by Ron Chernow
42. Ibid., 10:401.
43 . Brookhiser, Founding Father, 84.
44 . PWP, 10:410. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, May 23, 1792.
45. Ibid., 10:412.
46 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 401.
47 . PWP, 10:479. Letter from James Madison, June 20, 1792.
48 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 402.
49 . PWP, 10:535. “Jefferson’s Conversation with Washington,” July 10, 1792.
50. Ibid., 10:536.
51 . Ibid., 558. Letter from Tobias Lear, July 21, 1792.
52 . Ibid., 10:624. Letter from Tobias Lear, August 5, 1792.
53 . Ibid., 10:631. Letter from Edmund Randolph, August 5, 1792.
54 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 403.
55 . WWR,809. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 29, 1792.
56. Ibid., 811.
57 . PWP,10:594. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, July 30, 1792.
58 . Ibid., 11:12-13. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, August 18, 1792.
59 . Ibid., 11:45-46. Letter to Edmund Randolph, August 26, 1792.
60 . WWR,819. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 26, 1792.
61 . Ibid.
62 . Ibid., 820.
63 . Ibid., 818. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, August 23, 1792.
64 . PWP, 11:92. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, September 9, 1792.
65 . Ibid.
66 . Ibid., 11:104. Letter from Thomas Jefferson, September 9, 1792.
67 . Ibid., 11:182. “Thomas Jefferson’s Conversation with Washington,” October 1, 1792.
68. Ibid., 11:183.
69 . Ibid.
70 . Ibid. 11:183-84.
71. Ibid., 11:184.
72 . Ibid.
73. Ibid., 11:185.
74. Ibid.
75 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 408.
76 . PWP,11:396. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, November 17, 1792.
CHAPTER FIFTY-SIX: CITIZEN GENET
1 . PWP, 12:30. Letter to Henry Lee, January 20, 1793.
2 . Ibid., 11:511. “Thomas Jefferson’s Conversations with Washington,” December 13, 1792.
3 . Ibid., 13:472. Letter from William Gordon, August 17, 1793.
4 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 424.
5 . PWCF,6:355. Letter to Mathew Carey, June 25, 1788.
6 . PWP, 11:245. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, October 20, 1792.
7 . Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 302.
8 . PWP, 12:106. “Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on a Conversation with Washington,” February 7, 1793.
9 . Schiff, Great Improvisation, 406.
10 . Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 30.
11 . PWRT,1:408. Letter to William Gordon, October 15, 1797.
12 . WWF,17:225. Letter to Governor William Livingston, December 7, 1779.
13 . PWP, 13:261. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793.
14 . WWR,834-35. Letter to Frances Bassett Washington, February 24, 1793.
15 . PWP,12:363. Letter to David Humphreys, March 23, 1793.
16 . Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 217.
17 . PWP, 12:242. “Cabinet Opinion on the Administration of the Presidential Oath,” March 1, 1793.
18. Ibid., 12:265.
19 . Ibid., 10:115-16. Letter from Lafayette, March 15, 1792.
20 . Unger, Lafayette, 281.
21. Ibid., 285.
22 . PWP, 11:205. Letter from Madame de Lafayette, October 8, 1792.
23 . Unger, Lafayette, 292.
24 . PWP, 12:331. Letter to Madame Lafayette, March 16, 1793.
25 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 108-9.
26 . Ellis, American Creation, 189.
27. Ibid.
28 . Ketcham, James Madison, 339.
29 . WWF, 33:414. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, June 25, 1794.
30 . WWR,836. Letter to Gouverneur Morris, March 25, 1793.
31 . Ibid., 837. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, April 12, 1793. 32 . PWP, 12:529. “Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on a Cabinet Meeting,” May 6, 1793.
33 . Ibid.
34 . Ibid., 12:472-73. “Neutrality Proclamation,” April 22, 1793.
35 . Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 436.
36 . Adam Cohen, “Congress, the Constitution and War,” New York Times, January 29, 2007.
37 . Ellis, American Creation, 191.
38. Ibid., 188.
39 . PWP, 11:593. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, January 6, 1793.
40 . Ibid., 12:393. “Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the Opinions Regarding the Reception of Edmond Genet,” March 30, 1793.
41 . Wills, Cincinnatus, 95.
