by Guy Arnold
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
oil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
population ref1
rain forest ref1
Gabreldar, Bushra Hamid ref1
Gaddafi, Muammar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24
Gaddafi, Saif al-Islam ref1
Gallagher, John ref1
Galvao, Henrique ref1
Gambia, The ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
aid ref1
coup ref1
independence ref1, ref2, ref3
Garang, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Garang, Joseph ref1
Gardiner, Robert ref1, ref2, ref3
Garvey, Amy ref1
Garvey, Marcus ref1
Gaulle, Charles de ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17
Gbagbo, Laurent ref1, ref2, ref3
Gbenye, Christopher ref1, ref2
genocide ref1
Eritrea ref1
Ethiopia ref1
Rwanda ref1
German South West Africa ref1, ref2
see also South West Africa; Namibia
Gerdener, Theo ref1
Germany ref1
colonial power ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
East ref1
West ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
aid ref1
Ghana ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
agriculture ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
aid ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
China ref1
CIA ref1, ref2
Congo crisis ref1
corruption ref1
coups ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
debt ref1, ref2
expulsions from Nigeria ref1, ref2
IMF ref1
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
mineral wealth ref1, ref2
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Togo ref1
tribalism ref1, ref2
Volta Dam ref1
World Bank ref1, ref2
see also Gold Coast
Ghana Times ref1
Gilkes, Patrick ref1
Ginwala, Frene ref1
Gizenga, Antoine ref1, ref2, ref3
Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) ref1
globalization ref1, ref2, ref3
Gold Coast ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
independence struggle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
see also Ghana
Goldie, Sir George ref1
Goma, Sylvain ref1
Gomes, Francisco da Costa ref1, ref2, ref3
Goncalves, Vasco ref1
Goodman, Lord ref1, ref2
Gorbachev, Mikhail ref1, ref2, ref3
Gordon, Dennis ref1
Gowon, Yakubu ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Gqoza, Joshua Oupa ref1
Graaf, Sir de Villiers ref1, ref2
Graca, Dr Carlos da ref1
Griffiths, Peter ref1
Griffiths, Phoebe ref1
Grobbelaar, Arthur ref1
Gromyko, Andrei ref1
Grunitzsky, Nicolas ref1, ref2
Guardian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
Gubbay, Anthony ref1
Guei, Robert ref1, ref2
Guerero, Manuel Perez ref1
Guevara, Che ref1
Guinea ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21
aid ref1, ref2, ref3
corruption ref1
coup ref1, ref2
mineral wealth ref1, ref2
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
refugees ref1
Guinea–Bissau ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
aid ref1, ref2
coup ref1, ref2, ref3
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
struggle ref1, ref2, ref3
OAU ref1, ref2
see also Portuguese Guinea; Cape Verde
Guiringaud, Louis de ref1
Gulf crisis ref1, ref2
Gurion, David ben ref1
H
Habanyama, H. ref1
Habert, Paul ref1
Habré, Hissène ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Habyarimana, Juvenal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Hailey, Lord ref1, ref2
Haidella, Mohamed Khouma ref1
Hain, Peter ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Halliday, Fred ref1
Hambro, Sir Charles ref1
Hammarskjold, Dag ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Hamrouche, Mouloud ref1, ref2
Hanekom, Derek ref1
Hani, Chris ref1
Hapte-Selassie, Dr Breket ref1
Harlech, Lord ref1
Harlley, John Willie Kofi ref1
Hart, Judith ref1, ref2
Hartzenburg, Ferdi ref1
Hasan, Abdiqasim Salad ref1
Hassan II, King ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Hastings, Adrian ref1
Hastings, Max ref1
Hatch, John ref1
Healey, Denis ref1, ref2
Heath, Edward ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Heath, Willem ref1
Heikal, Hasanyn ref1
Heikal, Muhammad ref1
Henri, Paul Marc ref1
Hertzog, Dr Albert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Heunis, Chris ref1
Hewitt, Patricia ref1
Hickman, John ref1
Hilaire-Aubaume, Jean ref1
Hoare, Mike ref1
Hodges, Tony ref1
Hoffmann, Leena Koni ref1
Hoofstad, Die ref1
Horwood, Owen ref1
Houngbedji, Adrien ref1
Houphouët-Boigny, Félix ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18
House Has Fallen, The (Maier) ref1
Houston Chronicle ref1
Hove, Byron ref1
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (Rodney) ref1
