Furneaux, Rupert. The Man behind the Mask: The Real Story of the “Ancient Prisoner.” London: Cassell & Company, 1954.
Gazette. Théophraste Renaudot, contributor. Paris: Bureau d’adresse, 1631–1761.
Gourville, Jean-Hérauld, sieur de. Mémoires. Paris: Librairie Renouard, 1894.
Grand Larousse de la langue française, en sept volumes. Paris: Larousse, 1989.
Griffet, Henri. Histoire de La Vie de Louis XIII, Roi de France et de Navarre. Paris: Chez Saillant, Libraire, 1758.
Griffet, Henri. Traité des différentes sortes de preuves qui servent à établir la vérité de l’Histoire. Liège: J.-F. Bassompierre, publisher, 1770.
Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, baron de. Correspondance littéraire, nouvelle édition, tome quatorzième 1788–1789. Paris: Chez Furne et Ladrange, 1831.
Hartmann, Cyril Hughes. Charles II and Madame. London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1934.
Heiss, baron de. “Lettre au sujet de l’homme au masque de fer.” Journal encyclopédique. 15 août 1770, tome VI.
Hilton, Lisa. The Real Queen of France: Athénaïs & Louis XIV. London: Abacus, 2003.
Hopkins, Tighe. The Man in the Iron Mask. London: Hurst and Blackett, Limited, 1901.
Huguet, Adrien. Le Marquis de Cavoye: Un grand maréchal des logis de la maison du Roi. Paris: Édouard Champion. 1920.
Iung, Théodore. La Verite sur le Masque de Fer (Les Empoisoneurs), d’après des documents inédits. Paris: Henri Plon, 1873.
La Fare, marquis de. Mémoires et Réflexions sur les principaux événements du règne de Louis XIV in Michaud et Poujoulat, series 3, volume 30. Lyon; Paris: Guyot Frères, 1854.
La Grange-Chancel, Joseph. “Lettre à Fréron,” L’Année littéraire. 1759, tome III.
Lair, Jules. Nicolas Fouquet. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1890.
Laloy, Emile. Enigmes du Grand Siècle: Le Masque de fer, Jacques de La Cloche, l’abbé Prignani, Roux de Marsilly. Paris: Librairie H. Le Soudier, 1912.
Lang, Andrew. The Valet’s Tragedy and Other Stories. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1903.
Lioret, G. Le Surintendant Foucquet et ses compagnons d’infortune au Château de Moret. Moret-sur-Loing: Librairie E. Sauvé, 1897.
Loisleur, Jules. Trois Enigmes Historiques. La Saint-Barthélemy; L’Affaire des Poisons et Madame de Montespan; le Masque de Fer Devant la Critique Moderne. Paris: E. Plon et Cie, 1882.
Louis XIV. Œuvres de Louis XIV. Paris: Chez Treuttel et Würtz, 1806.
Macdonald, Roger. The Man in the Iron Mask. London: Constable, 2005; London: Constable, 2008.
Mast, M. M. Le Masque de fer: Une solution révolutionnaire. Paris: Tchou, 1974.
Mongrédien, Georges. “Le problème de Masque de fer,” in Pinerolo: La Maschera di Ferro e il suo tempo. Pinerolo: L’Artistica Savigliano, 1976.
Montoya, Alicia C. Medievalist Enlightenment: From Charles Perrault to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Cambridge: DS Brewer, 2013.
Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orléans. Mémoires de Mlle de Montpensier: Petite-fille de Henri IV, edited by A. Chéruel. Paris: Bibliothèque-Charpentier, 1858.
Montpensier, Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orléans. Memoires of Mademoiselle de Montpensier, granddaughter of Henri IV and niece of Queen Henrietta-Maria. London: H. Colburn, 1848.
Mouhy, Charles de Fieux. Le Masque de fer, ou les avantures admirables du père et du fils. The Hague: Chez Pierre de Hondt, 1750.
Noone, John. The Man behind the Iron Mask. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1994.
Ormesson, Olivier Lefèvre d’. Journal. Paris Imprimerie Impériale, 1860.
