forbidden to own land, 1
Kovno massacre, 1, 2
liberation by Red Army, 1
mass murder in Dubrovno, 1
prisoners-of-war murdered, 1
rounded up in the Crimea, 1
support for the Soviet cause, 1
victims of the new Soviet chauvinism, 1
see also anti-Semitism
Kabardino-Balkariya, 1
Kalinin, Mikhail, 1, 2, 3, 4
Kalinin (modern Tver), 1
Kalinin Front, 1
Kalmyk steppe, 1
Kalmyks, 1
Kaluga, 1, 2, 3
Kamera, General, 1
Kantariya, Meliton, 1
Karelia, 1
Karelian Front, 1
Karp, Private Aleksandr, 1, 2
Katyn massacre (1940), 1, 2, 3, 4
Katyushas (BM-13-16 multiple rocket launchers), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Kaunas, Lithuania, 1
Kazakhs, 1, 2
Keitel, Field-Marshal Wilhelm, 1, 2
Kerch, Crimea, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
KGB, 1, 2, 3
Khabibulin (prison survivor), 1
Kharkov, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
fall of, 1
German forces retake, 1
liberated, 1
Kherson, 1
Khmelnitsky, Bohdan, 1
Khrushchev, Nikita, 1
Kiev, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
bombed during Barbarossa, 1
defence of, 1, 2, 3
fall of, 1, 2
Mother Russia memorial, 1
pogrom (1945), 1
recaptured (November 1943), 1
war museum, 1
Kiev military district, 1
Kirillovich, Kirill, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Kirov, Sergei, 1
Kirov theatre, Leningrad, 1
Kletna, 1
Klintsy, 1
Klooga, outside Tallinn, 1, 2
Kobrin, 1
Koden, 1
Koenigsberg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Koktebel, Crimea, 1
kolkhoz see collectives
Kolyma, 1
komsomol (young communists’ league), 1, 2
komsomols (young communists), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
komsorgs, 1, 2
Konev, Ivan, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Kopelev, Lev, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Korneichuk, Aleksandr: Front!, 1
Kosmodemyanskaya, Zoya, 1
Kosygin, Aleksei, 1
Kovalchenko (calvaryman), 1
Kovno massacre, 1, 2
Krasnodar, 1, 2
Kremlin, Moscow, 1
Krokodil magazine, 1
Krupyanskaya, V. U., 1
Kuban region, 1
Kuibyshev, 1
kulaks (wealthier peasants), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Kulikovo Pole, 1
Kupyansk, 1
Kurile islands, 1
Kursk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
beginning of German offensive (July 1943), 1
Communist Party’s emergency meeting (22 June 1941), 1
demobilization in, 1, 2
described, 1
falls to advancing German army (1941), 1, 2
local population given tasks, 1
Old Kursk almost totally destroyed, 1
a real victory for Moscow and its allies, 1
Red Square, 1, 2
retaken by Red Army (February 1943), 1, 2, 3
the Russian military plan, 1
soldiers’ loot in, 1
veterans, 1, 2
Zhukov’s assessment of planned German offensive, 1
Kursk, Battle of, 1, 2
Kursk province, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Kustrin, 1
Kutuzov, Mikhail, 1, 2
Kuyani, 1
Kuznetsov, Orest, 1, 2
labour battalions, 1
Lake Ladoga, 1, 2
Latvia, 1, 2
Latvians, 1
laundrywomen, 1, 2
Lebedev-Kumach, Vasily, 1, 2, 3
Leipzig, 1
lend-lease programme, 1, 2
Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich, 1, 2, 3, 4
Bolshevik coup, 1, 2
class war, 1
mass reproduction of his image, 1
‘State and Revolution’, 1
Leningrad, 1, 2, 3
blockade, 1, 2
final relief of, 1
hospitals in, 1
siege lifted, 1
under siege, 1, 2, 3
Leningrad Front, 1
Leningrad military district, 1
Levitan, Yury, 1
‘Liberation Armies’, 1
Lipetsk, 1
Liskow, Alfred, 1
Lithuania, 1, 2, 3
Lithuanians, 1
Livadiya, 1
looting, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Lublin, 1, 2
Luftwaffe
bombs Soviet aircraft, 1
bombs strategic Russian cities, 1, 2
control of front-line regions, 1
and the defenders of Stalingrad, 1
Lvov, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Lyakhov, Lev Lvovich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lyubyanka, Moscow, 1
Maglakelidze, Shalva, 1
Maidanek extermination camp, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Maikop, 1
Makarov (battalion commander), 1
Makela, Finland, 1
Maloarkhangelsk, 1, 2
Malyshkin, Major-General, 1
Manchuria, 1, 2
Mannerheim Line, 1
Martel, Lieutenant-General, 1
Marx, Karl, 1, 2, 3
Marxism-Leninism, 1, 2, 3, 4
mass-production methods, 1
mat (profane army language), 1
medical orderlies, 1
Mekhlis, Lev, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Memorial human rights association, 1
mental illness, 1, 2, 3
Mexico, 1
Mga, 1
Mglin, 1
Mikhailovna, Valeriya, 1
Mikoyan, Anastas, 1, 2
Mikoyan, Sergo, 1
military training, 1
accommodation crisis, 1
banyas, 1
combat training, 1
communal facilities, 1
crime, 1
food, 1
ideological training, 1, 2
military stores, 1
officers, 1, 2
politruks, 1, 2
uniforms, 1, 2
Mingrelians, 1
Minin, Kuzma, 1
Ministry of Defence, 1, 2
Minsk, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
recaptured (July 1944), 1, 2, 3, 4
