Parkes, Bessie Rayner, 74, 79, 141
Parliament: Infant Custody Bill, 39–40; and the campaign against the Contagious Diseases Acts, 185, 190, 191, 192, 198
Peel, Sir Robert, 44
Pennsylvania Magazine, 207–8
Philadelphia, 67, 69, 71, 298, 302
Philadelphia Medical School, 67
Philadelphia University, 68
Pincus, Dr Gregory, 271
Pittsburgh, 262, 294–5
Place, Francis, 242, 243
Poland, 281, 309
Pontefract by-election (1872), 186–7
Poor Law, 122
Privy Council, 123
property rights, law reform, 47, 48, 51
prostitution, 178–9; Contagious Diseases Acts, 170–1, 181–93, 198–201; child prostitution, 193–5
Quakers, 62, 75, 76, 212, 220, 222
Quarterly Review, 148
Queens’ College, 144–5, 146
Rabinowitz, Mr, 263–4
Ramsay, Agnata, 158
Randall’s Island, 77
Reitman, Ben, 309–10, 311–13, 315
Revolution, 228
Richardson, Anna, 141
Roby, Mr, 147, 160
Rogers, Samuel, 22
Rome, 102, 191
Russell, William, 108
Russia, 281, 294, 313
Russian Revolution, 313
Rutgers, Dr, 259–60
St Bartholomew’s Hospital, 74, 123
St John’s, Cambridge, 147
St Lazare, Paris, 191, 199
St Pancras Public Baths, 161
St Petersburg, 283–4
St Thomas’s Hospital, 114–15, 128
Salisbury Infirmary, 101–2
San Francisco, 302–3
Sanger, Ethel, 248, 257, 264, 265
Sanger, Grant, 250, 251, 252, 257, 260–1, 266, 267, 268–9
Sanger, Margaret, 3, 4, 241–76, 281, 320; attitude to men, 4; marriage, 7, 249–51, 252, 254, 259, 286–7; appearance, 8, 262–3; relations with her parents, 9, 246, 248; childhood, 245–7; and the birth control movement, 245, 251–74; education, 247; nursing, 248–9; Family Limitation, 255–6, 257, 261; children, 257–8, 268–9; threatened trial, 261, 262; clinics, 263–5, 267–8, 270; trial and imprisonment, 265–6; Woman and the New Race, 266–7, 270; attitude to feminism, 267, 271–5; The Pivot of Civilization, 269–70; second marriage, 269; and Catholic Church, 269–70, 272; feminists’ attitude to, 271–3; view of marriage, 285
Sanger, Mary, 247, 257
Sanger, Nan, 247, 257
Sanger, Peggy, 250, 251, 257, 258, 260–2
Sanger, Stuart, 250, 251, 252, 257, 261
Sanger, William, 7, 249–55, 257, 259, 261, 268, 269
Satirist, 29
Savonarola, Girolamo, 122
School for Clergymen’s Daughters, Casterton, 134
Schoolmistresses’ Association, 149
Schools Commission Board, 147
Schools Committee, 150
Scutari, 108, 109, 122
Select Committee on the Health of Towns, 102–3
Seneca Court Courier, 220
Seneca Falls, 217–18, 224
Seneca Falls Convention, 205, 207, 208, 220–3, 230, 234
sex: Counsel to Parents, 83–4; “double-standard”, 169–70, 198–9; campaign against Contagious Diseases Acts, 170–1, 181–93; campaign against child prostitution, 193–5; free love, 290–1, 303
Sexual Reform Congress (1921), 274
Seymour, Lord, 32
Shaftesbury, Lord, 193
Shatoff, Bill, 256
Shaw, George Bernard, 262
Shelley, Mary, 18, 36, 45
Sheridan family, 17–18, 21, 26–7, 30, 32
Sheridan, Charles, 17, 38, 39, 42
Sheridan, Georgiana (Lady Seymour), 17, 19, 23, 27
Sheridan, Helen, 17, 19, 20
Sheridan, Henrietta, 17, 18, 19, 21, 31–2, 33, 45
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 15, 17
Sheridan, Thomas, 17
The Shield, 187
Sidgwick, Henry, 162
Simon, Dr, 185–6
Sims, Dr, 64
slavery: anti-slavery movement, 58, 59, 208, 212, 214–15; abolition of, 227
Slee, Noah, 269, 270, 271
Smith, Gerrit, 211–12, 215, 227
Smith, Libby, 212
Social Science Association, 146–7
Socialists (USA), 251, 255
Society for Promoting the Employment of Women, 141–2
Somerville College, Oxford, 163–4
Soranos of Ephesus, 242, 243
South, J. F., 114
Southey, Robert, 44
Spanish Civil War, 314
Stanley, Lady, 36, 243
Stanley, Mary, 109
Stansfield, Sir James, 190
Stanton, Daniel, 216–17, 218
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 3, 4, 6, 57, 205–38, 321; attitude to men, 4; childhood, 8–9, 209–10; marriage, 6–7, 212–14, 215–16, 218–19, 225–6, 231, 233; on Josephine Butler, 183; attitude to feminism, 4, 206–7, 235–6; and women’s suffrage, 208–9, 221, 226–8, 230–8; relations with her father, 210, 234–5; education, 211; and the anti-slavery movement, 212, 214–15; children, 216–17, 218–19, 224–5, 228, 229, 233; and the Woman’s Rights movement, 220–38; last years, 233–4; grandchildren, 233; The History of Woman Suffrage, 236–7
Stanton, Gerrit Smith, 217
Stanton (Blatch), Harriot, 233
Stanton, Henry, 6–7, 212–21, 225–6, 228, 231, 233
Stanton, Mr (educ. Inspector), 135
Stanton, Theodore, 233, 237
Stead, W. H., 193–5, 199
Stirling, Sir William, 49
Stone, Lucy, 76, 230
Stopes, Marie, 256, 260, 271
Storks, Henry, 184, 186
The Stormbell, 197
Stuart, James, 144
suffrage: Florence Nightingale on, 94–5; Emily Davies and, 158–9; Josephine Butler on, 200–1; effect on feminism, 205–9, 279–80; Elizabeth Cady Stanton and, 221, 226–8, 230–8
Sumner, Charles, 23–4
Sutherland, Duchess of, 43
Swenson, Arthur, 315
Switzerland, 82, 192
