“Our City Charities” (Fuller)
Oversoul
“Oversoul, The” (Emerson)
Owen, Robert Dale
Palfrey, John Gorham
Palmer, Joseph
Panic of 1837
Paradise Lost (Milton)
Paradise Within the Reach of All Men, The (Etzler)
Park, E. A.
Parker, Lydia
Parker, Theodore; abolitionism and; Brook Farm and; as Congregationalist minister;
Parker, Theodore (cont.) death of; Dial and; Emerson’s “Divinity School Address” and; “Historical Development of Religion” project of; John Brown and; as lecturer; Massachusetts Quarterly Review and; Mexican War and; as reformer; scholarship of; Transcendental Club and; Unitarian ministry of
Parsons, Theophilus
Paul, Saint
Paulist Fathers
Paulus, Heinrich
Peabody, Andrew Preston
Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer; Aesthetic Papers and; Alcott and; as bookstore owner and publisher; Brook Farm and; Channing and; Clapp and; Dall and; as Dial publisher; Emerson’s “Divinity School Address” and; Emerson’s “egotheism” and; Emerson’s Nature reviewed by; Fuller and; Greene and; kindergarten movement and; Kraitsir and; language theory and; as lecturer; Parker and; at Temple School; Transcendental Club and
Peabody, Ephraim
Peabody, Mary
Peabody, Nathaniel
Peabody, Sophia
Peirce, Charles Sanders
Personality of the Deity, The (Ware)
Peter Schlemiel in America (Wood)
phalansteries (phalanxes)
Phalanx
Phillips, Wendell
Philo: An Evangeliad (Judd)
Philosophical Miscellanies, Translated from the Works of Cousin, Jouffroy, and B. Constant (Ripley)
“Philosophy of History, The” (Emerson)
Philosophy of Man’s Spiritual Nature in Regard to the Foundation of Faith, The (Walker)
Pietists
Pilgrim’s Progress (Bunyan)
Pius IX, Pope
Planck, Gottleib Jakob
“Plan of the West Roxbury Community” (Peabody)
Plato
“Plea for Captain John Brown” (Thoreau)
Podbielski, Joseph
“Poet, The” (Emerson)
Poland
Polk, James K.
popular sovereignty
Porter, Noah
Positivism
poverty
Pragmatism
“Preliminary Essay” (Marsh)
Present
Present, The (Channing)
“Present Age, The” (Emerson)
“Prevalent Idea that Politeness is too great a Luxury to be given to the Poor” (Fuller)
Previous Question between Mr. Andrews Norton and His Alumni Moved and Handled, in a Letter to All Those Gentlemen, The (Parker)
Princeton University
prison reform
Prose Writers of Germany (Hedge)
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph
Prussia
psychology
Psychology, or A View of the Human Soul (Rauch)
Puritans, Puritanism
Putnam, George
Putnam, George Haven
Quincy, Josiah
Radical
Radical Club
Radical Creed, The (Wasson)
Raleigh, Walter
Rapp, George
Rationale of Religious Inquiry (Martineau)
rationalism
Rauch, Frederick
Raymond, Henry Jarvis
reason: Ripley’s emphasis on; understanding and
Recollections and Impressions (Frothingham)
“Recollections of Schleiermacher” (Lücke)
Record of a School (Peabody)
Redpath, James
Reed, Sampson; Emerson’s “Divinity School Address” and
Réfutation de l’eclecticisme (Leroux)
Reid, Thomas
Religion Considered in Its Origins, Forms, and Development (Constant)
Religion of Humanity, The (Frothingham)
Religious Union of Associationists
Remarks in Refutation of the Treatise of Jonathan Edwards on the Freedom of the Will (Greene)
Remarks on a Pamphlet Entitled “‘The Latest Form of Infidelity’ Examined” (Norton)
Remarks on the Four Gospels (Furness)
Representative Men (Emerson)
Republican Party
“Resistance to Civil Government” (Thoreau)
Richard Edney and the Governor’s Family, a Rus-Urban Tale (Judd)
Richter, Jean Paul
Ripley, Ezra
Ripley, George; Ballou and; Brook Farm and, see Brook Farm Institute of Agriculture and Education; Brownson and; Channing and; Christian Examiner and; Civil War and; Dial and; Elizabeth Peabody and; Emerson and; Emerson’s “Divinity School Address” and; Gospel miracles issue and; Greeley and; Harbinger and; Norton and; as reformer; Schleiermacher and; Specimens series of; Transcendental Club and; Transcendentalism defined by; as Unitarian minister
Ripley, Marianne
Ripley, Sophia
Ripley’s Letters to Mr. Norton
Robbins, Samuel
Roberts Brothers
Robespierre, Maximilien
Roebling, John A.
