by Clare Mulley
112 Heinrich Hoffmann, Hitler Was My Friend: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Photographer (Frontline, 2011), p. 148.
113 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 229.
114 Ibid.
115 US National Archives and Records Administration, Hanna Reitsch personal file, ‘The Wind of Heaven Goes West’ (October 1946), p. 3.
116 Nicolaus von Below, At Hitler’s Side: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant 1937–1945 (Frontline, 2010), p. 194.
117 Ibid.
118 Ibid.
119 Aeroplane Monthly, ‘Flugkapitän Hanna Reitsch’, part 4 (September 1985), p. 496.
120 Nicolaus von Below, At Hitler’s Side: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant 1937–1945 (Frontline, 2010), p. 194.
121 German History: The Journal of the German History Society, Bernhard Riegen, ‘Hanna Reitsch: The Global Career of a Nazi Celebrity’, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 389.
122 Jana and Hermann Graml (eds.), Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels: Oktober bis Dezember 1944 [The Diaries of Joseph Goebbels: October to December 1944] (K. G. Saur, 1996), pp. 262–3 (23.11.1944).
123 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 237.
124 Judy Lomax, Hanna Reitsch: Flying for the Fatherland (John Murray, 1988) p. 98.
125 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 226.
126 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 100.
11: OPERATION VALKYRIE
1 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (21.05.1944).
2 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Paul von Handel, ‘Erinnerungen an Litta’ [Memories of Litta] (nd).
3 Ibid.
4 Peter Hoffmann, German Resistance to Hitler (Harvard, 1988), p. 131.
5 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 78.
6 Alexander von Stauffenberg, Denkmal [Monument] (Stefan George Foundation, 1964), p. 23.
7 Ibid. p. 25.
8 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 82.
9 Nina von Stauffenberg to Peter Hoffmann in Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 88.
10 Konstanze von Schulthess Rechberg (Nina’s daughter), Mulley interview (25.11.2014).
11 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 24.
12 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 188.
13 Ibid.
14 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 73.
15 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 189.
16 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, p. 224.
17 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Paul von Handel, ‘Erinnerungen an Litta’ [Memories of Litta] (nd).
18 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (03.03.1944).
19 Ibid. (07.03.1944).
20 Thomas Medicus, Melitta von Stauffenberg: Ein Deutsches Leben [A German Life] (Rowohlt, 2012), p. 262.
21 Karl Christ, Der Andere Stauffenberg: Der Historiker und Dichter Alexander von Stauffenberg [The Other Stauffenberg: Historian and Poet Alexander von Stauffenberg] (C. H. Beck, 2008), p. 45.
22 Thomas Medicus, Melitta von Stauffenberg: Ein Deutsches Leben [A German Life] (Rowohlt, 2012), p. 273.
23 IWM, film archive, GWY 213, Die Deutsche Wochenschau [The German Newsreel] no. 712 (April 1944).
24 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 230.
25 Hanna Reitsch: Hitlers Fliegerin [Hitler’s Pilot], Interspot Film (dir. Gerhard Jelinek and Fritz Kalteis, 2010). Comment made by Fred Weinholtz.
26 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 230.
27 Max Hastings, All Hell Let Loose: The World at War, 1939–1945 (Harper Press, 2011), p. 486.
28 US National Archives and Records Administration, Hanna Reitsch personal file, ‘The Wind of Heaven Goes West’ (October 1946), p. 4.
29 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (04.05.1944).
30 Ibid. (02.05.1944).
31 Thomas Medicus, Melitta von Stauffenberg: Ein Deutsches Leben [A German Life] (Rowohlt, 2012), pp. 266, 265.
32 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 232.
33 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 100.
34 Deutsches Museum Archive, 130/101, Hanna Reitsch, ‘Solemn declaration’ (12.04.1948).
35 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 100.
36 Deutsches Museum Archive, 130/101, Hanna Reitsch, ‘Solemn declaration’ (12.04.1948).
37 Eric Brown, Mulley interview (23.06.2014).
38 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 232.
39 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 103.
40 Schlesische Flieger Nachrichten [Silesian Pilot News magazine] (5/1988).
41 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, p. 180.
42 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Klara Schiller, ‘Memories of Klara Schiller’ (nd).
43 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, p. 181.
44 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (23.05.1944).
45 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, p. 181.
46 Richard Perlia, Mal oben – Mal unten [Sometimes Up – Sometimes Down] (Schiff & Flugzeug-Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2011), p. 194.
47 Ibid., p. 236.
48 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 104.
49 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 233.
50 Ibid.
51 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 104.
52 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 234.
53 Ibid.
54 Dennis Piszkiewicz, From Nazi Test Pilot to Hitler’s Bunker: The Fantastic Flights of Hanna Reitsch (Praeger, 1997), p. 78.