Pagnol, Marcel. Le Secret du masque de fer. Paris: Editions de Fallois, 1998.
Papon, Jean-Pierre. Voyage littéraire en Provence. Paris: Chez Barrois l’âiné, 1780.
Patin, Gui. Lettres. Paris: Chez J.-B. Baillière, 1846.
Pélissier, L.-G. “Un voyage en felouque de Saint-Tropez à Gènes,” Revue des études historiques. 1907.
Petitfils, Jean-Christian. Fouquet. Paris: Perrin, 1999.
Petitfils, Jean-Christian. Le Masque de fer: Entre histoire et légende. Paris: Perrin, 2003.
Pitts, Vincent J. Embezzlement and High Treason in Louis XIV’s France. The Trial of Nicolas Fouquet. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015.
Ravaisson, François. Archives de la Bastille, volumes I, II, III, VII. Paris: Durand, 1866.
Renneville, Constantin de. L’Inquisition Françoise, ou L’Histoire de la Bastille. Amsterdam: Chez Etienne Roger, 1715.
Roux-Fazillac, Pierre. Recherches historiques et critiques sur l’homme au masque de fer. Paris: L’imprimerie de Valade, an IX [1800].
Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin. Causeries du lundi, second edition. Paris: Garnier frères, 1852.
Saint-Foix, Germain François Poillain de. “Lettre de M. de Saint-Foix au sujet de l’Homme au masque de fer.” l’Année littéraire, 1768, tome IV.
Saint-Foix, Germain François Poillain de. “Lettre de M. de Saint-Foix à l’auteur des ces Feuilles sur l’Homme au Masque de Fer.” l’Année littéraire, 1768, tome V.
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy. Mémoires complètes et authentiques de duc de Saint-Simon, ed. A Chéruel and A. Régnier, fils. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie, 1873–1886.
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy. Mémoires complètes et authentiques de duc de Saint-Simon… collationnés sur le manuscrit original par M. Chéruel, edited by M. Sainte-Beuve. Paris: Librairie de L. Hachette et Cie, 1858.
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy. Memoirs of the duc de Saint-Simon on the times of the regency, translated and edited by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. Boston: Hardy, Pratt & Company, 1902.
Sandars, Mary F. Lauzun: Courtier and Adventurer. The Life of a Friend of Louis XIV. New York: Brentano’s, 1909.
Savine, Albert. La Vie á la Bastille: Souvenirs d’un prisonnier. Paris: Louis-Michaud, 1908.
Scheichl, Franz. Der Malteserritter und general-leutnant Jakob Bretel von Grémonville, der Gesandte Ludwigs der Vierzehnten am Wiener Hofe von 1664 bis 1673, der Mann mit der schwarzen Maske. 1914.
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal. Recueil des Lettres. Paris: Chez Rollin, 1754.
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal. Lettres de Mme de Sévigné, de sa famille et de ses amis. Paris: J. J. Blaise, 1818.
Somerset, Anne. The Affair of the Poisons: Murder, Infanticide & Satanism at the Court of Louis XIV. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003.
Sonnino, Paul. The Search for the Man in the Iron Mask: A Historical Detective Story. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016.
Sourches, marquis de. Mémoires du marquis de Sourches sur le règne de Louis XIV. Paris: Librairie Hachette et Cie, 1884.
Thompson, Harry. The Man in the Iron Mask: An Historical Detective Investigation, revised and updated edition. London: New English Library, 1990.
Topin, Marius. The Man with the Iron Mask, translated and edited by Henry Vizetelly. London: Smith, Elder and Co., 1870.
Voltaire. The Age of Louis XIV. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd; New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. Inc., 1935.
Voltaire. Dictionnaire philosophique. Paris: Imprimerie de Crosse et Gaultier-Laguionie, 1838.
Voltaire. Les Œuvres complètes de Voltaire, t. 13C, Siècle de Louis XIV, chapitres 25–30 ed. Venturino. Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation, 2016.
Voltaire. Questions sur l’encyclopédie par les amateurs. Geneva: s.n., 1770–1771.
Voltaire. Supplément au Siècle de Louis XIV. Dresden: Chez George Conrad Walther, 1753.