Howard, John ref1, ref2, ref3
Howe, Sir Geoffrey ref1
Howe, Jonathan T. ref1
Howell, David ref1
Hu Jintao ref1, ref2
Hudson, Derek ref1
Hudson, Miles ref1
Huggins, Sir Godfrey (Lord Malvern) ref1, ref2
Hultslander, Robert ref1
Hunter, Guy ref1
Huntington, Samuel ref1, ref2
Hunzvi, Ghenjerai ‘Hitler’ ref1, ref2
Hurd, Douglas ref1
Hussein, Abdisalam ref1
Hussein, Sadam ref1, ref2
Hussey, Will ref1, ref2
I
Ibrahim, Alhaji Waziri ref1, ref2
IDA (International Development Association) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Idiagbon, Tunde ref1, ref2
Idris, King ref1, ref2
If This Is Treason (Boesak) ref1
Ignacio, Herminio Palma ref1
IMF (International Monetary Fund) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36
In Search of Enemies (Stockwell) ref1
Independent, The ref1
India ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
independence ref1
struggle ref1, ref2
World War II ref1
Ingram, Derek ref1
International
Criminal Court ref1
International Development Association see IDA
International Herald Tribune ref1
International Military Education and Training (IMET) ref1
International Monetary Fund see IMF
Investors’ Chronicle ref1
Iran ref1
oil ref1, ref2
revolution ref1, ref2, ref3
Iraq ref1
Gulf crisis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Iraq War ref1, ref2
Islam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Algeria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Iran ref1, ref2
Libya ref1
Mauritania ref1
Nigeria ref1, ref2
Sudan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Tunisia ref1
Islamic State (ISIS) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Israel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
Camp David Accords ref1, ref2
Entebbe hijacking ref1
Falasha Jews ref1, ref2
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3
Six Day War ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Suez Crisis ref1, ref2
Yom Kippur War ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
Italy ref1
colonial power ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
World War II ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Itote, Waruhiu ref1
Ivory Coast see Côte d’Ivoire
J
Jaffar, Prince Said Mohammed ref1
Jalloud, Abdul Salam ref1
James, C. L. R. ref1, ref2
Jammeh, Yahya ref1
Janson, Punt ref1
Jaona, Monja ref1, ref2
Japan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Jardim, Jorge ref1
Jawara, Sir Dawda ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Jiang Zemin ref1
Johannesburg Star ref1, ref2
John Paul II, Pope ref1, ref2
Jonathan, Goodluck ref1, ref2
Johnson, Douglas ref1
Johnson, Lyndon B. ref1
Johnson, Robert ref1, ref2
Johnson, Wallace ref1, ref2
Johnston, Sir John ref1
Jonathan, Chief Leabua ref1, ref2, ref3
Jones, Sir Glyn ref1
Jones, James ref1
Jugnauth, Anerood ref1
Julu, Charles ref1
Jumbe, Aboud ref1, ref2
Juxon-Smith, A. J. ref1
K
Kabarebe, James ref1
Kabbah, Ahmed Tejan ref1, ref2
Kabila, Joseph ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kabila, Laurent ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Kachamila, John ref1
Kadet, Bertin ref1
Kafi, Ali ref1
Kagame, Paul ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Kaggia, Bildad ref1
Kajuga, Robert ref1
Kalb, Madeleine ref1
Kalil, Abdallah Mohamed ref1, ref2
Kambanda, Jean ref1
Kamil, Abdullah Mohamed ref1
Kamitatu, Cleophas ref1
Kamitatu, Oliver ref1
Kangura ref1
Kano, Malam Aminu ref1, ref2
Kanza, Thomas ref1
Kansteiner, Walter, ref1
Kapuuo, Clemens ref1, ref2
Karanja, Josephat ref1
Kariba Dam project ref1
Kariuki, Josiah ref1
Karume, Abeid ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Kasavubu, Joseph ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
Katanga ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
secession ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
see also Belgian Congo; Congo
(Kinshasa); Zaïre; Democratic Republic of Congo
Katjavivi, Peter ref1
Katsina, Hassan ref1, ref2
Kaunda, Kenneth ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21
Kawawa, Rashid ref1, ref2, ref3
Kayibanda, Gregoire ref1, ref2, ref3
Kazimi, James ref1, ref2
Keïta, Ibrahim Boubacar ref1
Keita, Modibo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
Kellner, Peter ref1
Kennedy, John F. ref1, ref2, ref3
Kenya ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24
agriculture ref1, ref2
aid ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
China ref1
coup ref1
corruption ref1
debt ref1, ref2
East African Community ref1
exports ref1
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