42 . PWP, 12:648.
43. Ibid., 13:19.
44 . Ellis, American Creation, 183.
45 . Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 125.
46 . PWP, 13:145. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, June 25, 1793.
47 . Ellis, American Creation, 192.
48 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 105.
49 . PWP, 13:187. “Memorandum from Alexander Hamilton and Henry Knox,” July 8, 1793.
50 . Chinard, George Washington as the French Knew Him, 105.
51 . PWP, 13:175.
52 . WWR,841. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793.
53 . PWP, 13:211. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 11, 1793.
54 . WWR,841. Letter to Henry Lee, July 21, 1793.
55. PWP, 13:392. “From Supreme Court Justices,” August 8, 1793.
56. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 219.
57. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 346.
58. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 444.
59. Ellis, American Creation, 191.
60. Ketcham, James Madison, 343.
61. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 445.
62. Callahan, Henry Knox, 294.
63. PWP 13:312.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid.
66. Freeman, George Washington, 7:131.
67. WWR,553. Letter to Benjamin Harrison, January 18, 1784.
68. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, 132.
CHAPTER FIFTY-SEVEN: BRING OUT YOUR DEAD
1. Cappon, Adams-Jefferson Letters, 347.
2. PWP, 13:297. Letter to Frances Bassett Washington, July 29, 1793.
3. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 221.
4. Brady, Martha Washington, 198.
5. PWP, 14:54. Letter from Elizabeth Willing Powel, September 9, 1793.
6. Maxey, Portrait of Elizabeth Willing Powel, 36.
7. PWP, 14:113. Letter from Henry Knox, September 18,1793.
8. WWF, 33:125. Letter to James Madison, October 14, 1793.
9. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 452.
10. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 222.
11. WWR, 848. “Fifth Annual Message to Congress,” December 3, 1793.
12. Bordewich, Washington, 105.
13. PWP, 10:562. Letter to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, July 23, 1792.
14. WWR, 815. Letter to Tobias Lear, July 30, 1792.
15. PWP, 12:250-51. Letter to the Commissioners for the District of Columbia, March 3, 1793.
16. Bordewich, Washington, 151
17. McCammant, George Washington the Mason, 13.
18. WWF, 33:441. Letter to Thomas Sim Lee, July 25, 1794.
19. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 143.
20. PWP, 11:489. Letter to Anthony Whitting, December 9, 1792.
21. Ibid., 11:595. Letter to Anthony Whitting, January 6, 1793.
22. Ibid., 12:339. Letter to Frances Bassett Washington, March 17, 1793.
23. Ibid., 12:352. Letter from Anthony Whitting, March 20, 1793.
24. Ibid., 13:108. Letter from Tobias Lear, June 19, 1793.
25. Ibid., 13:263. Letter to William Tilghman, July 21, 1793.
26. WWF,33:192. Letter to William Pearce, December 18, 1793.
27. Ibid., 33:240. Letter to William Pearce, January 12, 1794.
28. Ibid., 33:191. Letter
to William Pearce, December 18, 1793.
29. Ibid., 33:193.
30. Ibid., 33:194.
31. Ibid., 33:132. Letter to Governor Henry Lee, October 16, 1793.
32. PWP, 14:595-96. Letter to Hiland Crow, December 23, 1793.
33. Wiencek, Imperfect God, 125.
34. PWP, 14:605. Letter to Henry McCoy, December 23, 1793.
35. Ibid., 14:605-6.
36. PWP, 14:598-99. Letter to Thomas Green, December 23, 1793.
37. PWP, 14:597. Letter to John Christian Ehlers, December 23, 1793.
38. WWR., 868. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 6, 1794.
39. Ibid., 856. Letter to Arthur Young, December 12, 1793.
40. Ibid., 852.
41. Ibid, 1120. Letter to Arthur Young, November 9, 1794.
42. Ibid., 868. Letter to Tobias Lear, May 6, 1794.
43. Ibid., 900. Letter to Alexander Spotswood, November 23, 1794.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid.
46. PWP, 9:156. Letter to Charles Pinckney, November 8, 1791.
47. Hochschild, Bury the Chains, 263.
48. Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, 100.
CHAPTER FIFTY-EIGHT: HERCULES IN THE FIELD
1. Brady, Martha Washington, 200.
2. Ellis, American Creation, 192.
3. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 453.
4. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, 137.
5. Ellis, American Creation, 196.
6. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 454.
7. Nelson, Thomas Paine, 216.
8. Schutz and Adair, Spur of Fame, 93.
9. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington, 150.
10. Callahan, Henry Knox, 343.
11. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 453.
12. WWR,1121.
13. Ibid., 878. Letter to Henry Lee, August 26, 1794.
14. Ibid., 952. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 6, 1796.
15. Custis, Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, 216.
16. Oren, “How to Deal with Pirates,” Wall Street Journal, November 22-23, 2008.
17. Schama, Citizens, 791.
18. PWP, 14:229. Letter from Gouverneur Morris, October 18, 1793.
19. Winik, Great Upheaval, 512.
20. Gilmour, “Liberty, Equality, Fratricide,” New York Times Book Review, May 7, 2006.
21. Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers, 1:236.
22. WWF,33:310. Letter to Governor George Clinton, March 31, 1794.
23. Wood, Empire of Liberty, 196.
24. Burr, Political Correspondence and Public Papers, 1:177.
25. WWR,880. Letter to John Jay, August 30, 1794.
26. WWF, 33:411. Letter to the Secretary of War, June 25, 1794.
27. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 271.
28. Decatur, Private Affairs of George Washington, 174.
29. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 16.
30. Callahan, Henry Knox, 324.
31. WWR,893. “Sixth Annual Message to Congress,” November 19, 1794.
32. Callahan, Henry Knox, 336.
33. WWR,904. Letter to Edmund Pendleton, January 22, 1795.
34. Ibid., 957. “Address to the Cherokee Nation,” August 29, 1796.
35. PWP, 11:76. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, September 7, 1792.
36. WWR,874. Letter to Charles Mynn Thruston, August 10, 1794.
37. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 86.
38. WWF,33:461. “Proclamation,” August 7, 1794.
39. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 471.
40. Ibid.
41. WWR,876. Letter to Henry Lee, August 26, 1794.
42. Ibid.
43. PWP, 11:59. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, September 1, 1792.
44. Miles, George and Martha Washington, 29.
45. WWF, 33:507-8. “Proclamation,” September 25, 1794.
46. Ibid., 33:508.
47. Fields, “Worthy Partner,” 277.
48. WFF, 33:516-17. Letter to the Secretary of War, September 30, 1794.
49. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 471.
50. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, 147.
CHAPTER FIFTY-NINE: CROWNS AND CORONETS
1. Diaries,6:180. Diary entry for October 3, 1794.
2. Ibid. 6:182.
3. Ibid.
4. WWF,33:521. Letter to the Secretary of State, October 6, 1794.
5. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 475.
6. Callahan,Henry Knox, 309.
7. WWF, 33:524. Letter to the Secretary of War, October 9, 1794.
8. Ibid., 519. “To the Inhabitants of the Borough of Carlisle,” October 6, 1794.
9. Diaries,6:188.
10. DiariesA,396. Diary entry for October 6-12, 1794.
11. Ibid., 397.
12. WWR,886. Letter to Edmund Randolph, October 16, 1794.
13. Diaries,6:190. Diary entry for October 13, 1794. 14 . DiariesA,398. Diary entry for October 17-18, 1794.
15. Diaries,6:194.
16. Ibid., 6:196.
17. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 475.
18. WWR,888. “Sixth Annual Message to Congress,” November 19, 1794.
19. Ketcham, James Madison, 354.
20. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 89.
21. Ketcham, James Madison, 355.
22. Ibid.
23. Hitchens, Thomas Jefferson, 105.
24. WWF,34:109. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 2, 1795.
25. Callahan, Henry Knox, 311.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., 312.
28. WWR,903. Letter to Edmund Pendleton, January 22, 1795.
CHAPTER SIXTY: MAD DOG
1. WWF,34:16. Letter to John Jay, November 1, 1794.
2. Ibid.
3. WWR,913. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 3, 1795.
4. Freeman, George Washington, 7:257.
5. Stahr, John Jay, 336.
6. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 487.
7. Ibid.
8. WWF,34:254. “Letter Book,” August 1 and 25, 1795.
9. Ibid., 262. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 29, 1795.
10. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 227.