Model, Walter, 1, 2
Mogilev, 1, 2
Molotov, Vyachaslav, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Molotov cocktails, 1, 2, 3
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein, 1
Moscow, 1, 2
battles around, 1
demobilization, 1
end of war with Germany announced, 1
German advance on, 1, 2, 3
Hitler’s orders, 1
militia gangs, 1
opolchenie (citizens’ defence), 1, 2, 3, 4
‘Panfilov men’, 1
recruitment, 1, 2, 3
Red Square, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
told of German attack on Russia, 1
Moscow province, 1
Moscow University, 1, 2, 3
Moskvin, Nikolai, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Mozhaisk highway, Moscow, 1
murder squads, 1
Museum of the Great Patriotic War, 1
Museum of the Revolution, Moscow, 1
Mussolini, Benito, 1
mutism, 1
myths
hero, 1
nationalist, 1
patriotic, 1, 2
wartime, 1, 2
Nagasaki, 1
Nagy-Kallo mental ho
spital, 1
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
nationalism, 1, 2, 3, 4
natsmen, 1
Nazi–Soviet pact (August, 1939), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Neidenburg, 1, 2
Nemanov, Ilya Natanovich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Nevsky, Alexander, 1
New York, 1
newspapers, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 1, 2
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 1
NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs; previously Cheka), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
border troops, 1, 2, 3
and conscripts, 1
Crimean Tatars exiled to central Asia, 1
detention of military personnel, 1
escape from Sevastopol, 1
firing squads, 1, 2
and gassings, 1
prison camps, 1
Pushkarev’s collection, 1
records of anti-Semitism, 1
on Sachsenhausen, 1
search for deserters, 1
special troops, 1
tone of their reports, 1
‘uncensored songs’, 1
used for evacuating citizens, 1
Novgorod, 1
Novocherkassk, 1, 2
Nuremburg Trials, 1
obezlichka (buck-passing), 1
Oboyan, 1, 2
October Revolution anniversary (7 November), 1
‘Oh, the Long Road’, 1
Oka river, 1
Oktyabrskaya, Mariya, 1
Omsk, 1
Omskaya Pravda, 1
Operation Bagration, 1, 2
five separate, co-ordinated strikes, 1
Minsk recaptured, 1, 2, 3
momentum exhausted by October 1944, 1
one of the war’s largest military campaigns, 1
planning, 1, 2
Operation Barbarossa, 1, 2, 3
Operation Overlord, 1
Operation Uranus, 1
opolchenie (citizens’ defence), 1, 2, 3, 4
Orange Revolution (January 2005), 1
Oranienburg, 1
Order no. 1, 2, 3
Order no. 1, 2
Orel, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Orthodox Church, 1, 2
Oskol, Staryi, 1
OSMBON (Motorized Infantry Brigade of the NKVD Special Forces), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Osoaviakhim (Society for Air and Chemical Defence), 1, 2, 3
Overy, Richard, 1, 2
‘Panfilov men’, 1
parachute clubs, 1, 2
Park of Victory in the Great Patriotic War, Pokhlonnaya Hill, Moscow, 1
partiinost’ (party spirit), 1
partisans, 1, 2, 3, 4
partkom (party committee), 1
Pashin, P. L., 1
Passchendaele, Battle of, 1
patriotism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
Paulus, General, 1, 2
Pavlov, Colonel-General D. G., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
peasant farming, 1
peasants
anger in Kursk region, 1
importance of land, stock and the next harvest, 1
the most resentful section of the population, 1
the peasant village, 1
in Red Army, 1, 2
penal battalions, 1
‘People’s Parties of Russia’, 1
Petrograd, 1
Petrov, Evgeny, 1
Podolsk, near Moscow, 1
poetry, 1
Poland, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
collectives in, 1
German and Soviet armies overrun, 1
German invasion of, 1
Katyn massacre, 1, 2, 3, 4
losses during the war, 1
and Nazi–Soviet pact, 1
prison camps, 1
Soviet troops enter, 1
trophies in, 1
Warsaw Uprising, 1
Poles, 1
police agents, 1
Polish army, 1
Polish campaign, 1
political officers (politruks), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36
politzei, 1, 2, 3, 4
Pomerania, 1
Ponomarenko, 1
portyanki (footcloths), 1, 2, 3
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 1, 2, 3
post-war adjustment process, 1
Potsdam, 1, 2
Potsdam conference (July 1945), 1
Pozharsky, Dmitry, 1
PPZh (pokhodno-polevye zheny; ‘marching field wives’), 1
Prague, 1
Pravda, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Pripet marshes, 1, 2, 3
prisoners-of-war
change in type of, 1
German treatment of, 1, 2
and Nazi military observers, 1
problems of containing, 1
Russian treatment of, 1, 2
Prokhorovka, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Prokofiev, Sergei, 1
propaganda
aimed at the army, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and the churches, 1
hate, 1, 2
and humour, 1
images of triumph, 1
Kopelev on, 1
state needs, 1
stereotypical images, 1
Prussia, 1, 2
looting, 1, 2
violent revenge by Red Army, 1
Pskov, 1, 2
