The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich

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The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich Page 199

by William Shirer


  Naples, 1001, 1002

  Napoleon, 98, 111, 206, 448, 542, 629, 760fn., 769fn., 812, 829, 851–52, 853, 859, 860, 865, 867, 868, 1015, 1028

  Napoleon III, 95, 723

  Narew river, 497, 532, 541, 629, 631

  Narvik, 674, 676, 681, 695, 696, 700–1, 707, 708, 709, 711, 721, 752, 810, 930

  National Assembly, German, 31, 57, 59

  National Club, Berlin, 44

  National Liberais, 56

  National Political Institutes of Education, 255

  National Redoubt, 1105–6

  National Socialist Association of University Lecturers, 249

  National Socialist German Freedom Movement, 112, 118, 123

  National Socialist movement (ideology), 25, 36, 38, 39, 40–41, 83–85, 97–104, 108–9, 117, 120–21, 249, 1029, 1030, 1042, 1070–71, 1082, 1123, 1125, 1128

  National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party, or N.S.D.A.P., 3, 19, 22, 24, 63, 112, 121–23, 129, 154, 159, 160, 165, 168, 173, 184, 185, 189–92, 194, 240, 314–15, 372, 373, 430–31, 562, 563, 663, 834, 837, 1061, 1064, 1065, 1080; establishment and early growth, 41–51; “second revolution” and “socialism” in, 41, 123, 126, 128, 143, 147, 176, 180, 204–8, 213–15, 232, 261; Hitler’s dictatorship in, 44–46; suppressed after putsch attempt, 72, 75, 111–12; election campaigns, 118, 138, 152, 153, 156–59, 166, 171–72, 180–81, 194–96, 211–12; structure, 119–21, 252–53, 255, 263; factional strife in, 122–23, 126–29, 143–44, 147, 172, 174, 180, 181, 204–8, 216; financial aid from big business, 134, 142–45, 172, 176, 178, 179, 203; gains support in Army, 139–42, 146–49; activities in Reichstag, 162, 170–72, 174, 179, 181, 199; sole party in Germany, 201; control of churches, 234–40; of arts and professions, 242, 244, 246; of education, 249, 251; of farmers, 257; of labor, 263–64; of courts, 268–69; terror tactics, 194, 221, 226, 231, 233, 237, 239, 271, 276, 351, 369, 372, 956–63, 993, 1139; in Austria, 279, 280, 296, 323, 328, 330–33, 337fn., 340–41, 350, 351; in Sudetenland, 359, 360, 363, 376–77, 381fn., 383

  National Socialist Teachers’ League, 249

  Nationalists, see German National People’s Party

  Natzweiler, 981

  Naujocks, Alfred Helmut, 518–19, 594–95, 599, 653, 654

  Naval High Command, 636, 638, 844; see also Raeder, Adm. Erich

  Naval War Staff, 637, 679, 758–59, 763–64, 766, 768, 770, 772–73, 818, 829

  Navy, German, 58fn., 211, 305, 317, 318, 321, 354, 401, 529, 766–68, 772–73, 853, 1003, 1008, 1048, 1098, 1121–22, 1125, 1126, 1130; Hitler’s pledges to, 207, 214–15; rebuilding program, 281–82, 287–89, 299, 487–89; Memel, seizure of, 456, 461–62; preparations for war, 456, 468, 487–89, 518, 520, 524–25, 590; U-boats, 281, 289, 518, 520, 524, 571, 622, 635–36, 646, 667, 710, 879–83, 895, 902, 912, 913, 996, 1007, 1008, 1099; war operations: in Atlantic, 622, 635–38, 646, 879–83, 895, 902, 913, 1007, 1008, 1036, 1039; ship sinkings, 622, 635–36, 637–38, 646, 913, 1007; ship losses, 669, 707, 709, 711–12, 773, 781, 1000fn; Norway invasion, 673–75, 679, 681, 696–97, 701, 707, 709–12; invasion of Britain, 752, 756, 758–59, 761, 763–74, 781; Mediterranean offensive urged, 816–20, 828–29; operations against Russia, 845; surrender negotiations, 1138

  Nazi–Soviet Pact, 513–16, 520–28, 531, 535fn., 538–45, 547, 544–55, 562, 563, 566, 570, 578, 609, 626, 631, 794, 801, 802, 839, 847, 849

  Near East, 812

  Nebe, Arthur, 373–74, 1054–55, 1072

  Neff, Walter, 987, 988

  Netherlands, 281, 307, 470, 516, 531, 561, 590, 592, 640, 711, 717, 719, 723, 886; German war plans against, 486, 487, 519fn., 644–47, 649–52, 656, 658, 665, 669, 671, 672, 694, 710, 714–19, 739, 793; conquest of, 713, 720–24; German occupation of, 759, 943, 956–57, 969, 1090, 1099, 1126, 1138

  Netherlands Air Force, 955

  Netherlands Army, 718, 722, 723

  Neudeck, 181, 182, 214, 219, 228–229

  Neuhaus, 662fn.