Roman Catholicism; Protestantism’s break with
Romantic movement
Rossini, Gioacchino
Round Hill School
Royer-Collard, Pierre-Paul
Russell, Amelia
Russell, William
Sacred Anthology (Conway)
St. Louis, Mo.
St. Louis Philosophical Society
Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri de
Sanborn, Franklin
Sand, George
Sand, Karl
Santayana, George
Sartor Resartus (Carlyle)
Saxton, J. A.
Saxton and Pierce
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von
Schlegel, A. W. von
Schleiermacher, Friedrich; Norton’s attack on; Parker and; Ripley and
Scott, Dred
Scott, Walter
Scriptural Interpreter
Second Letter to Mr. Andrews Norton (Ripley)
“Secret Six,”
Sedgwick, Catharine Maria
Selections from German Literature (Edwards and Park)
“Self-Reliance” (Emerson)
Seminole War
Semler, J. S.
Separatists
Sermon of the Mexican War (Parker)
Sermon of War (Parker)
Shackford, Charles
Shakers (United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing)
Shakespeare, William
Shaw, Lemuel
Shaw, Robert Gould
Shelley, Percy Bysshe
Significance of the Alphabet, The (Kraitsir)
Sims, Thomas
Sing Sing prison
Skaneateles Community
“Skepticism of the Present Age” (Jouffroy)
Sketches of Modern Philosophy (Murdock)
slavery
“Slavery in Massachusetts” (Thoreau)
Smith, Gerrit
Smithsonian Institution
Social Destiny of Man; or, Association and Reorganization of Industry (Brisbane)
socialism
Society at Amory Hall
Society for Philosophical Inquiry
Society for the Promotion of Christian Union and Progress
Society of the Friends of Progress
“Some Further Remarks on the Characteristics of the Modern German School of Infidelity” (Norton)
“Soul’s Errand, The” (Raleigh)
South-Boston Unitarian Ordination, The (Saxton and Pierce)
Specimens of Foreign Standard Literature (Ripley)
Spinoza, Baruch
Spirit of the Age
Spirit of the Age, The (Channing)
spiritualism, materialism’s reconciliation with
Spring, Marcus
Spring, Rebecca
Springfield Republican
Staël, Anne-Louise-Germaine de, Baronne de Staël-Holstein (Madame de Staël)
Stallo, John B.
Stanley, Edward, Lord
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady
Statement of Reasons for Not Believing the Doctrines of the Trinitarians (Norton)
Stearns, George Luther
Stedman, Edmund C.
Stetson, Caleb
Stewart, Dugald
Stollmeyer, C. F.
Stone, Thomas T.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher
Strauss, David Friedrich
Stuart, Moses
Studies in Religion (Clapp)
Sturgis, Caroline
Sturgis, Ellen
Sumner, Charles
Sumner, Horace
Sumner, William Graham
supernaturalism
Supreme Court, U.S.