Wade, Isa O. Intellectual Development of Voltaire. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2015.
Wilkinson, Josephine. Louis XIV: The Power and the Glory. New York: Pegasus Books Ltd., 2019.
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or ph
rase, use your reading system’s search function.
A
Affair of the Poisons, 118, 215
Agde, bishop of (Louis Foucquet), 67, 103, 115, 147, 149
Ambelain, Robert, 225–26
Anne of Austria, 6, 197, 199, 201–2, 205–6, 213–14, 217
Archives de la Bastille (Ravaisson), 210
Arlington, Lord, 227, 229–30
Aubriot, Hugues, 169
Auger (surgeon), 215–17
Auger, Eustache. See Eustache
B
Barail, 40, 65, 71, 100, 123, 125, 253–54n1
Barbezieux, marquis de (Louis Le Tellier), 154–55, 157–62, 165–66, 168, 201–2, 231–32
Barillon, Jean-Jacques de, 6
Barnes, Arthur Stapleton, 133, 210–11
Bastille, 164, 168–70, 173, 184–85, 194; archives at, 199, 208–10; becomes a prison, 170; and new prisoners, 172; security at, 170–71, 175, 202
Bastille dévoilée, La (Charpentier), 202
Batz-Castelmore, Charles Ogier de (comte d’Artagnan). See d’Artagnan, comte (Charles Ogier de Batz-Castelmore)
Bautru, Mlle de, 74
Bazinière, seigneur de la (Macé Bertrand), 173
Beaufort, duc de, as possible Eustache, 150, 189, 191, 196
Bernaville, Charles de Fournier de, 187–88
Berthaud (mason), 173
Besmaux, marquis de (François de Monlezun), 164–65, 173, 223
Blainvilliers, Gilles de Byot de, 5, 7
Blainvilliers, Zachée de Byot de, 7, 94, 125, 127, 193–94
Bontemps (valet), 32
Bourbon (town), 124–26
Bourgogne, duc de, 190
Boutry, Maurice, 211
Buckingham, duke of (George Villiers), 201–2
Bulgarini, Carlo, 86–87
Bussy-Rabutin, comte de (Roger de Rabutin), 113–15, 118, 214
Butticari, Bernardino, 51–52, 121, 221, 251n5
Byot, Zachée de. See Blainvilliers, Zachée de Byot de
C
Caire, Bernard, 218
Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette de, 207–8, 223
Cardel, Paul, 151–52, 155–56, 162, 221–22
Carey, Edith F., 211
Carrière, Mme, 45–46
Casale (town), 85–86, 88, 90–92, 94, 133, 255n3
Castellane, marquis de, 203
Catherine of Braganza, Infanta (Portugal), 11–12
Catinat, Nicolas de (aka Richemont), 90, 92–95, 133, 158, 166
Caumartin, Louis-Urbain Lefebore de, 184, 188
Caumont, Jacques de, 71
Cavoye, Eustache Dauger de, 213–15, 217–18
Cavoye, François Dauger de, 213, 216–17
Cavoye, Louis de, 213, 215–18
Cavoye, Marie de Lort de Sérignan de, 213–16
Cavoye (Dauger/d’Oger) family, 213–17
Cha-Abas I, legend of, 181–82
Chamillart, Marie-Thérèse, 188
Chamillart, Michel de, 187–89, 202, 268n8
Champagne (valet), 18, 22–23, 57–58, 104, 119, 218
Channoy, sieur de, 128, 130–31
Charles II (England), 11–12, 191, 211, 227, 232; conversion to Catholicism of, 227–29; negotiations with France by, 228–31, 233
Charles II (Spain), 88, 90, 211, 255n7
Charles IV. See Mantua, duke of
Charles VI (France), 170, 266n8
Charpentier (author), 202, 208
Chevalier, Henri Godillon–, 199, 202
chimney hole, dug by Lauzun, 61–63, 106–9, 120, 122
Choiseul, duc de, 203
Christina of Sweden, 211