  Neumann, Franz L., 60

  Neunzert, Lieutenant, 72

  Neurath, Baron Konstantin von, 164, 184, 229, 276, 283, 291, 295, 298, 301, 305, 308, 309, 310, 319, 320, 323, 335, 345, 365, 415, 448, 662, 991, 1032, 1142–43

  “Neville Chamberlain” (Masefield), 384fn.

  “New Beginning, A” (Hitler editorial), 118, 122

  Newton, Sir Basil, 390

  New York, 376, 685fn.

  New York Journal-American, 748

  New York Times, 245, 397fn., 477fn., 595fn., 748fn., 897fn.

  Nibelungenlied, 102

  Niblack (U.S. destroyer), 880, 883fn.

  Nidda, Krug von, 924

  Niederdorf, 918fn., 1074

  Niekisch, Ernst, 373

  Niemen river, 851–52

  Niemoeller, Rev. Martin, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 352, 655fn.

  Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102–3, 110, 111

  Nieuwe Maas river, 721, 722

  Nikitchenko, Gen. I. T., 959

  Nile river, 913, 914, 919, 925

  Noël, Léon, 536, 543fn., 586, 605fn., 743

  Nomura, Adm. Kichisaburo, 873fn., 884–87, 891, 892

  Nordic Society, 676

  Norge (Norw. naval vessel), 701

  Normandy, 1037, 1038, 1040, 1076, 1085, 1089, 1092

  North Africa, 740, 757, 812, 813, 817, 818, 820, 827, 829, 850, 902, 910–14, 919–25, 928–29, 995, 1009, 1029, 1079; Allied landing in, 921–25, 933

  North German Confederation, 95

  North Germanic Union, 769

  North Sea, 646, 673, 695, 720, 764, 768

  Norway, 561, 716, 805, 841; German war plans against, 673–83, 689, 694; Altmark incident, 679–80; invasion of, 698, 700–13, 719, 721, 793, 826; history of monarchy, 704fn.; German occupation of, 709fn., 752, 768, 775, 801, 811, 914, 956–57, 993

  Norwegian Army, 676, 678, 704, 708, 709

  Norwegian Leads, 696

  Noske, Gustav, 55, 60

  “November criminals,” 32, 38, 63, 69, 70, 112

  N.S. Briefe, 123

  N.S.D.A.P., see National Socialist German Workers’ Party

  Nuremberg, 26, 44, 50, 63, 90, 207, 340, 378–79, 987, 1106, 1107, 1111, 1141–43

  Nuremberg Laws (Sept. 15, 1935), 233, 274fn., 431, 439

  Nuremberg party rallies, 90, 207, 230, 264, 378, 382–83, 406, 425, 518, 562, 1107

  Nybergsund, 705, 706

  Oberg, Maj. Gen. Karl, 1060, 1075, 1076

  Oberheuser, Dr. Herta, 990

  Obersalzberg, see Berchtesgaden

  Occupied Eastern Territories, Ministry for the, 940, 952

  Ochs-Adler, Col. Julius, 750fn.

  Ochsner, Colonel, 869

  Oder river, 1097, 1103, 1106, 1109, 1120

  Odessa, 811

  Ohlendorf, Otto, 953, 958–62, 963fn.

  OKH, see Army High Command

  OKM (Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine, High Command of the Navy), 638

  OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, High Command of the Armed Forces), 318, 335, 363, 379, 400, 482, 795, 816, 825, 1027, 1047, 1049, 1050, 1072, 1115, 1130; Austrian, Czech invasion plans, 335, 360–61, 370, 375, 377, 378, 387, 393, 421, 428; Polish invasion, 469, 487, 518, 529fn., 532, 551, 595fn., 599, 629, 660–61; western front, 640, 644, 652, 656, 671, 716–20, 722, 723, 725–29, 731–35, 1038; Norway campaign, 673, 678, 679, 681, 696; activities in U.S., 684, 685, 749fn.; Battle of Britain, 761, 756, 758, 760, 763–68; Barbarossa, 797, 799, 810, 812, 822, 829, 831, 853, 856–58, 918fn., 919, 925, 929, 933, 952, 953; Mediterranean and N. Africa, 921, 922, 924; Italian defection, 996, 999, 1001, 1006; surrender, 1138; see also Jodl; Keitel

