3.John Paul’s homily is in OR [EWE], March 1, 2000, p. 11.
4.See ibid., p. 5.
5.The meeting at al-Azhar, and the cordiality of Sheik Tantawi, seemed to presage a more fruitful dialogue between Catholics and Muslims. Eight months later, however, the sheik promoted the notion of a jihad, a holy war, against “the Israeli tyranny.” [Middle East Media Research Institute Bulletin #137, October 14, 2000.]
6.Cited in OR [EWE], March 1, 2000, pp. 6–7.
7.OR [EWE], March 1, 2000, pp. 1–2 [emphasis in original].
8.See OR [EWE], March 29, 2000, pp. 2–3.
9.Ibid., p. 5.
10.Ibid., p. 7. [emphasis in original].
11.The papal texts for the Holy Land pilgrimage may be found in ibid. A fuller account of the week may be found in my article “Holy Land Pilgrimage: A Diary,” First Things 104 (June/July 2000), pp. 27–34, from which much of the above is drawn.
12.There were even more informal “jubilees” for i dispensatori di benzina (gas-station attendants) and, on October 24–25, for pizza chefs.
13.John Paul II, Tertio Millennio Adveniente, 33.
14.OR [EWE], March 15, 2000, pp. 1–2 [emphasis in original].
15.See ZENIT News Service, March 12, 2000.
16.See “The Pope’s Apology,” New York Times, March 14, 2000; to date, the Times has not seen fit to ask the pardon of its readers, or any other authority, for its misreporting of Stalin’s regime during the 1930s or its romanticized depiction of Fidel Castro’s revolution in the 1950s. See also Robert A. Sirico, “The Pope’s Nostra Culpa,” Wall Street Journal, March 15, 2000.
17.For an overview, see Robert Royal, The Catholic Martyrs of the Twentieth Century: A Comprehensive World History (New York: Crossroad, 2000).
18.See ZENIT News Service, May 5, 2000; Catholic World Report, June 2000, pp. 30–31.
19.Ninety thousand French young people, the second-largest national group represented, came to WYD 2000, a surprising outgrowth of WYD 1997 in Paris that may have signaled a new religious situation in France.
20.See ZENIT News Service, August 22, 2000.
21.Marina Jiménez, “The game’s first star: Pope John Paul II,” National Post, August 18, 2000, p. A3.
22.See OR [EWE], August 23, 2000, pp. 1–3 [emphasis in original].
23.OR [EWE], May 3, 2000, p. 2 [emphasis in original]. The miracle that made possible Sister Faustina’s canonization involved Father Ronald Pytel, a Baltimore priest whose cure from inoperable and life-threatening heart disease took place after members of a local healing ministry had interceded with Blessed Faustina for him and after Father Pytel had venerated a relic of the Polish nun. [The Catholic Review, December 23, 1999, p. 4.]
24.See OR [EWE], June 28, 2000, for the texts of the Fátima “secrets” a conversation between Sister Maria Lucia, the surviving visionary, and Archbishop Tarcisio Bertone of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith about the interpretation of the “third secret” and Cardinal Ratzinger’s commentary.
25.In a letter to an Italian bishop, John XXIII wrote that “I always think of Pius IX, of holy and glorious memory and, imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization.” [Cited in ZENIT News Service, August 31, 2000.]
26.OR [EWE], September 6, 2000 [emphasis in original]. The “limits and conditioning” to which John Paul referred included the most mediagenic controversy prior to the beatification, which involved Pius’s relationship with Edgardo Mortara. In 1858, an illiterate housemaid had surreptitiously baptized Edgardo, the son of Jewish parents, when she thought he was dying. According to the law of the time in the Papal States, the child then had to be raised as a Catholic, for that is what he was, according to the Church’s understanding. Pius IX adopted the boy as his son; Edgardo, who later entered the seminary and was ordained a priest, spoke of his foster father, the Pope, with nothing but affection and praise until he died in 1940. The Mortara case sharpened a question that John Paul II himself had put on the Church’s agenda with his call for a “cleansing of conscience”: how are we to judge the actions of men and women who, by their lights, were acting in good will and according to the dictates of conscience, when those actions seem to us, according to what we would like to think is a more developed understanding, cruel, unnecessary, or contrary to the spirit of the Gospel?
That Pius IX’s was a catastrophic papacy at war with every aspect of the modern world is a judgment, widely propagated by the opponents of his beatification, not shared by the eminent Anglican historian Owen Chadwick; see his A History of the Popes 1830–1914 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998) for a balanced portrait of Pius IX. Among other insights, Chadwick suggests that this Pope, who wore his emotions on his sleeve and was extremely popular in the Catholic world of his time, in fact helped create the modern image of the Pope as a charismatic religious and moral leader rather than a European princeling.
