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A
ABC (TV network), 201, 205
Abramov, Lev, 9, 21, 37–38, 52–53, 62, 64, 276
Addison, William, 82
Agnew, Spiro, 230
Agustsson, Dadi, 164
Alekhine, Alexander, 35, 37, 40, 70–71, 73, 244, 310
Alekhine Memorial (tournament), 107
Alexander, C. H. O’D., 166, 209
Ali, Muhammad, 11, 301
All the President’s Men(film), 231
All-Union Chess Section, 36
Andersson, Benny, 308
Andrew, Christopher, 249
Andropov, Yuri, 261
Angola, 293
anti-Semitism, 26–27, 37, 61, 305, 306
Appolonov, General, 292
Arledge, Roone, 205
Armstrong, Herbert, 15
Arnarson, Ingolfur, 122
Arnlaugsson, Gudmundur, 174, 175, 242
Astavin, Sergei, 154, 184, 250, 256, 257
Atom Station, The(Laxness), 142–43
Auden, W. H., 122, 191
Augustin, Dadi, 241, 242
Auto-da-Fé(Canetti), 31–32
Averbakh, Yuri, 7, 19–20, 62, 68, 118, 120, 259, 289
B
Bakhtin, Mikhail, 59–60
Balashov, Yuri, 88
Baldursson, Curt, 178
Barden, Leonard, 148, 149, 227
Barreras, José Luis, 16
Baturinskii, Viktor, 56, 58, 62, 64–66, 68, 92, 95, 99, 104, 107–10, 114–17, 121, 147, 253, 255, 260, 265, 289–92
BBC, 70, 153–54, 227
Bebchuk, Yevgeni, 57, 67, 118
Beilin, Mikhail, 43, 54, 64, 65, 66, 103, 106, 113, 120, 121
Benko, Pal, 14, 82, 85
Benson, Harry, 246, 285
Bernstein, Carl, 231
Bernstein, Sid, 205
Bezold, Michael, 73, 303–4
Bisguier, Arthur, 13–14
Biyiasas, Peter, 302
Bjelica, Dimitri, 25, 26, 205, 244
Bjornsson, Thorsteinn, 164
Black Power, 11
Black September, 232
Boikov, V. I., 291
Boleslavskii, Isaac, 99, 113, 121, 182
Bolshevik revolution (1917), 35, 61
Bond, James (fictional character), 239
Bondarevskii, Igor, 40, 44–45, 63, 101, 102, 105–7, 114, 116–20, 166, 288–89, 294
Borzov, Valeri, 275
Botvinnik, Mikhail, 24, 40, 46, 64, 80, 107, 114, 121, 184, 225, 253, 287
analysis of Fischer’s play by, 88
Botvinnik, Mikhail
Soviet world chess championship and, 37, 38
Brady, Frank, 20–21, 24, 30, 182, 184
Brandt, Willy, 84
Brezhnev, Leonid, 50, 51–52, 55, 68, 102, 109, 110, 230, 261, 276–79, 292, 293
Bronstein, David, 12, 40, 53, 63, 208, 209, 240, 274
Brooklyn Chess Club, 6
Brothers Karamazov, The(Dostoyevsky), 60
Brown, Archie, 50, 52
Browne, Walter, 29
Bruk, Liubov, 87
Bubnov, Viktor, 260
Buchwald, Art, 271
Burke, James, 153, 154, 272
Bykova, Elizaveta, 255
Byrne, Donald, 7, 226
Byrne, Robert, 6, 23, 166, 192, 208, 221, 235, 236, 266–67, 292–93
C
Camp David (Md.), 55–56
Candidates (tournament), 9, 10, 13–14, 21–23, 29, 42–47, 82, 86–89, 106, 123, 137, 292–95, 300
Canetti, Elias, 31–32
Capablanca, José, 31, 35, 73, 198, 244, 310
Capablanca Memorial (tournament), 16
Castro, Fidel, 16–17
Central Committee. SeeCommunist
Party
Chamanin, Valeri, 158, 272–73
Chebrikov, Viktor, 261
Chen Tung, 282
chess, 24, 70–81
aesthetics of, 74–75
boom interest in, 228–30, 307–9
importance in Soviet Union, 8, 35–38, 52–58, 89–92
player mentality, 77–80
See alsoWorld Chess Championship;
specific tournaments
Chess(musical), 308
Chess, Anita, 229
Chess Digest(magazine), 130
Chess Fever(film), 198
Chess Olympiad, 17, 24, 25, 53, 63, 75, 83, 85, 295, 300
“chicken” (suicidal game), 188–90
China, 52, 282
Church, George, 299
CIA, 143, 260
civil rights movement, 11
Clarke, P. H., 89
cold war, 176, 227, 239, 270–80, 308–9
Collins, Jack, 6, 30, 221