  Abwehr (Intelligence Bureau), 331fn., 374, 377, 462, 518, 558, 648–49, 654, 685, 693, 1018, 1019, 1024, 1026, 1029, 1036, 1043fn., 1045, 1072; see also Canaris; Oster

  Economic and Armaments Branch, 413fn., 517, 667fn., 799; see also Thomas, Gen. Georg

  Olav Trygverson (Norw. mine layer), 702

  Olbricht, Gen. Friedrich, 904, 1018–19, 1027, 1029, 1030, 1035, 1036, 1
045, 1046–47, 1054, 1057, 1058–59, 1060–61, 1064fn., 1065, 1066–67, 1068

  Olden, Rudolf, 19fn., 26, 128

  Oldenburg, 163

  Olympic games (1936), 232–33, 234, 835

  Operations (code names):

  Aida, 913

  Alpine Violets, 821

  Attila, 820–21

  Axis, 1000, 1001

  Bernhard, 519fn.

  Black (Schwarz), 1000

  Citadel, 1006

  Dynamo, 735

  Eagle (Adlerangriffe), 774–75

  Flash, 1018–21

  Greif, 1090fn., 1092fn.

  Hercules, 913

  Himmler, 518

  Isabella, 817

  Marita, 823, 824

  Oak (Eiche), 1000, 1003

  Punishment, 826

  Student, 1000

  Sunflower, 821

  Typhoon, 859

  Winter Gale, 927

  Oppeln, 519

  Oppenheim, 1101, 1102

  Oradour-sur-Glane, 993

  Oran, 923

  Oranienburg, 272, 571

  Order Castles (Ordensburgen), 255

  Ordnertruppe, 42

  Orel, 854, 863, 1006

  Orleans, 1085

  Orne river, 1038

  Oshima, Gen. Hiroshi, 872, 885, 887–88, 889, 890, 891, 893, 895, 896

  Oskar, Prince of Prussia, 907

  Oskarsborg, 702–3

  Oslo, 614fn., 639, 676, 677, 681, 695, 697, 698, 701, 702–3, 704, 705, 708, 709fn., 710, 721

  “Oslo” powers, 561

  Ostend, 770

  Oster, Col. Hans, 374, 380, 381, 405, 406–7, 558, 563, 596, 648–51, 652, 654, 694, 715–16, 846fn., 904, 1017, 1024, 1073

  Osthilfe (Eastern Relief), 180, 181

  “Ostiand,” 832

  Ott, Gen. Eugen, 173, 174, 877, 878, 884, 886, 889, 893fn.

  Otto, Crown Prince, of Austria, 304, 333–34, 335

  “Otto” (Code name), 810; see also Case

  Otto

  Oumansky, Constantine, 544fn., 843

  Oven, Margarete von, 1035

  Pacholegg, Anton, 985

  Pacific, 873, 875, 877fn., 901

  Pact of Steel, 482–84, 511fn., 553, 556, 565, 603

  Paderewski, Ignace, 784

  Palatinate, 1101

  Palestine, 747, 813

  Pan-American Neutrality Patrol, 880

  Pan-German Nationalists (Austrian), 22–25

  Papen, Franz von, 3, 4, 56fn., 167, 169, 170–75, 189, 191, 192, 196, 216, 227–29, 234, 321fn., 357, 1126; background, 164–66; intrigues with and against Hitler, 177–84; named Vice-Chancellor and Prussian Premier, 183–86; booted out of Prussian premiership, 204; protests Nazi excesses, 215, 218, 219; escapes purge, 222, 223; minister to Austria, 229, 280, 296, 319; role in Anschluss, 323–33, 338, 342, 343, 348; acquitted at Nuremberg, 1142–43

  Paris, 177, 404, 420, 423, 425, 430, 436–37, 487, 595, 726, 738, 741, 760, 794, 945, 1054, 1060, 1074–75, 1085

  Paris Peace Conference, 359

  Parsifal (Wagner), 103

  “Party Rally of Peace,” 467, 518, 562

  Pas de Calais, 762, 1037

  Pasewalk, 29, 32

  Pastors’ Emergency League, 238

  Patch, Gen. Alexander, 1086

  Patria, S.S., 377

  Patriotic Front, 338

  Patton, Gen. George S., 1076, 1085, 1086, 1089, 1093, 1094, 1101, 1102

  Paul, Prince Regent of Yugoslavia, 823

  Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich, 830, 840, 909, 918fn., 919, 926–27, 929–34, 1014–15

  Pearl Harbor, 870, 887, 888, 891, 892, 893, 894, 896, 899, 901fn.

  peasants, German, 91–94, 236, 256–57

  Pechel, Rudolf, 558

  Peenemunde, 1009

  Peiper, Col. Jochen, 1095fn.

