by Vivek Kaul
186 PK Nanda, ‘AICTE to cut number of engineering college seats by 600,000’,Mint, September 25, 2015.
187 Institute for Human Development, 2014.
188 G Kuber, ‘In Maharashtra, education is an extension of politics’, The Economic Times, September 29, 2003.
189 SE Landsburg, The Armchair Economist, Free Press, 2012.
190 Ibid.
191 P Malmgren, Signals—How Everyday Signs can Help Us Navigate the World’s Turbulent Economy, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2016.
192 A Tilotia, ‘How many graduates are required to change a light bulb?’, Kotak Institutional Equities, June 26, 2015.
193 Tilotia, 2015.
194 Tilotia, June 2015.
195 P Sahoo, ‘Maharashtra: 38% seats vacant in engineering colleges, online registration till August 5’, The Indian Express, July 31, 2016.
196 R Sujatha, ‘Over 1 lakh engineering seats to remain vacant this year too’, The Hindu, March 14, 2016.
197 Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2370, Answered by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, August 1, 2016.
198 Ibid.
199 S John, ‘This Life is Reserved for L&T’, Daily News and Analysis,November 15, 2007.
200 Landsburg, 2012.
201 Institute for Human Development, 2014.
202 Tilotia, 2015.
6. From Son of India to Make in India
203 SY Deodhar, ‘Make in India—Re-chanting the Mantra with a Difference’, IIM Ahmedabad Working Paper, February 2015.
204 S Sanghi and A Srija, Make in India and the potential for job creation, Sector in Focus, CII, Aug-Sep 2015.
205 Make in India: Reason & Vision for the initiative. Available at www.makeinindia.com.
206 The National Manufacturing Policy, 2011.
207 Deodhar, 2015.
208 TN Ninan, The Turn of the Tortoise—The Challenge and Promise of India’s Future, Penguin Books India, 2015.
209 Ibid.
210 V Joshi, India’s Long Road—The Search for Prosperity,Penguin & Allen Lane, 2016.
211 Ibid.
212 The National Manufacturing Policy, 2011.
213 Ibid.
214 Ninan, 2015.
215 J Nehru, The Discovery of India, Penguin Books India,New Edition, 2008.
216 Deodhar, 2015.
217 A Panagariya, India—The Emerging Giant, Oxford University Press, 2008.
218 S Baru, 1991—How P.V. Narasimha Rao Made History, Aleph,2016.
219 DK Dash, ‘Chinese manufacturers up their game to conform to Indian standards’, The Times of India, May 5, 2015.
220 R Sharma, The Rise and Fall of Nations—Ten Rules of Chance in the Post-Crisis World, Allen Lane, 2016.
221 The Economic Survey of 2015-2016.
222 Joshi, 2016.
223 Sharma, 2016.
224 H-J Chang, Bad Samaritans—The Guilty Secrets of Rich Nations and the Threat to Global Prosperity, Random House Business Books, 2008.
225 A Tilotia, ‘How many graduates does it take to change a light bulb?’, Kotak Institutional Equities, June 2015.
226 Ibid.
227 Sharma, 2016.
228 Joshi, 2016.
229 Deodhar, 2015.
230 Ibid.
231 A Tilotia, The Making of India—Gamechanging Transitions,Rupa Publications India, 2015.
232 Ibid.
233 Ibid.
234 Ibid.
235 Ibid.
236 Ibid.
237 Joshi, 2016.
238 A Bhattacharya, A Bruce and A Mukherjee, Make In India,Turning Vision Into Reality, Boston Consulting Group and CII, November 2014.
239 Ibid.
240 Ibid.
241 Sharma, 2016.
242 Ibid.
243 The Economic Survey of 2015-2016.
244 A Amirapu and A Subramanian, ‘Manufacturing or Services? An Indian Illustration of a Development Dilemma’, Working Paper 409, Centre for Global Development, June 2015.
245 Ibid.
246 Ibid.
247 Ibid.
248 Ibid.
249 Ibid.
250 Ibid.
251 Ibid.
252 Ibid.
253 The Economic Survey of 2015-2016.
254 Sharma, 2016.
255 World Trade Organisation, International Trade Statistics, 2015.
256 J Mendonca and N Alawadhi, ‘IT sector to lose 6.4 lakh jobs to automation by 2021: HfS Research’, The Times of India, July 5, 2016.
257 R Bergman, Utopia for Realists—The Case for a Universal Basic Income, Open Borders and a 15-Hour Workweek, The Correspondent, 2016.