55 Deutsches Museum archive, 130/101, Hanna Reitsch, ‘Solemn Declaration’ (12.04.1948).
56 Dennis Piszkiewicz, From Nazi Test Pilot to Hitler’s Bunker: The Fantastic Flights of Hanna Reitsch (Praeger, 1997), p. 78.
57 Aeroplane Monthly, ‘Flugkapitän Hanna Reitsch’, part 4 (September 1985), p. 497.
58 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 105.
59 Ibid.
60 Ibid.
61 Ron Laytner, Edit International Articles: A portfolio of some of Ron Layther’s greatest stories (2010).
62 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 200
6), p. 105.
63 Ibid.
64 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 235.
65 Ibid.
66 Ibid. p. 236.
67 Deutsches Museum archive, 130/111, letter Hanna Reitsch/Ull Schwenger (22.07.1977).
68 Nicolaus von Below, At Hitler’s Side: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant 1937–1945 (Frontline, 2010), p. 203.
69 Hanna Reitsch, The Sky My Kingdom: Memoirs of the Famous German World War II Test Pilot (Greenhill, 2009), p. 236.
70 Ibid. pp. 236–7.
71 US National Archives and Records Administration, Hanna Reitsch personal file, ‘The Wind of Heaven Goes West’ (October 1946), p. 7.
72 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (11.06.1944).
73 Ibid. (06.06.1944).
74 Nigel Jones, Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler (Frontline, 2008) p. viii; Margarethe von Hardenberg in Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 52.
75 Nigel Jones, Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler (Frontline, 2008), p. 174.
76 Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (Sphere, 1971), p. 509.
77 Ibid.
78 Peter Hoffmann, The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945 (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996), p. 380.
79 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (13.06.1944).
80 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 88.
81 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, p. 181.
82 Nicolaus von Below, At Hitler’s Side: The Memoirs of Hitler’s Luftwaffe Adjutant 1937–1945 (Frontline, 2010), p. 200.
83 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (16.06.1944).
84 Derek Mulley, Harpenden, Mulley interview (20.05.2013).
85 Veronia Volkersz, The Sky and I (W. H. Allen, 1956), p. 87. ‘ATA’ stands for the Air Transport Auxiliary.
86 Eric Brown, Wings On My Sleeve: The World’s Greatest Test Pilot Tells His Story (Phoenix, 2007), p. 77.
87 Mail Online, Robert Hardman, ‘Hero who makes Biggles look like a wimp’ (07.05.2013).
88 Ulrich von Hassell, The Von Hassell Diaries: The Story of the Forces Against Hitler Inside Germany 1938–1944 (Westview Press, 1994), p. 355.
89 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (17.06.1944).
90 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Paul von Handel, ‘Erinnerungen an Litta’ [Memories of Litta] (nd).
91 Ibid.
92 Ibid.
93 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (27.06.1944).
94 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, pp. 187–8.
95 Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (Sphere, 1971), p. 509.
96 Gerhard Bracke, Melitta Gräfin Stauffenberg: Das Leben einer Fliegerin [The Life of an Aviatrix] (Herbig, 2013), privately translated, p. 188.
97 Hans Bernd Gisevius, To The Bitter End (Jonathan Cape, 1948), pp. 501–2.
98 Ibid. p. 502.
99 Annedore Leber, Conscience in Revolt: Sixty-four Stories of Resistance in Germany (Westview Press, 1994), p. 140.
100 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 188.
101 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (15.07.1944).
102 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 14.
103 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (16.07.1944).
104 Ibid. (18.07.1944).
105 Ibid. (19.07.1944).
106 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 155.
107 Hans Bernd Gisevius, To The Bitter End (Jonathan Cape, 1948), p. 529.
108 Walter Warlimont, Witness: The Plot to Kill Hitler, BBC World Service (18.07.2014).
109 Fabian von Schlabrendorff, The Secret War Against Hitler (Westview Press, 1994), p. 287.
110 Hans Bernd Gisevius, To The Bitter End (Jonathan Cape, 1948), p. 534.
111 Ibid. p. 535.
112 Nigel Jones, Countdown to Valkyrie: The July Plot to Assassinate Hitler (Frontline, 2008), p. 160.
113 Blind Spot: Hitler’s Secretary, Traudl Junge, Sony Pictures Classics (directed and written by Andrew Heller and Othmar Schmiderer, 2002).
114 Christa Schroeder, He Was My Chief: The Memoirs of Adolf Hitler’s Secretary (Frontline, 2009), p. 122.
115 Blind Spot: Hitler’s Secretary, Traudl Junge, Sony Pictures Classics (directed and written by Andrew Heller and Othmar Schmiderer, 2002).
116 Hugh Trevor-Roper, The Last Days of Hitler (Papermac, 1995), pp. 28–9.
117 Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (Sphere, 1971), p. 521.
12: IN THE CAMPS
1 Anne Frank, The Diary of a Young Girl (Penguin, 2012), p. 332 (21.07.1944).
2 Ibid. pp. 332–3 (21.07.1944).
3 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (20.07.1944).
