, Otto: Nyt Land. Fire Aar i arktiske Egne [New Land. Four Years in the Arctic Regions], Aschehoug, Kristiania, 1903.

  : New Land. Four Years in the Arctic Regions. Translated by Ethel Harriet Hearn, 1904.

  Talbert, Richard J.A. & Unger, Richard W. (eds.): Cartography in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Brill, Leiden, 2008.

  Taylor, Andrew: The World of Gerard Mercator, Harper Perennial, London, 2004.

  Taylor, E.G.R.: ‘A Letter Dated 1577 from Mercator to John Dee’ in Imago Mundi, vol. 13, 1956. jstor.org/stable/1150242. Norwegian translation of Mercator’s letter to Dee by Asgaut Steinnes.

  Tharp, Marie & Frankel, Henry: ‘Mappers of the Deep’ in Natural History, October 1986. faculty.umb.edu/anamarija.frankic/files/ocean_sp_09/MidAtlantic%20ridge%20discovery. pdf.gz

  Tollin, Clas: ‘When Sweden Was Put on the Map’ in Palang, Hannes; Sooväli, Helen; Antrop, Marc & Setten, Gunhild (eds.): European Rural Landscapes, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 2004.

  Trager, Leslie: ‘Mysterious Mapmakers: Exploring the Impossibly Accurate 16th Century Maps of Antarctica and Greenland’, newyorkmapsociety.org/LTMysteriousMapmakers.html, 2007.