27.The government of the PRC, further demonstrating its nervousness about the impact of religion in China, denounced those canonized as “agents of imperialism.” [Washington Post, September 27, 2000, p. A16.]
28.OR [EWE], May 24, 2000, p. 3.
29.Jonathan Luxmoore, “Pope Weeps as He Watches Polish Film,” The Universe, January 30, 2000.
30.See OR [EWE], May 10, 2000, pp. 6–9.
31.OR [EWE], June 21, 2000.
32.Sarah Delaney, “Italy Pardons Pope’s Assailant,” Washington Post, June 14, 2000, p. 1; “Pope’s Role in Agca’s Release Confirmed,” National Catholic Register, July 30–August 5, 2000; ZENIT News Service, August 10, 2000.
33.The Greek Orthodox Church was also embroiled throughout the jubilee year in a controversy with the Greek government, which proposed to remove religious affiliation from the national identification card, an issue on which the Orthodox were in conflict with other Christian communities in Greece. On the Emmitsburg meeting, see SEIA Newsletter 58 (July 20, 2000), pp. 1–2.
34.ZENIT News Service, August 8, 2000.
35.The full text of Dominus Iesus was an insert in OR [EWE], September 6, 2000, and may also be found in Origins 30:14 (September 14, 2000).
36.National Catholic Register, August 13–19, 2000.
37.The full text of the Pope’s address is in OR [EWE], August 30, 2000, pp. 1–2 [emphasis in original].
38.Second Reading, Office of Readings, Memorial of St. Gregory the Great, The Liturgy of the Hours.
Bibliography
I. WORKS BY KAROL WOJTYŁA/POPE JOHN PAUL II
WORKS BY KAROL WOJTYŁA
The Acting Person. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1979.
The Collected Plays and Writings on Theater, with introductions by Bołesław Taborski. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Człowiek w polu odpowiedzialności. Rome-Lublin: John Paul II Institute, 1991.
En Esprit et En Vérité. Paris: Le Centurion, 1980.
Faith According to St. John of the Cross. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1981.
I miei amici. Rome: CSEO Biblioteca, 1979.
Love and Responsibility. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1993.
Miłość i odpowiedzialność, edited by Tadeusz Styczeń, Jerzy W. Gałkowski, Adam Rodziński, and Andrzej Szostek. Lublin: KUL Press, 1986.
Osoba y czyn: oraz inne studia antropologiczne, edited by Tadeusz Styczeń, Wojciech Chudy, Jerzy W. Gałkowski, Adam Rodziński, and Andrzej Szostek. Lublin: KUL Press, 1994.
Person and Community: Selected Essays. New York: Peter Lang, 1993.
The Place Within: The Poetry of Pope John Paul II. New York: Random House, 1994.
Poesie: L’opera poetica completa. Rome: TEI Newton, 1994.
Poezje i dramaty. Kraków: Znak, 1979; rev. edition, 1998.
Rozwaznia o istocie Człowieka [mimeographed texts of November 1951 lectures on the nature of the human person, provided to the author by Danuta Rybicka].
Sign of Contradiction. New York: Seabury, 1979.
Sources of Renewal: The
Implementation of Vatican II. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1980.
The Way to Christ: Spiritual Exercises. New York: HarperCollins, 1994.
The Word Made Flesh: The Meaning of the Christmas Season. New York: HarperCollins, 1994.
Wykłady lubelskie, edited by Tadeusz Styczeń, Jerzy W. Gałkowski, Adam Rodziński, and Andrzej Szostek. Lublin: KUL Press, 1986.
Zagadnienie podmiotu moralności, edited by Tadeusz Styczeń, Jerzy W. Gałkowski, Adam Rodziński, and Andrzej Szostek. Lublin: KUL Press, 1991.
WORKS BY POPE JOHN PAUL II
Ad Limina Addresses: The Addresses of His Holiness Pope John Paul II to the Bishops of the United States During Their Ad Limina Visits, March 5–December 9, 1988. Washington, D.C.: United States Catholic Conference, 1989.
Assisi: World Day of Prayer for Peace. Vatican City: Pontifical Commission “Iustitia et Pax,” 1987.
Blessed Are the Pure of Heart. Boston: St. Paul Books and Media, 1983.
Crossing the Threshold of Hope. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.
Curriculum Philosophicum [unpublished autobiographical memorandum provided to the author].