258 Agence France-Presse, ‘Reboot: Adidas to make shoes in Germany again – but using robots’, May 25, 2016.
259 J Wakefield, ‘Foxconn replaces 60,000 factory workers with robots’, BBC.com, May 25, 2016.
260 TNN and Agencies, ‘Raymond to replace 10,000 jobs with robots in next 3 years’, September 16, 2016.
261 Sharma, 2016.
262 JY Kim, The World Bank Group’s Mission: To End Extreme Poverty, World Bank President’s speech on October 3, 2016.
263 YN Harari, Homo Deus—A Brief History of Tomorrow, Harper,2016.
264 Ibid.
265 Ibid.
266 Sharma, 2016.
267 Ibid.
268 ‘A Conversation with John Markoff.’ Available at https://www.edge.org/conversation/john_markoff-the-next-wave Accessed on October 12, 2016.
269 B Bonner, Hormegeddon—How Too Much of a Good Thing Leads to Disaster, Lioncrest Publishing, 2014.
270 Bergman, 2016.
271 R Rajan, Make in India, Largely for India, The Bharat Ram Memorial Lecture, New Delhi, December 12, 2014.
272 D Joshi and A Verma, Trade Deficit with China, the elephant in the room, CRISIL Economy Quickbyte, April 2016.
273 Ibid.
274 Bhattacharya et al., 2014.
275 Ninan, 2015.
276 Bhattacharya et al., 2014.
277 World Bank, More and Better Jobs in South Asia, 2012.
278 M Madhu, ‘Is India really power surplus?’,The Hindu Business Line, July 10, 2016.
279 RK Singh, ‘India Set to Have First Power Surplus in at Least Eight Years’, Bloomberg, July 4, 2016.
280 Madhu, 2016.
281 Ibid.
282 Joshi, 2016.
283 Power Finance Corporation, The Performance of State Power Utilities for the years 2011-12 to 2013-14, July 2015.
284 Joshi, 2016
285 M Jain, ‘India could soon have more electricity than it needs – but power cuts are not going away’, Scroll.in, June 16, 2016.
286 S Jain, ‘Will Piyush Goyal go the Montek Singh Ahluwalia way?’, The Financial Express, October 14, 2015.
287 Ibid.
288 Ibid.
289 Joshi, 2016.
290 S Jai and J Mukul, ‘India’s first smart grid to come up in Gurgaon’, Business Standard, July 12, 2016.
291 S Sukhtankar and M Vaishnav, Corruption in India: Bridging Research Evidence and Policy Options, Brookings-NCAER India Policy Forum, 2014.
292 PC Parakh, Crusader or Conspirator—Coalgate and Other Truths, Manas Publications, 2014.
293 Ibid.
294 Ibid.
295 Sukhtankar & Vaishnav, 2014.
296 G Das, India Grows at Night—A Liberal Case for a Strong State, Penguin, 2012.
297 Ninan, 2015.
298 MS Sharma, Restart—The Last Chance for the Indian Economy, Harper Collins, 2015.
299 Joshi, 2016.
300 K Basu, An Economist in the Real World—The Art of Policymaking in India, Penguin Viking, 2016.
301 Ibid.
302 A Teltumbde, ‘A case of too many cases’, The Indian Express,May 23, 2016.
303 Sukhtankar & Vaishnav, 2014.
304 Das, 2012.
305 Teltumbde, 2016.
306 Sukhtankar & Vaishnav, 2014.
307 The Times of India, ‘High Court judges get just 5-6
minutes to decide cases, says study’, April 7, 2016.
308 D Mahapatra, ‘Judges’ vacancy up from 20 per cent in 2002 to 22 per cent in 2016’, The Times of India, July 15, 2016.
309 D Mahapatra, ‘SC leave delays judges’ appointment in High Courts’, The Times of India, June 16, 2016.
310 The Times of India, ‘High Court judges get just 5-6 minutes to decide cases, says study’, April 7, 2016.
311 S Gandhi, ‘Don’t need 70,000 judges. Just fill vacancies to cut backlog’, The Times of India, May 29, 2016.
312 CRISIL Research, Different Shades, August 2016.
313 Ibid.
314 Ibid.
315 Times News Network, ‘States lobby for GST rate of over 20% to curb revenue loss’, August 5, 2016.
316 Ibid.
317 R Jagannathan, ‘GST Bill: Cong’s 18% rate a pipe dream while Arun Jaitley’s 20% economically workable’, Firstpost, August 4, 2016.