Clarendon, Earl of (Edward Hyde), 12, 245n3
Clifford, Thomas, 227
Cloche, James Stuart de la, 211
Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 33, 54–55, 59, 115–16, 123, 216, 229, 267n24
Condé, prince de, 66
Courtilz de Sandras, Gatien, 62–63, 223
Cromwell, as possible father of Eustache, 150, 189
D
Dampierre, seigneur de (Pierre de Bussy), 141, 143–44, 147
Danger, Eustache. See Eustache
d’Angers, Eustache. See Eustache
Dangers, Eustache. See Eustache
d’Angleterre, Henriette. See d’Orléans, duchesse (Henriette d’Angleterre)
d’Argens, marquis, 188
d’Argenson, M., 195
d’Artagnan, comte (Charles Ogier de Batz-Castelmore), 5, 13–15, 27, 40–41, 71, 133, 150, 211, 220, 245n11
d’Artagnan, Pierre de Montesquieu, 40, 249n35
d’Asfeld, Baron (Alexis Bidal), 90, 92
d’Auger, Eustache. See Eustache
Dauger, Eustache. See Eustache
Delort, Joseph, 209
Demorezan, Françoise Collot (Mme Louis), 7
Demorezan, Louis, 7
d’Estrades, Godefroy, 4
d’Estrades, Jean-François (abbé de Moissac), 86–89, 91–95, 102, 131, 166
d’Herleville, Mme, 102
d’Herleville, marquis, 102, 129, 157
diamond ring, 127
Dictionnaire philosophique (Voltaire), 196
Diderot, 204
Donane, comte de, 52
d’Orléans, duc (Philippe), 199, 202, 204, 215, 227, 230
d’Orléans, duchesse (Henriette d’Angleterre), 193–94, 211, 215, 222, 227–33, 272n35
d’Orléans, Marie-Louise, 211
DuBos, Jean-Baptiste, 184
Dubreuil (comte du Breuil), 65–66, 94, 154–55; arrest and journey of, 66; conditions of imprisonment of, 66–70, 96, 122, 131; correspondence with, 67; insanity of, 96, 122; and religion, 67
Dubuisson (prisoner), 190
Duchêne, Jacqueline, 230
Du Junca, Etienne, 172–75, 178, 194, 199, 204, 224, 266nn16, 22, 267n23
Dumas, Alexandre, 5, 210
Du Prat de la Bastie, 133
Duras, duc de (Jacques Henri de Dufort), 47
Dutch War, 38–39, 45, 48, 59, 77, 226–28
Dutens, Louis, 203–4
Duvivier, Maurice, 115–16, 213, 215–17, 226
E
Elisabeth-Charlotte, duchesse, 179
Ellis, George Agar, 133
Escures, Père des, 125
Etraud, Jacques, 14
Eustache, 1–3, 29, 55–56, 59, 121, 154–56, 162–64, 265n44; age of, 196–97, 219; arrest and journey of (1669), 2–4, 191, 210, 215, 217, 220, 225–26; as brother of Louis XIV alleged, 197–99, 201, 205–8, 210, 232; burial of, 176–77, 194, 199, 204, 232; communication with attempted, 23; communication with forbidden, 1–3, 8, 23–24, 83, 110, 135–36, 138–40, 145, 147, 150; communication with permitted, 221; curiosity about, 146–47, 168; death of (1703), 176, 178, 194, 199, 232; description of, 180, 187–88, 193–94, 202; and drugs, 113, 119, 215, 233; as French subject, 225; speculations about identity of, 179–80, 189–92, 196–208, 210–19, 270n35; illnesses of, 19–20, 26–27, 119, 139, 146; importance of, 166–68, 188–89, 193, 224, 232–33; cause of imprisonment, 224–26, 229, 231, 233; and Lauzun, 62–63, 109–10, 231; mask of, 147–48, 173, 176, 178–79, 193–96, 216–17, 222–24; name of, 210–12, 218–19; name use forbidden, 147–48, 185–86, 195; as poisoner of Foucquet, 113, 115–16, 119, 215–16; possessions of, 149, 