syphilis, 69–70, 242
Talfourd, Serjeant-at-law, 34, 38, 39
Tankerville, Earl of, 31
Taunton Commission, 134–5, 147–8, 160, 164
Taylor, Harriet, 237
Taylor, Helen, 162
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 43, 85
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 24, 43, 104, 105
The Times, 32, 46, 108, 138
Tomkinson, H. R., 146
Torrance, Miss, 116
Train, George, 228
Tribune, 6, 263
Trinity College, Cambridge, 173, 188
Trollope, Anthony, 143
Troy Seminary, 211
Turgenev, Ivan, 283
Turner, J. M. W., 175
United States of America: women’s health, 64–5; Elizabeth Blackwell’s New York practice, 75, 76, 78–9; women doctors, 88; women’s suffrage, 207–9, 221, 226–8, 230–8; Woman’s Rights movement, 220–38; birth control movement, 243–5, 251–3, 254–7, 261–71
United States Army, 81
United States Congress, 208, 227, 231–2
universities: Emily Davies and women’s education, 149–58
Utah, female suffrage, 231
Vaughan, Margaret, 27–8, 38
venereal disease, 69–70, 170–1, 181–93, 200, 252, 263
Vemey, Sir Harry, 118, 119
Vemey, Margaret, 119
Victoria, Queen of England, 40, 43, 44, 111, 124, 159
Victoria Magazine, 163
Victorian Era Exhibition, 124
Vigilance Committee, 194
Wadleigh, Senator, 232
Wardroper, Mrs, 115, 116
Warrington, Dr, 67
Waterhouse, Mr, 155
Webster, Dr, 69, 73
Westbury, Lord, 48
Westminster Abbey, 124
Westminster Review, 237
White Plains Hospital, 248
Whitman, Walt, 212
Willard, Emma, 211
Winchester, 192–3, 196
Winchester Cathedral, 193, 194
Woller, 197–8
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 48, 140, 215
Wolstenholme Elmy, Mrs, 194
The Woman Rebel, 255, 256, 257
Women’s Commission, 252
Women’s Liberation movement, 317
Woman’s Loyal League, 227
Woman’s Rights movement: Elizabeth Blackwell and, 55–6, 57, 74; in the United States of America, 220–38
Wonersh Park, 18, 28, 30, 32–3, 38–9
Woolf, Virginia, 300
Wordsworth, William, 44
World Population conference, Geneva, 1927, 268
Wright, Martha, 219–20, 222
Wyoming, 207, 231
Zakrzewska, Maria, 76, 79, 80
Acknowledgements
I should like to acknowledge first and foremost the enthusiastic and efficient assistance of the staff of the Fawcett Library, and in particular of David Doughan, the Reference Librarian. This home of priceless feminist history archive material is in Calcutta House, City of London Polytechnic. It closely resembles the Black Hole of Calcutta. Scholars come in increasing numbers from all over the world and find they have to work in a small basement, with no natural light, at a mere dozen cramped old school desks and tables. The library deserves better premises but has to remain grateful for what it has.
I should also like to thank the ever helpful, well-informed staff of Sisterwrite, the feminist bookshop in Upper Street, Islington. It may seem unusual to acknowledge the help of a commercial concern, but tracking down feminist tracts, pamphlets and books is a difficult business even today and finding many of them stocked at Sisterwrite, or obtainable through them, has greatly assisted me. It is quite remarkable, for example, to find there a modern paperback reprint of works such as Elizabeth Blackwell’s Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women, written in 1895, and for so long unattainable.
In addition, and no less sincerely, I am indebted to several libraries: the British Library, especially the Department of Manuscripts; the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine; the Royal Free Hospital Library; the Library of Congress, Washington, especially the Manuscript Collection; Girton College; and the International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. The General Medical Council and the Equal Opportunities Commission have readily supplied me with statistics.
There are also thanks due to the following individuals: Nancy Sahli, for permission to quote from her definitive thesis on Elizabeth Blackwell; Joyce Prince, for allowing me to read her unpublished thesis on Florence Nightingale; Theodora Ooms, for photostating enormous numbers of manuscript letters and documents in the Library of Congress and mailing them to me; John Carrier (London School of Economics) for helping me to locate certain printed sources; Richard Evans (University of East Anglia) and James Macmillan (University of York) for so generously encouraging me at the start of this project when it must have been obvious to them that, as a complete beginner in a field they both know so well, I hardly knew what I was taking on; Carmen Callil for her vigorous encouragement at every stage; and lastly but vitally my publisher Tom Rosenthal and my editor Alison Samuel from whose painstaking attention I have greatly benefited.
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