Communist Party, Soviet, 50–54, 57, 58, 61–66, 129, 301
chess governance by, 37–38, 50, 52, 57
Spassky—Fischer match problems and, 155, 260–61
Spassky’s defeat and, 287, 290–93
Spassky’s nonmembership in, 61–62
Spassky training plan and, 109–13
youth league, 39, 63, 102
Corn, Ira G., 296
Corriere della Sera, 228
counterculture, 11
Cramer, Fred, 133, 136–37, 141, 146, 159–60, 165, 173–76, 198–200, 203, 205–6, 210–14, 218, 223, 224, 235–37, 241, 243, 251, 281, 282, 300
Cuba, 7, 16–17, 279
“Cue Fanfare” (song), 308–9
Czechoslovakia, 63
D
Darrach, Brad, 133, 145, 146, 160, 161, 173, 212, 272–73
Davies, Norman, 54–55
Davis, Andrew, 132–36, 138–39, 145–46, 154, 171–74, 179
Davis, Angela, 63–65
Dean, James, 20, 188
de Groot, Adrian, 75–76
Demichev, Piotr, 109, 110, 112, 113, 155, 287
détente, 275–80
Dime Savings Bank, 229
Dobrynin, Anatoli, 55, 143, 175, 276
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 50, 58–60, 61, 295
Duchamp, Marcel, 75
Dymarskii, Naum, 91, 180
E
Edmondson, Ed, 84–86, 89, 95, 123, 126, 127, 129, 131, 133, 137, 159, 171, 212, 213, 300, 301
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 35
Eldjarn, Kristjan, 138, 193
Ellsberg, Daniel, 189, 230
Elo, Arpad, 212
Erasmus Hall High School, 10, 24
Euwe, Max, 37, 70, 73, 74, 76, 90, 123, 125–29, 138, 139, 146–47, 154, 157, 158–60, 178, 235, 246, 266, 281, 282, 289
Evans, Larry, 89, 132, 192, 205, 225, 236, 296, 297
F
FBI, 3, 306, 313–21
FIDE (Fédération Internationale des
Échecs), 85, 100, 114, 116, 124–28, 146–47, 154, 155, 158, 178, 186, 190, 212, 274, 300–301
Fields of Force(Steiner), 71
Fine, Reuben, 78–79, 182
Fischer, Bobby, 4–32, 45, 46, 56, 70, 74
anti-Semitism of, 26–27, 305, 306
background and youth of, 4–14
Botvinnik analysis of moves of, 88
Castro answers Fischer’s objections to
match with Cubans, 16
Curaçao, visit to, 13
extra-chess intrigue and, 253, 254–55, 257, 261–64
as ex-world champion, 301–7
fee concerns of, 14–15, 16, 27, 29–30, 85–86, 124–25, 226
Fox’s legal suit against, 223–24
game theory and, 186–90
gentlemanly play by, 30–31
hate mechanism of, 26–27
Icelanders’ view of, 194, 195–96
Iceland viewed by, 122
imprisoned, 303
Internet chess and, 306
Karpov’s challenge and, 300–301
media portrayals of, 30
&nbs
p; memory feats of, 25, 75
as “mimophant,” 24
Moscow, visit to, 8
opponents’ responses to, 22–24, 247–48, 254–55
playing conditions demands by, 14–15, 17, 21, 28, 30–31, 87, 95, 163–65, 169, 170–75, 178–81, 183, 186, 189, 197, 198, 200–201, 203–5, 208–9, 235, 236–37, 240, 243, 300
psychology of, 9, 12, 13–14, 18, 20–30, 77–80, 184–85
recreations of, 20
religion and, 15, 179, 223, 301–2
“retirements” from competition by, 16, 18, 82
relaxation routines of, 221–22
single-minded chess focus of, 6–21
Soviets’ views of, 21
Spassky similarities with, 32
suspicious of Soviets, 13, 26, 257
U.S. championship, 8, 10, 15–16, 17
women, attitude toward, 25
world championship, 247, 280–85, 287, 295–301
world championship qualifying
matches, 84–89, 92–98
See also Fischer-Spassky competition
Fischer, Gerhardt (father), 4, 306
Fischer, Joan (sister). See Targ, Joan Fischer
Fischer, Regina (mother), 4–8, 10, 12, 26–27, 29
FBI file on, 306, 313–21
Fischer-Spassky competition
background to championship match, 1, 99–121, 123, 124–61, 163–65