  Peipus, Lake, 1052

  Pemsel, Maj. Gen. Max, 1038, 1039

  People’s Court (Volksgericht), 269, 375, 1023, 1025fn., 1060fn., 1068, 1070–71, 1072, 1073, 1074, 1076–77, 1079, 1080

  People’s Marine Division, 54, 55

  People’s Party, Bavarian, see Bavarian People’s Party

  People’s Party, German, see German People’s Party

  Pershing, Gen. John J., 750fn.

  Persia, see Iran

  Persian Gulf, 805, 809, 829, 915

  Perth, Lord, 408

  Pertinax (André Géraud), 390, 424fn.

  Petacci, Clara, 1005, 1131

  Pétain, Marshal Henri Philippe, 643fn., 737, 738, 741, 745–46, 747, 812, 814–15, 923–24

  Peter, King of Yugoslavia, 823, 826

  Peters, Dr. Gerhard, 972

  Petersberg, 391

  Petersdorff, Captain von, 942

  Petsamo, 811, 846

  Petzel, Gen. Walter, 557

  Pfaffenberger, Andreas, 984

  Philip, Prince of Hesse, 146, 336, 343, 352, 984fn., 1003

  Phipps, Sir Eric, 384, 610, 617

  Picasso, Pablo, 244

  Piedmont, 554

  Pichelsdorf, 1129, 1137

  Pierlot, Hubert, 729

  Piffraeder, Oberfuehrer, 1061

  Pilsudski, Marshal Józef, 209, 213, 458

  Pinder, Professor, 251

  Pissa river, 629, 631

  Pitman, Key, 478fn.

  Pittsburgh, Pa., 358

  Pius XI, Pope 235

  Pius XII, Pope (Eugenio Pacelli), 234, 561, 648, 693, 747, 1024

  Plettenberg, Countess Elizabeth von, 1026

  Ploen, 1134

  Ploesti, 1085

  Ploetzensee prison, 1071, 1076

  Poehner, Ernst, 71

  Poelzl, Klara, see Hitler, Klara Poelzl

  Poetsch, Dr. Leopold, 13

  Pohl, Dr. Emil, 974

  Pohl, Oswald, 963–64, 974

  Poincaré, Raymond, 61

  Pokorny, Dr. Adolf, 979–80, 990

  Poland, 41, 84, 209, 211, 282, 283, 359, 466fn., 639–43, 657, 692, 693, 710; created by Versailles Treaty, 58, 458–59; nonaggression pact with Hitler, 212–13, 286; relations with France, 212–13, 295, 299, 306, 426–27, 457, 458; German plans for war with, 304, 437, 463, 467–69, 484–89, 491, 494, 496–99, 507–11, 513, 515–21, 525–32, 542, 556–57, 565, 589–91; policy toward Czechs, 362, 368, 377, 387–88, 417fn., 421; toward Russia, 377, 457, 459, 460, 464, 469, 478, 495, 460, 536–37, 543; Hitler demands 461, Danzig and Corridor, 455–61, 462, 463–71, 499, 500; British, French 463, representations in support of, 464, 464–66, 469, 472, 495, 504, 465, 506, 516–17, 533–38, 545–51, 466, 556–57, 562, 568–89, 591–93, 467, 600–2, 604–20, 634; Nazi–Soviet 468, talks on partition of, 482, 501, 469, 505, 515–21, 541–44, 562; Italy refuses to enter war against, 551—57, 564–68, 603–4; German propaganda campaign against, 563–64, 575–76, 593–95; German invasion and conquest of, 597, 600, 603, 619–20, 625–27, 632, 633, 635, 714–15, 719, 720, 838, 1124; Russian invasion of, 626–32, 639; German occupation of, 659–65, 687, 782, 796, 799, 808, 832, 839, 842, 904, 937, 938, 944, 945, 947–48, 950, 956–58, 964–68, 974–79, 993, 1009fn., 1139, 1143; liberation, 1007, 1041, 1090, 1096–97

  Polish Air Force, 600, 625

  Polish Army, 462, 469, 472, 520, 536–37, 542, 557, 620, 621, 625, 626, 633–35, 708

  Polish Corridor, 212, 455, 457, 461, 462, 464, 465, 471, 497, 509, 546, 563, 569, 572–73, 575, 576, 577, 582, 583, 608–9, 625

  Polish Navy, 695

  Political Workers’ Circle, 36

 

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