Swedenborg, Emanuel
“Swedenborg; or, the Mystic” (Emerson)
Taney, Roger Brooke
Taylor, Bayard
Taylor, Zachary
temperance movement
Temple School; closing of; Elizabeth Peabody and
Temptations of the Times, The (Ripley)
Ten Great Religions, The (Clarke)
Texas
Theodore; or, the Skeptic’s Conversion (de Wette)
Théorie des quatre mouvements et des destinées générales (Fourier)
Thome, James
Thoreau, Cynthia
Thoreau, Henry David; abolitionist movement and; Alcott and; arrest of; Brook Farm and; civil disobedience and; death of brother of; Dial and; Emerson and; Etzler and; John Brown and; as lecturer; Mexican War and; Walden Pond and
Thoreau, John
Ticknor, George
Ticknor, William
Ticknor and Fields
“Times, The” (Emerson)
Tocqueville, Alexis de
Transcendental Club
Transcendentalism: Associationist movement and; Brownson’s dismissal of; as changing movement of the “like-minded,” Civil War and; consciousness as ethical fault line in; Cousin and; distinction between knowledge and faith in; divisions within; eclectics and; Ellis’s analysis of; Emerson’s assessment of; Emerson’s “Divinity School Address” and; Fourier and; Fries and,
Transcendentalism (cont.) ; Frothingham as memoirist of; Frothingham’s analysis of; German philosophy and; Greene’s criticism of; journals of; see also specific titles; Kraitsir and; literary impact of; Marsh’s contribution to; materialism rejected by; Murdock’s assessment of; nature and; as part of national mythology; public perception of; Reed’s disavowal of; reform movement and ; reinvigoration of Christian faith and; Ripley’s definition of; second-generation representatives of; solitude as element of; spiritual element in man as basis for; Swedenborg and; theological foundation of; Unitarianism and; varieties of; women and
Transcendentalism (Greene)
Transcendentalism in New England (Frothingham)
Transcendentalism of the Germans and of Cousin and Its Influence on Opinion in the Country (Norton)
“Transcendentalism” (Parker)
“Transcendentalist, The” (Emerson)
Trial of Theodore Parker for the “Misdemeanor” of A Speech in Faneuil Against Kidnapping … with the Defence (Parker)
Tribulation Periwinkle
Trinitarianism; Unitarianism’s doctrinal debate with
True Messiah, The (Oegger)
Tuckerman, Joseph
Twenty-eighth Congregational Society
Two Articles from the “Princeton Review” (Norton)
Ullmann, Karl
Underwood, Francis Henry
Unitarian Christianity (Channing)
Unitarianism; Brownson and; Buckminster’s contribution to; Calvinism and; Channing as foremost figure in; language in system of; miracles as basis of religious truth and; Parker and split within; radical theology and; Reed and; reform movement within; Ripley’s controversy with; Transcendentalism’s influence on; Trinitarianism’s doctrinal debate with
“Unity” (Wasson)
Universalism
Universal Library of Biblical Literature (Eichhorn)
“Uses of Intellectual Philosophy to the Preacher, The” (Judd)
Van Buren, Martin
Very, Jones
Vigilance Committee
Vigoureux, Clarisse
Wainwright, Jonathan Mayhew
Walden (Thoreau)
Walker, James
“Walk to Wachusett, A” (Thoreau)
Ward, Anna
Ware, Henry
Ware, Henry, Jr.
Ware, William
Warner, Charles Dudley
War of 1812
Wasson, David
Webster, Daniel
Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, A (Thoreau)
Weeks, Jordan, and Company
Weiss, John
Western Messenger
Weston, Louisa
Wheeler, Charles Stearns
Whig Party
Whitman, Walt
Whittier, John Greenleaf
Wiley, John
Wilkinson, James John Garth
Williams College
Willich, August
Wilson, William Dexter
“Winter Walk, A” (Thoreau)
Wollstonecraft, Mary
Woman in the Nineteenth Century (Fuller)
“Woman’s Right to Labor”; or, Low Wages and Hard Work; in Three Lectures (Dall)
women; Fourierism and; rights of
Wood, George
Words of a Believer (Brownson)
Wordsworth, William
Working Men’s Party
Wright, Frances (Fanny)
Yale University
Zoar community
Copyright © 2007 by Philip F. Gura
All rights reserved
Published in 2007 by Hill and Wang
First paperback edition, 2008
Hill and Wang
A division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux
18 West 18th Street, New York 10011
www.fsgbooks.com
Designed by Jonathan D. Lippincott
eISBN 9781429922883
First eBook Edition : April 2011
The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows: Gura, Philip F., 1950–
American transcendentalism : a history / Philip F. Gura.—1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8090-3477-2 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8090-3477-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Transcendentalism (New England) I. Title.
B905 .G87 2007
141’.30973—dc22
2007015344
Paperback ISBN-13: 978-0-8090-1644-0
Paperback ISBN-10: 0-8090-1644-3
The figure on the front cover is derived from that on the title page of William B. Greene’s Transcendentalism (1849) and combines symbols from various religious traditions. The central figure depicts the Zoroastrian “Farohar,” its outstretched hand signifying the human soul striving for union with God; the encircling ring symbolizes eternity. The snake represents mankind’s struggle with evil, and the three intersecting circles represent the Christian Trinity.
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