Pukhovichi, 1
‘punished’ groups, 1
punishment units, 1, 2
Puppet Theatre, Moscow, 1
purges, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Pushkarev, Lev, 1, 2
Putin, Vladimir, 1
queues, 1
Rabichev, Leonid, 1, 2, 3
racism, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
radio, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
rape, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Raskova, Marina, 1
Red Army
accommodation problems, 1
the army as another universe, 1
artillery, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
camps for disgraced men, 1
captured troops, 1
casualties, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
closing of gap between officer and men, 1
collapse of, 1
combat motivation discussed, 1, 2, 3, 4
Communist Party’s instrument of progress, 1
compared with German army, 1
demobilization, 1, 2, 3
desertion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
destroyed and renewed at least twice during the war, 1
disabled veterans, 1
equipment in short supply, 1, 2
ethnic groups in, 1, 2, 3
exchange of prisoners with German army, 1
expansion of, 1, 2
farm work, 1, 2, 3, 4
folklore and superstition, 1
food, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
friendly with American troops in
Germany, 1
friendships, 1
General Staff, 1, 2, 3, 4
growing professionalism, 1
‘Hoorah!’ slogan, 1, 2, 3
hospitals and medical supplies, 1, 2, 3, 4
humour, 1, 2
ideology in, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
infantry, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
language (mat), 1
last major force left fighting Hitler’s armies on the ground, 1
military decorations, 1
morale, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
new pragmatism, 1
numbers in active service, 1, 2
as an occupation force, 1
officer élite, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
officers’ losses, 1
‘Panfilov men’, 1
primary groups (buddies), 1, 2, 3, 4
racial labelling, 1
radio communication, 1
reaction to Stalin’s speech
of, 3 July, 1941, 1
recruitment, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
reform, 1, 2
religious belief, 1, 2, 3
reservists, 1, 2, 3, 4
riflemen, 1
self-esteem, 1
special military academies, 1
stalls the Nazi advance on Moscow, 1, 2
stress, 1, 2, 3, 4
takes revenge in Germany, 1
tank armies, 1, 2, 3
tanks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
training programmes, 1, 2
transport problems, 1
uniforms, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
war crimes, 1
women recruited, 1
Red Army Day (23 February), 1, 2
Red Army newspaper, 1
Red Cavalry, 1
Red Cross, 1
Red Fleet, 1
‘red horde’, 1
Red Star newspaper, 1, 2, 3, 4
Reese, Roger, 1, 2
refugees, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Reichstag building, Berlin, 1
religion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Reuber, Kurt, 1, 2
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 1
rifles see under guns
Riga, 1
rocket launchers, 1
Rokossovsky, Konstantin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
Romania, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Romanovs, 1
Rommel, Erwin, 1
Rossosh’, 1
Rostov-on-Don, 1
fall of, 1, 2
retaken by Soviets, 1
Rotmistrov, General Pavel, 1
Rovno, 1
Rudneva, Zhenya, 1
Rudnya, near Smolensk, 1
Russia
deaths under Nazi occupation, 1
see also Soviet Union
Russian civil war (1918–21), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
daily reports and public debates, 1
illegal arrests and mass executions, 1
and naming of Stalingrad, 1
sloganeering days of, 1
‘Russian committees’, 1
Russian Liberation Army (ROA), 1
Russian Revolution (1917), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Russian ‘soul’, 1
Rzhev, 1
Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 1
Sakhalin, 1
samogon (home brew), 1, 2, 3
Samoilov, David, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
samostrel (self-inflicted wounds), 1
Sapun ridge, Crimea, 1
memorial, 1
schizophrenia, 1, 2
Schulenburg, Friedrich, Count von der, 1
scurvy, 1
secret police, 1, 2, 3
Seelow Heights, 1
Senyavskaya, Elena, 1
Serdyuk (at officer training camp), 1, 2
Sevastopol, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
sex
attitudes to, 1
lack of availability to Red Army, 1
rape, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shchelyabug, 1
Shevelev, Anatoly, 1, 2, 3, 4
show trials, 1, 2, 3
shtrafniki (members of the punishment units), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Siberians, 1, 2
Simferopol, 1, 2
Simon, Max, SS general, 1
Simonov, Konstantin, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
‘Kill Him!’, 1
The Living and the Dead, 1, 2
‘Wait for Me’, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Singer Sewing Machine plant, Berlin, 1
Sivash marshes, 1
Ivan's War Page 49