championship match, 1–3, 26, 56, 57–58, 66, 162, 165–85, 189–91, 197–210, 211, 216–20, 221, 233–36, 240–47, 254, 260–61, 266, 273–75, 309–11
choice of site, 123–29
cold war context of, 176, 227, 239, 270–80, 308–9
cultural impact of championship match, 225–32, 307–9
first tournament, 12–13
Fischer’s apology letter and, 160–61
nonchampionship matches, 12–13, 17, 22, 83–84
rematch (1992), 304–5
Spassky’s view of Fischer and, 30, 295
Flea House (N.Y.C.), 7
Flohr, Salo, 90
Forte, Chet, 201
Fox, Chester, 162–63, 167, 169–70, 173, 178, 183, 201, 205, 211, 220–21, 223–24, 283
Freudian psychology, 78–79
Fried Chicken tournament, 299
From Russia with Love (film), 239–40
Frost, David, 128, 148
Furman, Semion, 40, 200
G
Gagarin, Yuri, 168
game theory, 186–90
Garment, Leonard, 298
Geller, Efim, 13, 28, 44, 46, 62, 86, 87, 105, 106, 113, 116, 118–20, 133, 147, 158, 168, 174, 240, 243, 244, 246, 250, 251, 258, 262, 263, 265, 266, 273, 287, 288, 310
press statement by, 237–39, 240
Geller, Oksana, 250
Germany, 37, 54–55
Gestsson, Gissli, 169–70, 175, 272
Gipslis, Aivar, 18
Glaesibaer (chess club), 196
Glazer, Joe, 229
Gligoric, Svetozar, 86, 141, 192, 205, 221, 228, 243, 244, 307
Golobev, Anatoli, 103
Golombek, Harry, 47, 82, 83, 163, 166, 183–84, 189, 202, 235, 236, 282
Goncharov, Boris, 261, 263
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 58
Gordievsky, Oleg, 249
GosKomSport. SeeSports Committee
Gostiev, Viktor, 261, 262
Grand Strategy(van Reek), 38, 40, 47, 60–61, 116
Great Britain, 140, 227–30, 308
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, The,66–67
Great Terror, 33, 51
Greco, Gioacchino, 197
Gromyko, Andrei, 278
Grossinger’s (resort), 127, 131–32
Grossman, Vasili, 55
Grumette, Lina, 26, 179, 221
Gudbjarnason, Sigmundur, 241–42
Gufeld, Edouard, 53
H
Haig, Alexander, 298
Haldeman, H. R., 188–89
Hallgrimsson, Geir, 138
Hartston, Bill, 78, 227
Hassan, Lome, 201, 205
Hastings (tournament), 148
Hawthorne Chess Club, 6
Hearst, Eliot, 30
Helms, Hermann, 6
Helms, Richard, 271
Hingley, Ronald, 56–57
Hitler, Adolf, 26, 34, 189, 305
“Holy Fool” figure, 67–68
Hoover, J. Edgar, 306
Hope, Bob, 297, 298
Hort, Vlastimil, 86, 294
Hübner, Robert, 86, 87
Huntington, Samuel P., 277
I
Iceland, 13, 122–29, 132–33, 138–46, 163, 176, 180, 191–96, 244
Icelandic Chess Federation, 124, 127, 134–35, 162, 170–73, 180, 186, 200–201, 203, 216, 219, 221, 224, 235, 239, 242, 311
Iliin-Zhenevskii, Aleksandr Fiodorvich, 35–36
In Confidence (Dobrynin), 276
International Chess Federation, 37, 300
International Institute for Strategic Studies, 276–77
Interzonals, 9, 10, 19, 43, 82, 85–87
Amsterdam (1964), 16, 45
Palma (1970), 189
Sousse (1967), 17–18, 190
Stockholm (1962), 13
Ivonin, Viktor, 62, 64, 67, 99, 101–3, 105, 107–10, 113, 116–19, 121, 126, 147, 150, 155, 156, 167–68, 177–78, 180, 184, 200, 202, 255, 256, 261–63, 267, 268, 287–92, 294
Ivushkina, Aleksandra, 116
J
Jackovich, Victor, 156–57, 221–22, 247, 257, 271
Janosevic, Dragoljub, 192
Jews, 15, 27, 37, 170. See also anti-Semitism
Johannesson, Olafur, 124, 138, 141, 143, 146, 154
Johannsson, Freysteinn, 135
Johnson, Lyndon, 11
Jones, Ernest, 78
Josefsson, Gunnlaugur, 221
K
Kahn, Herman, 188, 190
Kaiser, Robert, 274