11. WWF, 34:251. Letter to the Secretary of War, July 27, 1795.
12. Ibid., 264. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, July 29, 1795.
13. Ibid., 262.
14. Diaries,6:208.
15. Freeman, George Washington, 7:282.
16. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, 164.
17. Freeman, George Washington, 7:279.
18. WWF 34:276. Letter to the Secretaries of the Treasury and War, August 12-18, 1795.
19. Freeman, George Washington, 7:293.
20. Randolph, Vindication of Edmund Randolph, 1.
21. Freeman, George Washington, 7:294-95.
22. Randolph, Vindication of Edmund Randolph, 2.
23. WWF,34:321. Letter to the Secretary of the Treasury, October 2, 1795.
24. Ibid., 34:340. Letter to Edmund Randolph, October 21, 1795.
25. Ibid., 34:344. Letter to Edmund Randolph, October 25, 1795.
26. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:263.
27. Brookhiser, Founding Father, 117.
28. WWF,34:404. Letter from Alexander Hamilton, December 24, 1795.
29. Freeman, George Washington, 7:335.
30. WWF,34:279. Letter to John Adams, August 20, 1795.
31. Burns and Dunn, George Washington, 115.
32. WWR,918. Letter to Patrick Henry, October 9, 1795.
33. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 504.
34. Ibid.
35. WWF,26:349. Letter to James Madison, April 22, 1783.
36. PWRT, 2:500. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, August 9, 1798.
37. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:263.
38. Smith, John Marshall, 598.
39. WWF, 34:288. Letter to John Marshall, August 26, 1795.
40. Ibid., 34:318. Letter to Edward Carrington
, September 28, 1795.
41. Ibid., 35:277. Letter to Charles Lee, November 14, 1796.
42. Ibid., 34:375. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, November 23, 1795.
43. Ibid., 34:299-300. Letter to George Cabot, September 7, 1795.
44. Freeman, George Washington, 7:304.
45. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 230.
46. WWF, 34:404. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, December 22, 1795.
47. Ibid., 34:425. Letter to James Madison, January 22, 1796.
48. Ibid., 34:462. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, February 13, 1796.
49. Unger, Unexpected George Washington, 231.
50. WWF,34:473. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, February 20, 1796.
51. Ibid., 34:486. Letter to James Madison, March 6, 1796.
52. Ibid., 35:62. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, May 22, 1796.
53. PWRT, 1:209. Letter to Ségur, June 24, 1797.
54. Lee, Experiencing Mount Vernon, 62.
55. Ibid.
56. Unger, Lafayette, 245.
CHAPTER SIXTY-ONE: THE COLOSSUS OF THE PEOPLE
1. WWR,933. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, March 31, 1796.
2. Ibid., 934.
3. Ibid., 931. “ To the House of Representatives,” March 30, 1796.
4. Freeman, George Washington, 7:376.
5. WWF,35:62. Letter to Thomas Pinckney, May 22, 1796.
6. McDonald, Presidency of George Washington, 173.
7. Ellis, American Creation, 200.
8. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 499.
9. Ellis, American Creation, 200.
10. Ibid.
11. WWF,35:30. Letter to Charles Carroll, May 1, 1796.
12. Chernow, Alexander Hamilton, 499.
13. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:269.
14. Ibid., 268.
15. WWR,952. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 6, 1796.
16. Ibid., 952.
17. Malone, Jefferson and His Time, 3:270.
18. WWR,951-52. Letter to Thomas Jefferson, July 6, 1796.
19. Ibid., 952.
20. Thompson, Memorandum for the Martha Washington Anniversary Committee, 18.
21. PWRT, 2:176. “Comments on Monroe’s A View of the Conduct of the Executive in the Foreign Affairs of the United States,” ca. March 1798.
22. WWR,936. Letter to Alexander Hamilton, May 8, 1796.
23. WWF, 15:199. Letter to Archibald Cary, ca. May 1779.
24. Rosenfeld, American Aurora, 34.
25. Henriques, Realistic Visionary, 121.
26. Monroe, View of the Conduct of the Executive, liv.
27. Ibid., xlviii.
28. Ibid., xxx.
29. Paine, Complete Writings of Thomas Paine, 705.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., 695.