The Encyclicals of John Paul II, edited with introductions by J. Michael Miller, CSB. Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, 1996.
The Far East Journey of Peace and Brotherhood. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1981.
France: Message of Peace, Trust, Love and Faith. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1980.
Germany: Pilgrimage of Unity and Peace. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1981.
Gift and Mystery: On the Fiftieth Anniversary of My Priestly Ordination. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
Giornata Mondiale di Preghiera per la Pace nei Balcani: La pace e possibile!. Vatican City: Tipografia Vaticana, January 23, 1994.
God, Father and Creator: A Catechesis on the Creed. Vol. 1. Boston: Pauline Books and Media, 1996.
The Holy See at the Service of Peace: Pope John Paul II Addresses to the Diplomatic Corps (1978–1988). Vatican City: Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, 1988.
Insegnamenti di Giovanni Paolo II. 18 vols. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana.
Jesus, Son and Savior: A Catechesis on the Creed. Vol. 2. Boston: Pauline Books and Media, 1996.
John Paul II at the Gregorian University and the Biblical Institute. Rome: Tipografia P.U.G., 1980.
John Paul II for Peace in the Middle East. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1991.
John Paul II Speaks to Youth at World Youth Day. San Francisco/Washington, D.C.: Ignatius Press/Catholic New Service, 1993.
Letters to My Brother Priests: Holy Thursday (1979–1994), edited by James P. Socias. Princeton/Chicago: Scepter Publishers/Midwest Theological Forum, 1994.
Original Unity of Man and Woman. Boston: St. Paul Books and Media, 1981.
Papal Allocutions to the Roman Rota, 1939–1994, edited by William H. Woestman, OMI. Ottawa: Saint Paul University, 1994.
Pilgrim to Poland. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1979.
The Pope Speaks to the American Church: John Paul II’s Homilies, Speeches, and Letters to Catholics in the United States. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.
The Pope Speaks to India. Bandra-Bombay: St. Paul Publications, 1986.
The Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortations of John Paul II, edited with introductions by J. Michael Miller, CSB. Huntington, Ind.: Our Sunday Visitor Publishing Division, 1998.
Prayers and Devotions, edited by Peter Canisius Johannes Van Lierde. New York: Viking, 1994.
Le Mie Preghiere. Rome: Grandi Tascabili Economici Newton, 1995.
Priesthood in the Third Millennium: Addresses of Pope John Paul II, 1993. Princeton/Chicago: Scepter Publishers/Midwest Theological Forum, 1994.
Puebla: A Pilgrimage of Faith. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1979.
Reflections on Humanae Vitae. Boston: St. Paul Books and Media, 1984.
The Social Teaching of John Paul II: The True Dimensions of Development Today, Texts of John Paul II (August 1979–February 1982). Vatican City: Tipografia Poliglotta Vaticana, 1982.
The Spirit, Giver of Life and Love: A Catechesis on the Creed. Vol. 3. Boston: Pauline Books and Media, 1996.
Spiritual Pilgrimage: Texts on Jews and Judaism 1979–1995, edited by Eugene J. Fisher and Leon Klenicki. New York: Crossroad, 1995.
The Theology of the Body. Boston: Pauline Books and Media, 1997.
The Theology of Marriage and Celibacy. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1986.
Turkey: Ecumenical Pilgrimage. Boston: St. Paul Editions, 1980.
PAPAL DOCUMENTS CITED IN THE TEXT
ENCYCLICALS
Redemptor Hominis. 1979.
Dives in Misericordia. 1980.
Laborem Exercens. 1981.
Slavorum Apostoli. 1985.
Dominum et Vivificantem. 1986.
Redemptoris Mater. 1987.
Sollicitudo Rei Socialis. 1987.
Redemptoris Missio. 1990.
Centesimus Annus. 1991.
Veritatis Splendor. 1993.
Evangelium Vitae. 1995.
Ut Unum Sint. 1995.
Fides et Ratio. 1998.
POST-SYNODAL APOSTOLIC EXHORTATIONS
Catechesi Tradendae. 1979.
Familiaris Consortio. 1981.
Reconciliatio et Paenitentia. 1984.
Christifideles Laici. 1988.
Pastores Dabo Vobis. 1992.
Ecclesia in Africa. 1995.
Vita Consecrata. 1996.
APOSTOLIC CONSTITUTIONS
Sapientia Christiana. 1979.
Sacrae Disciplinae Leges. 1983.
Divinus Perfectionis Magister. 1983.
Pastor Bonus. 1988.
Ex Corde Ecclesiae. 1990.