318 CRISIL Research, 2016.
319 Jagannathan, August 4, 2016.
320 R Jagannathan, ‘10 Reasons Why GST Warrants A Generous Dose Of Scepticism’, Huffington Post India, August 3, 2016.
321 S Mukherjea, R Mukherjee and S Shekhar, ‘GST—Overhyped and Misunderstood’, Ambit Capital, August 20, 2015.
322 Ibid.
323 Press Trust of India, ‘GST to increase India’s GDP by 1-2 per cent: Finance Minister Arun Jaitley’, April 17, 2015.
324 Mukherjea et al., 2015.
325 Ibid.
326 R Mohan and M Kapoor, ‘Pressing the Indian Growth Accelerator: Policy Imperatives’, IMF Working Paper, March 2015.
327 E Ghani, WR Kerr and SD O’Connell, Reshaping Tomorrow,Oxford University Press, 2011.
328 E Ghani, WR Kerr and SD O’Connell, ‘Who Creates Jobs?’,Economic Premise, The World Bank, November 2011.
329 Ibid.
330 Bhattacharya et al., 2014.
331 S Rao and P Sinha, Make in India—Pressing the Pedal, Yes Bank-ASSOCHAM, May 2015.
332 S Prabhu, Railways Minister’s Railways Budget speech,February 2016.
333 Ministry of Railways, White Paper on the Indian Railways, February 2015.
334 S Prabhu, Railways Minister’s Railways Budget speech, February 2016.
335 Basic Road Statistics of India, 2012-2013.
336 Ibid.
337 G Raghuraman, ‘An Overview of the Trucking Sector in India: Significance and Structure’, IIM Ahmedabad Working Paper, December 2015.
338 Ibid.
339 Ibid.
340 PHD Research Bureau, Progress of Make in India – Glass Half Full, PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry, September 2015.
341 A Kaushal, ‘Why freight moves so slowly on Indian roads’, Business Standard, January 5, 2016.
342 Press Information Bureau Press Release, July 12, 2016.
343 Deodhar, 2015.
344 Mohan & Kapoor, 2015.
7. India’s Hotel California Problem
345 A Bhattacharya, A Bruce and A Mukherjee, CII 13th Manufacturing Summit—Make In India, Turning Vision Into Reality, Boston Consulting Group and CII, November 2014.
346 V Joshi, India’s Long Road—The Search for Prosperity,Penguin & Allen Lane, 2016.
347 P Bardhan, Globalisation, Democracy and Corruption, Front Page, 2015.
348 J Bhagwati and A Panagariya, India’s Tryst with Destiny—Debunking Myths that Undermine Progress and Addressing New Challenges, Collins Business, 2012.
349 MS Sharma, Restart—The Last Chance for the Indian Economy, Random House India, 2015.
350 Ibid.
351 Annual Survey of Industries, 2013-2014.
352 A Hoda and DK Rai, Labour Regulations and Growth of Manufacturing and Employment in India: Balancing Protection and Flexibility, written for the World Bank, ICRIER, 2015.
353 OECD, Small Businesses, Job Creation and Growth: Facts, Obstacles and Best Practices.
354 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
355 Bhagwati & Panagariya, 2012.
356 TS Papopla, ‘Role of labour regulation reforms in India: Country casestudy on labour’, Employment Working Paper No. 147, ILO, 2013.
357 The Factories Act, 1948 (Act No. 63 of 1948), as amended by The Factories (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Act 20 of 1987).
358 G Das, India Grows at Night—A Liberal Case for a Strong State, Penguin, 2012.
359 Ibid.
360 AN Mathur, ‘Is “Make in India” Constrained by Indian Labour Market Regulations?’, IIM Ahmedabad Working Paper, March 2016.
361 Papola, 2013.
362 As quoted in a speech titled Indian Economy: Current Problems and Future Prospects by TN Srinivasan in January 2003.
363 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
364 K Basu, GS Fields and S Debgupta, ‘Retrenchment, Labour Laws and Government Policy: An Analysis with Special Reference to India’, paper written for the World Bank, 2001.
365 Ibid.
366 E D’Souza, ‘Are Retrenchment Laws Inefficient?’, IIM Ahmedabad. Available at http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/assets/ upload/faculty/errolpdf4.pdf. Accessed on October 25, 2016.
367 RC Datta and M Sil, ‘Contemporary Issues on Labour Law Reform in India: An Overview’, ATLMRI Discussion Paper, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, 2007.
368 Ibid.
369 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
370 As quoted in Basu et al., 2001.
371 Data from the Indian Labour Year Books, 2009 and 2010.
372 Labour Bureau, Statistics on Industrial Disputes, 2012.
373 Mathur, 2016.
374 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
375 Economic Survey of 2015-2016.
376 R Mohan and M Kapur, ‘Pressing the Indian Growth Accelerator: Policy Imperatives’, IMF Working Paper, March 2015.
377 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
378 Mathur, 2016.
379 S Deakin and A Haldar, ‘How Should India Reform Its Labour Laws?’, Working Paper, CBR Research Programme on Corporate Governance, March 2015.