4 Ibid. (21.07.1944).
5 Ibid. (22.07.1944).
6 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), p. 113.
7 Ibid. p. 117.
8 Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (Sphere, 1971), p. 521.
9 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006) p. 118.
10 Joachim Fest, Plotting Hitler’s Death: The German Resistance to Hitler 1933–1945 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997), p. 231.
11 Otto Skorzeny, Skorzeny’s Special Missions: The Memoirs of ‘The Most Dangerous Man in Europe’ (Greenhill, 2006), pp. 118–19.
12 Elisabeth zu Guttenberg, Beim Namen Gerufen: Erinnerungen [Called By Name: Memories] (Ullstein Sachbuch, 1992), p. 180; Eva Madelung, Joachim Scholtyseck, Heldenkinder – Verräterkinder: Wenn die Eltern im Widerstand waren [Hero Children – Traitor Children: Children of the Resistance] (C. H. Beck, 2007), p. 37.
13 Nigel Jones, Countdown to Valkyrie: The July plot to assassinate Hitler (Frontline, 2008), p. 236.
14 TNA, WO 208/4168 (SRGG 961c), interrogation reports of German POWs, General von Thoma.
15 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 192.
16 Ibid.
17 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 25.
18 Berthold von Stauffenberg, ‘A Childhood in the Third Reich – from System Conformist to Traitor’s Child’. Lecture delivered to the AV Rheinstein Köln-Lindenthal (14.04.2008).
19 Witness: The The Plot to Kill Hitler, BBC World Service (18.07.2014).
20 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 198.
21 Berthold von Stauffenberg, ‘A Childhood in the Third Reich – from System Conformist to Traitor’s Child’. Lecture delivered to the AV Rheinstein Köln-Lindenthal (14.04.2008).
22 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 84.
23 Robert Loeffel, Family Punishment in Nazi Germany: Sippenhaft, Terror and Myth (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), p. 123.
24 Spying on Hitler’s Army: The Secret Recordings, Channel 4 (02.06.2013).
25 Sönke Neitzel, Tapping Hitler’s Generals: Transcripts of Secret Conversations, 1942–45 (Frontline, 2007), p. 118.
26 Gerald Posner, Hitler’s Children: Inside the Families of the Third Reich (Mandarin, 1991), p. 181.
27 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 58.
28 Konstanze von Schulthess, Nina Schenk
Gräfin von Stauffenberg: Ein Porträt [A Portrait] (Piper, 2009), p. 143; Gerald Posner, Hitler’s Children: Inside the Families of the Third Reich (Mandarin, 1991), p. 181.
29 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Klara Schiller, ‘Memories of Klara Schiller’ (nd).
30 Ibid.
31 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (23.07.1944).
32 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Klara Schiller, ‘Memories of Klara Schiller’ (nd).
33 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts: Women and the anti-Hitler Plot of 1944 (Berghahn, 2008), p. 189.
34 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (23.07.1944).
35 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Paul von Handel, ‘Erinnerungen an Litta’ [Memories of Litta] (nd).
36 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Jutta Rudershausen, ‘Flugkapitän Melitta Schiller-Stauffenberg’ (nd).
37 Archive Reinhart Rudershausen, Klara Schiller, ‘Memories of Klara Schiller’ (nd).
38 Ibid.
39 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (27.07.1944).
40 Ibid.
41 Ibid. (end pages).
42 Ursula von Kardorff, Diary of a Nightmare: Berlin 1942–1945 (Rupert Hart-Davis, 1965), p. 137.
43 Ibid. p. 139.
44 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (03.08.1944).
45 Gerhard Bracke archive, Philippa Countess von Thun-Hohenstein (née von Bredow), filmed interview, ‘Memories of Melitta: personal impressions of Countess von Stauffenberg’ (07.07.2000).
46 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (04.08.1944).
47 Ibid. (06.08.1944).
48 Ursula von Kardorff, Diary of a Nightmare: Berlin 1942–1945 (Rupert Hart-Davis, 1965), p. 122.
49 Heinz Linge, With Hitler to the End: The Memoirs of Adolf Hitler’s Valet (Frontline, 2009), pp. 161, 163.
50 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (09.08.1944).
51 Glenn B. Infield, Skorzeny: Hitler’s Commando (St Martin’s Press, 1981), p. 64.
52 Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven, In the Bunker With Hitler: The last witness speaks (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2005), p. 68.
53 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (11.08.1944).
54 Dorothee von Meding, Courageous Hearts (1997), pp. 156–7.
55 Gerhard Bracke archive, Melitta’s diary (17.08.1944).
56 Ibid. (17.08.1944).
57 Ibid. (17.08.1944).
58 Gerald Posner, Hitler’s Children: Inside the Families of the Third Reich (Mandarin, 1991), p. 184.