Fidei Depositum. 1992.
Universi Dominici Gregis. 1996.
APOSTOLIC LETTERS
Dominicae Cenae. 1980.
Egregiae Virtutis. 1980.
Redemptionis Anno. 1984.
To the Youth of the World. 1985.
Euntes in Mundum. 1988.
Ecclesia Dei. 1988.
Mulieris Dignitatem. 1988.
On the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Beginning of the Second World War. 1989.
Ordinatio Sacerdotalis. 1994.
Tertio Millennio Adveniente. 1994.
Orientale Lumen. 1995.
For the Fourth Centenary of the Union of Brest. 1995.
Ad Tuendam Fidem. 1998.
Dies Domini. 1998.
Apostolos Suos. 1998.
LETTERS AND MESSAGES
For the Sixth Centenary of the Death of St. Catherine of Siena. 1980.
To Leonid Brezhnev. 1980.
For the Fifth Centenary of the Birth of Martin Luther. 1983.
Salvifici Doloris. 1984.
To Mikhail Gorbachev. 1988.
To George Bush and Saddam Hussein. 1991.
Letter to Families. 1994.
Letter to Children. 1994.
Letter to Women. 1995.
II. STUDIES OF KAROL WOJTYŁA/POPE JOHN PAULII
Accatoli, Luigi. Quando Il Papa Chiede Perdono: Tutti i Mea Culpa di Giovanni Paolo II. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1997. English edition: When a Pope Asks Forgiveness: The Mea Culpa’s of John Paul II. Boston: Pauline Books and Media, 1998.
— . Karol Wojtyła: L’uomo di fine millennio. Milan: San Paolo, 1998.
Baum, Gregory, and Robert Ellsberg, eds. The Logic of Solidarity: Commentaries on Pope John Paul II’s Encyclical “On Social Concern.” Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1989.
Beigel, Gerard. Faith and Social Justice in the Teaching of Pope John Paul II. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. Bernstein, Carl, and Marco Politi. His Holiness: John Paul II and the Hidden History of Our Time. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
Biffi, Franco. The “Social Gospel” of Pope John Paul II: A Guide to the Encyclicals on Human Work and the Authentic Development of Peoples. Rome: Pontifical Lateran University, 1989.
Blazynski, George. Pope John Paul II
: A Man from Kraków. London: Sphere, 1979.
Boniecki, Adam, MIC. Kalendarium zycia Karola Wojtyły. Kraków: Znak, 1979. English translation by Irena and Thaddeus Mirecki et al.
Bujak, Adam, and Michał Rozek. Wojtyła. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo DolnoŚląsk,ie, 1997.
Buttiglione, Rocco. Karol Wojtyła: The Thought of the Man Who Became Pope John Paul II. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Cielecki, Jarosław. Wikary z Niegowici: Ksiądz Karol Wojtyła. Częstochowa: Tygodnik Katolicki Niedziela, 1996.
Coyne, George V., SJ, Robert John Russell, and William R. Stoeger, SJ, eds. John Paul II on Science and Religion: Reflections on the New View from Rome. Rome: Vatican Observatory Publications, 1990.
Craig, Mary. Man from a Far Country: A Portrait of Pope John Paul II. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1979.
Dulles, Avery, SJ. The Splendor of Faith: The Theological Vision of Pope John Paul II. New York: Crossroad, 1999.
Filipiak, Maria, and Andrzej Szostek, MIC, eds. Obecność: Karol Wojtyła w Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim. Lublin: Redakcja Wydawnictw KUL, 1989.
Frossard, André. Portrait of John Paul II. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1990.
Frossard, André, and Pope John Paul II. Be Not Afraid! New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.
Gasidło, Władsysław. Duszpasterska troska Kardynała Karola Wojtyły o rodzin. Kraków: Archdiocese of Kraków, 1996.
Hebblethwaite, Peter, and Ludwig Kauffman, John Paul II: A Pictorial Biography. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.
Henze, Paul B. The Plot to Kill the Pope. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1983; rev. paperback edition with a new postscript, 1985.
Hitchcock, James. The Pope and the Jesuits: John Paul II and the New Order in the Society of Jesus. New York: National Committee of Catholic Laymen, 1984.
Hütter, Reinhard, and Theodor Dieter, eds. Ecumenical Ventures in Ethics: Protestants Engage Pope John Paul II’s Moral Encyclicals. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
Janik, Jerzy, ed. Nauka Religia Dzieje: Co to znaczy realnie być…? VII Seminarium w Castel Gandolfo, 8–10 sierpnia 1995. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 1996.
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