380 Ibid.
381 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
382 Mathur, 2016.
383 Bhagwati & Panagariya, 2012.
384 Ibid.
385 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
386 Ibid.
387 Ibid.
388 Datta & Sil, 2007.
389 TN Srinivasan, Indian Economy: Current Problems, Future Prospects, 2003.
390 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
391 Papola, 2013.
392 Mathur, 2016.
393 DK Das, H Chowdhury and J Singh, ‘Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act 1970 and Labour Market Flexibility: An Exploratory Assessment of Contract Labour’, Working Paper, ICRIER, June 2015.
394 All-India Organisation of Employers, Industrial Relations and Contract Labour in India. Available at http://aioe.in/html/ IndustrialRelations.pdf. Accessed on October 25, 2016.
395 Ibid.
396 Das et al., 2015.
397 Ibid.
398 Ibid.
399 Ibid.
400 Ibid.
401 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
402 Papola, 2013.
403 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
404 Mathur, 2016.
405 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
406 Srinivasan, 2003.
407 Ibid.
408 Das et al., 2015.
409 Ibid.
410 Ibid.
411 Ibid.
412 Datta & Sil, 2007.
413 All-India Organisation of Employers, Industrial Relations and Contract Labour in India.
414 Ibid.
415 J Harriss, ‘Labour Problems—Recent Developments in India’, ISAS Insights, March 2016.
416 Ibid.
417 All-India Organisation of Employers, Industrial Relations and Contract Labour in India.
418 Ibid.
419 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
420 Ibid.
421 Ibid.
422 All-India Organisation of Employers, Industrial Relations andContract Labour in India.
423 Ibid.
424 Business Standard, ‘Fixed-te
rm employment will create jobs, reduce employer’s fear’, June 2015.
425 S Jha and I Dhasmana, ‘We are taking two steps forward, unions one step backward: Bandaru Dattatreya’, Business Standard, September 2, 2015.
426 Ibid.
427 All-India Organisation of Employers, Industrial Relations and Contract Labour in India.
428 A Subramanian and R Verma, ‘Stitching up Employment’, The Indian Express, June 23, 2016.
429 Ibid.
430 A Panagariya, ‘Why India lags behind China and how it can bridge the gap’, The World Economy, Volume 30, Issue 2, pp. 229-248, February 2007.
431 Bhagwati & Panagariya, 2012.
432 Mathur, 2016.
433 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
434 Ibid.
435 Mathur, 2016.
436 SY Deodhar, ‘Make in India—Re-Chanting the Mantra with a Difference’, IIM Ahmedabad Working Paper, February 2015.
437 Hoda & Rai, 2015.
438 Ibid.
439 Surabhi, ‘Labour reforms: On track, but tough job ahead’, The Indian Express, May 6, 2015.
440 The Hindu, ‘44 labour laws to be amalgamated into 4 codes’, October 15, 2015.
441 FICCI and All India Organisation of Employers, Suggested Labour Policy Reforms, 2014.
442 S Sukhtankar and M Vaishnav, Corruption in India: Bridging Research Evidence and Policy Options, Brookings-NCAER India Policy Forum, 2014.
8. A Four-Letter Word Called Land
443 As quoted in A Goswami, ‘Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Laws and Politics’, IIHS Working Paper, 2012.
444 RK Kumar, ‘An Elephant called Manufacturing’, The Hindu Business Line, March 8, 2015.
445 S Morris and A Pandey, ‘Towards Reform of Land Acquisition Framework in India’, IIM Ahmedabad Working Paper, 2007.
446 S Chakravorty, The Price of Land—Acquisition, Conflict, Consequence, Oxford University Press, 2013.
447 Ibid.
448 A Goswami, ‘Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement: Laws and Politics’, IIHS Working Paper, 2012.
449 As quoted in The Standing Committee Report on the Land Acquisition Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2011, Department of Land Resources, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India.
450 J Ramesh and MA Khan, Legislating for Justice—The Making of the 2013 Land Acquisition Law, Oxford University Press, 2015.
451 Ibid.
452 Goswami, 2012.
453 Chakravorty, 2013.
454 A Panagariya, India—The Emerging Giant, Oxford University Press, 2008.
455 Morris & Pandey, 2007.
456 The Land Acquisition Act, 1894.
457 Chakravorty, 2013.