Karpov, Anatoli, 99, 107, 113, 166, 184, 197, 259, 292, 299–301, 304
Kashdan, Isaac, 233
Kasparov, Garry, 259, 301, 304, 308, 310
Kavalek, Lubomir, 192
Kazantsev, Comrade, 65–66
Keflavik air base, 142, 257, 305
Keres, Paul, 13, 37, 46, 65, 68, 106, 121, 200, 310
KGB, 61, 63, 64, 65, 106, 113, 253, 254, 255, 257–64, 267
Khrushchev, Nikita, 8, 51, 55–56, 110
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 11
Kissinger, Henry, 189, 230, 270, 276, 278, 296, 298
phone calls to Fischer by, 143–44, 148, 150, 175, 276
Kline, Harold, 6
Kmoch, Hans, 226
Koestler, Arthur, 1, 24, 72, 270
Komsomol, 39, 63, 102
Korbut, Olga, 232, 299
Korchnoi, Viktor, 13, 34, 46, 58, 67, 80, 86, 87, 93, 120, 121, 177, 200, 294–95, 300, 301, 310
Kosygin, Andrei, 51, 109
Kotov, Aleksandr, 33, 88, 91, 104–5, 253
Krogius, Nikolai, 21, 61, 62, 65, 68, 105, 106, 107, 113, 117, 118, 120–21, 133, 147, 174, 202, 217–18, 251, 254, 255, 258, 260, 262–67, 273, 287, 288, 291–92
Krylenko, Nikolai, 36, 58
Kulakov, Fiodor, 52
Kurtis, Donald, 272
L
Ladbrokes of London, 229
Larsen, Bent, 21, 28, 29, 45, 46, 47, 83, 86, 87, 92–93, 96, 104, 105, 131, 192, 205, 206, 219–20, 253, 310
Lasker, Emanuel, 35, 74, 310
Latyntseva, Nadezhda, 44
Lawson, Dominic, 79
Laxness, Halldor, 142–43
Lenin, V. I., 35, 36, 39, 63, 68
Leningrad, 33–35, 40, 54–55, 58–61, 124, 133
Leone, Sebastian, 295
Levenfish, Grigori, 40
Levy, David, 196, 302, 307
Lindsay, John, 226, 295
Litvinov, Viktor, 259
Lockhart, Bruce, 36
Loftleidir hotel, 153, 175, 198–99, 282
Lombardy, William, 6, 43, 133–34, 156, 160, 167, 171,
175, 209, 220, 222, 223
Lopez, Ruy, 133
Lvov, Comrade, 262
Lyman, Shelby, 226, 227
M
MacNeice, Louis, 122, 191
madman theory, 188–89
Magnusson, Gunnar, 164
Makarova, Vera, 130
Manhattan Chess Club, 6
Mannusson, Pitur, 194
Marshall, Bette, 150–51, 258
Marshall, Frank, 35
Marshall, Paul, 128, 129, 133–35, 148–51, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 171, 175–76, 179–80, 184–85, 216, 257–58, 266, 290, 297, 309
Marshall Club, 7, 227
“Match of the Century,” 2
mathematics, chess and, 74–75
May, Karl, 137
Mecking, Henrique, 86
Mednis, Edmar, 227, 308
Melen’tiev, Stanislav, 206–7, 268
Merridale, Catherine, 51, 54
Metropolitan Museum (N.Y.C.), 228
Moeller, Baldur, 174, 178
Mokarow, Claudia, 302
Morphy, Paul, 77, 78
Morris, Joe Alex, Jr., 193, 194
Moscow Central Chess Club, 9, 259
Moscow Chess (magazine), 114
Motley, Constance Baker, 224
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 73
Munich Olympics (1972), 232
musicians, chess and, 73–74
My 60 Memorable Games (Fischer), 12–13
N
Nabokov, Vladimir, 70
Najdorf, Miguel, 4, 76–77, 192, 228
Nash, John, 187
National Security Council, 143, 298
Nazism, 37, 54
Nei, Ivo, 106, 113, 119, 120, 133, 166, 208, 213, 235, 236, 240, 250, 260, 263, 265–67
Nemenyi, Paul, 5, 306
New York Times, 136, 137, 167, 226, 230, 247–48, 272, 279, 296
Nicholas II, 35, 38–39, 60
Nigro, Carmine, 6
Nikashkin, Valentin, 261, 262, 263, 268
Nikitin, Aleksandr, 9, 57, 259
Nixon, Richard, 12, 55, 193, 230–31, 271, 276–79
Fischer and, 93, 96, 247, 298–99
madman theory of, 188–89
Notes from Underground (Dostoyevsky), 58, 59
O
objectivism, 66–67
Olafsson, Fridrik, 28, 151, 172, 185, 192
Olafsson, Torfi, 139
Bobby Fischer Goes to War Page 34