struggle ref1, ref2, ref3
land issues ref1, ref2
Mau Mau rebellion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8
OAU ref1
refugees ref1
Somalia ref1, ref2
trade unions ref1
World War II ref1, ref2, ref3
Kenya Weekly News ref1, ref2
Kenyatta, Jomo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24
Kenyatta, Ngina ref1
Kenyatta, Uhuru ref1
Kérékou, Mathieu ref1, ref2, ref3
Khama, Seretse ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Khomeini, Ayatollah ref1, ref2
Kibaki, Mwai ref1, ref2, ref3
Kigeri V, King ref1
Kimathi, Dedan ref1
Kimba, Evariste ref1
Kinnock, Glenys ref1
Kirk, Norman ref1
Kissinger, Henry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
kleptocracy ref1, ref2, ref3
de Klerk, F. W. ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
Klerk, Willem de ref1
Klerrun, Wilbert A. ref1
Koinange, Mbiya ref1
Kolelas, Bernard ref1, ref2
Kolingba, André ref1, ref2
Konaré, Alpha Oumar ref1, ref2
Kondoko, Damien ref1
Koné, Jean-Marie ref1
Kongolo, Mobutu ref1
Kony, Joseph ref1
Koornhof, Piet ref1
Kornilov, Yuri ref1
Koroma, Ernest ref1
Koroma, Johnny Paul ref1
Korsah, Sir Arku ref1
Kotoka, E. K. ref1
Kouandete, Maurice ref1
Kouassi, Kida ref1
Kouassi, Lida Moise ref1
Kountché, Seyni ref1, ref2
Krim, Belkacem ref1
Kruger, Jimmy ref1, ref2
Kruschev, Nikita ref1
Kufuor, John Agyekum ref1
Kungai, Kumbrai ref1
Kyle, Keith ref1
L
Lacoste, Robert ref1
Laden, Aggrey ref1
Laden, Osama bin ref1
Lagu, Joseph ref1
Lake, Anthony ref1
Lakwena, Alice ref1
Lamizana, Sangoule ref1, ref2, ref3
Langa, Francisco ref1
Lansana, David ref1
Legum, Colin ref1, ref2, ref3
Lekhanya, Justin ref1
Lennox-Boyd, Alan ref1
Leon, Tony ref1
Leopold II, King ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Lesotho ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
aid ref1
coup ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
independence ref1
see also Basutoland
Leyden, P. J. R. ref1
Lewis, Arthur ref1, ref2
Lewis, Paul ref1
Lewis, Roy ref1
Liberia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref1
0, ref11
aid ref1, ref2
civil war ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
corruption ref1
coups ref1, ref2
ECOWAS ref1, ref2
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
population ref1
refugees ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
sanctions ref1
Libya ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13
aid ref1
Arab Spring ref1
arms imports ref1, ref2
civil war ref1
coups ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
independence ref1, ref2
Islam ref1
OAU ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
oil ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9
sanctions ref1, ref2
United States ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
World War II ref1
Lightfoot-Boston, Sir Henry ref1
Limann, Hilla ref1, ref2
Lissouba, Pascal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Lomé Convention ref1
Lord‘s Resistance Army (LRA) ref1, ref2, ref3
Loshak, David ref1
Louly, Mohamed ref1
Lukoji, Molumba ref1
Lumumba, Patrice ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16
Lutuli, Albert ref1
Lyambabaje, Alexandre ref1
Lyttelton, Oliver ref1
M
M’Ba, Léon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Mabrouk, Ezzidin ref1, ref2
McBride, Sean ref1, ref2
McCall, Donald ref1
Macdonald, Malcolm ref1, ref2
McGovern, George ref1
Machado, Illido Tome Alves ref1
Machado, Vieira ref1
Machar, Riek ref1
Machel, Samora Moises ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
MacKenzie, John ref1
McKinley, Mike ref1
Macleod, Iain ref1, ref2
Macmillan, Harold ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10
McNamara, Robert ref1, ref2
Madagascar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11
Madani, Abbasi ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4
Maga, Hubert ref1, ref2
Maghreb Union ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
al-Mandi, Sadiq, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7
Mahgoub, Muhammed Ahmed ref1, ref2
Maier, Karl ref1
Mail and Guardian ref1
Maitatsine, Alhaji Muhammad
Marwa ref1
Major, John ref1, ref2
Makoni, Simba ref1
Makonnen, Endalkatchew ref1
Malala, Joseph-Albert ref1
Malan, Dr Daniel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Malan, Magnus ref1, ref2, ref3
Malawi ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12
aid ref1, ref2, ref3
independence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6
mineral wealth ref1
refugees ref1, ref2, ref3
see also Nyasaland
Malawi News ref1