195, 199, 202, 225, 271n22; prison routine of, 19–20, 49, 55–56, 160; publicity about, 147–49, 224; quarters of at Bastille, 169, 173–75; quarters of at Exilles, 134, 136, 168–69, 174; quarters of at Pignerol, 1–2, 8, 24–25, 60, 70, 109–10, 168, 220, 231; quarters of on Sainte-Marguerite, 145, 149–50, 152, 160, 169, 174–75, 200; and religion, 137, 176, 195, 212–13, 225; restrictions on, 1–2, 83, 109–10; and secret knowledge, 79–81, 109, 120, 174, 195, 202, 220, 224, 231–32; and transfer of to Bastille, 166, 168, 172–74, 180, 193–94; and transfer of to Exilles, 130–31, 134, 155, 231; and transfer of to Sainte-Marguerite, 143, 146–48, 150; as twin of Louis XIV alleged, 205–8, 210, 232; as valet, 2, 225–26, 233; as valet to Foucquet, 58–60, 76, 79–83,
96, 101, 104, 109–10, 115–16, 119, 121, 138, 155, 211–13, 221, 226, 231
Exilles (fortress/prison), 129–30, 132, 134, 158, 262n36; security at, 132, 134–39, 142
F
Favre, sieur, 203
Feuillade, maréchal (duc) de la (Louis d’Aubuisson), 187–88, 202, 268n10
Formanoir de Corbest, Guillaume de, 172, 190, 192, 266n14
Formanoir de Palteau, Guillaume-Louis. See Palteau, Guillaume-Louis Formanoir de
Foucquet, Basile, 115, 118
Foucquet, Charles Armand, 100, 103
Foucquet, Gilles, 99, 101, 103
Foucquet, Louis, 100–101, 168, 186, 224
Foucquet, Louis Nicolas. See Vaux, vicomte de
Foucquet, Marie de Maupeou, 100, 260nn37, 39
Foucquet, Marie-Madeleine, 100–101, 103, 105–6, 108–9, 119; courtship of by Lauzun, 105–6, 118
Foucquet, Marie-Madeleine de Castile, 45–46, 57, 77–78, 82–83, 99–101, 103, 117–18, 224, 250n55
Foucquet, Nicolas, 24–25, 44, 50, 61–62, 149, 173, 184, 188–89, 209–10, 224, 245nn5, 11, 270n36; biography of, 211–12; burial of, 108, 260n37; conditions of imprisonment improved, 75–77, 81–84, 98, 100–101, 117; correspondence with, 45–46, 55, 57, 78–81, 98–99, 117–18, 135–36, 150; death of, 108, 113, 115, 118, 121, 167, 232; and depression, 118; diplomacy by, 11–12; family of, 70–71, 77–78, 82, 99–101, 103, 105–6, 166–67, 224; and finances, 9–10, 12, 54–55, 115, 117; illicit activities by, 17–21, 44, 161; illnesses of, 13–14, 19, 26–27, 54, 57, 76, 103, 106, 108, 117–18, 134; and invisible ink, 17–18, 112–13, 119, 134; journey to prison of, 12–14, 220; opinion of Lauzun, 62, 100, 105–6; outside walks permitted for, 75–77, 81–83, 102; pharmacy skills of, 119, 260n39; poisoning of speculated, 113–18, 215–16; prison routine of, 57–58; provisions for, 28, 60, 70; quarrel of with Lauzun, 105–6, 116, 118–19; quarters of, 15, 17, 22, 28, 60, 70, 110; release of speculated, 106, 108, 114–17; and religion, 19, 24–25, 28, 30, 45, 48, 57, 225; rescue attempt for, 22, 24; restrictions on, 15–16, 18–20, 22, 28, 76, 102–3; trial of, 11–12, 14, 21, 108; valets of, 16–18, 20, 22–24, 26–27, 29–30, 42–43, 48, 57–60, 62–63, 76–77, 79–80, 82, 96, 101, 104, 109–10, 115, 117, 119–21, 138, 155, 174, 190, 211, 213, 218–21, 224, 226, 231; visits to, 99–103, 106, 166; writings of, 17–19, 112–13, 259n10
The Man in the Iron Mask Page 29