Grace Tully thought that FDR: Bishop, p. 520.
In the meantime, he felt: Anthony Cave Brown, The Last Hero, p. 736.
“I should think that system… .”: ibid.
Biddle’s response: ibid.
“I was terribly shocked when I saw him… .”: John Morton Blum, Years of War, 1941–1945: From the Morgenthau Diaries, p. 416.
There he began a stream: ibid., p. 417.
“A weak economy for Germany… .”: ibid., p. 419.
“three or four times saying… .”: ibid., p. 418.
“I am going there on my train… .”: ibid., p. 417.
The President forgivingly: MR Box 28.
“I respectfully request… .”: MR Box 23.
“prepared to do everything in their power… .”: PSF Box 152.
“The redoubt is becoming a reality… .”: MR Box 152.
But if the OSS would deal with him: PSF Box 152.
This message would be the last: PSF Index.
The intelligence out of Bern: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, p. 602.
“I glanced up from my work… .”: Suckley, Binder 19, p. 32.
Roosevelt had suffered: Bishop, p. 583; Goodwin, pp. 602–603.
“Darlings, Pa slept away… .”: MR Box 14.
The first listing read: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 602.
chapter xxx: aftermath
On April 30, eighteen days: American Heritage, April/May 1985.
“… [W]e are wiring various points… .”: RG 457 CBOM 77.
Eleven days before the President’s death: James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, pp. 487, 588.
“… [T]he Americans will not forget… .”: RG 457 Magic #74923.
“I casually mentioned to Stalin… .”: David G. McCullough, Truman, p. 442.
The last time his Soviet controllers: Norman Moss, Klaus Fuchs, pp. 2, 73, 79, 80.
Fuchs was among those present: ibid., p. 81.
“Tell Comrade Kurchatov… .”: Norman Polmar and Thomas B. Allen, Spy Book, p. 35.
It is estimated that Soviet agents: T. A. Heppenheimer, “But on the Other Hand … ,” American Heritage, September 2000, p. 46.
This stolen treasure: Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, The Haunted Wood, pp. 190–94; Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, The Sword and the Shield, p. 132; Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov, Special Tasks, p. 211.
The first nuclear weapon the Soviets: Andrew and Mitrokhin, p. 132.
“At no time from 1941 to 1945… .”: Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War, p. 613.
Between 80,000 and 100,000: Gerhard L. Weinberg, A World at Arms, p. 870.
A Gallup poll taken just a month and a half: MHQ, Spring 1998, pp. 68–69.
Still he chose to appease: Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, pp. 427–28.
The all-Japanese 442nd: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 395.
But, as the cabinet debated: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 463; Weinberg, pp. 590, 632, 652.
“The more I think of this problem… .”: Goodwin, p. 514.
Finally, FDR reversed himself: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 464.
“the worst single wholesale violation… .”: ibid., p. 216.
“[N]ot one plan or proposal… .”: William J. vanden Heuvel, “America, FDR and the Holocaust,” Society, vol. 34, no. 6 (September/October 1997), p. 7.
Many Jewish accounts had been emptied: NYT, Nov. 17, 1999.
The compensation agreement: NYT, Jan. 19, 31, March 26, Aug. 1, 1999.
Seven months after FDR’s death: Elizabeth Bentley, Out of Bondage, Devin-Adair edition, p. 286.
“They made no bones… .”: Hearings on Proposed Legislation to Curb or Control the Communist Party of the United States, 1948, p. 540.
On November 30, 1945, Bentley began: Statement of Elizabeth Ferrill Bentley to the FBI, Nov. 30, 1945, pp. 18–28, 34–36, 40, 43, 52, 57, 74–75, 78, 80, 91.
In 1948, Bentley became the star witness: Hearings, p. 503.
She was shaken to find her name: Bentley, pp. 307–309.
Between Bentley and Chambers: Hearings, pp. 1349–51.
Harry Dexter White, Alger Hiss: ibid., p. 1351.
A HUAC power, Congressman Karl Mundt: Harvey Klehr and Ronald Radosh, The Amerasia Spy Case, p. 160; Hearings, p. 862.
Further working in Currie’s favor: Hearings, p. 1351; Klehr and Radosh, p. 111.
Currie had submitted: Currie to Truman, April 16, June 14, 1945; Truman to Currie, June 15, 1945, both in Truman Library.
In 1950, Currie moved to Colombia: Klehr and Radosh, pp. 160–61; NYT, March 27, 1956.
He continued to live there: Klehr and Radosh, p. 161.
Alger Hiss: Allen Weinstein, Perjury, p. 502.
Not until three years later: Michael Warner and Robert Louis Benson, “Venona and Beyond,” Intelligence and National Security, vol. 12, no. 3 (July 1997), p. 6; Polmar and Allen, p. 577.
In 1949 another of these “Venona”: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, pp. 223–24.
The FBI traced ChARL’Z: ibid., p. 577.
Fuchs confessed: ibid., pp. 223–24.
The Venona decrypts also incriminated: Weinstein and Vassiliev, p. 168.
The appointee died: Time, Sept. 12, 1955.
“I recognize that I could… .”: NYT Magazine, Sept. 14, 1997.
“We do not give a damn… .”: Richard J. Whalen, The Founding Father, p. 320.
Kent ended his days: Tyler Kent Papers, Box 1, FDRL; Polmar and Allen, pp. 309–10.
“Believe me, I was never… .”: Charles Wighton and Gunter Peis, Hitler’s Spies and Saboteurs, pp. 29–39.
Not until the war ended: American Heritage, April 1970, p. 91.
William Colepaugh and Erich Gimpel: Francis Biddle, In Brief Authority, p. 343.
In January 1945: John Franklin Carter Diary, memo to Grace Tully, Jan. 18, 1945.
The journalist’s facile pen: Ernest B. Furgurson, “Back Channels,” Washingtonian, vol. 31 (June 1996); letter from Sonia Carter Greenbaum to William Safire, April 18, 1994.
“the booby prize… .”: Christopher Andrew, For the President’s Eyes Only, p. 132.
It was Carter who alerted FDR: John Franklin Carter Papers, Box 98, FDRL.
While the Putzi Hanfstaengl operation: Andrew, p. 133.
And Carter’s well-placed business: Carter Diary, April 24, 1945.
“It was a picturesque… .”: Andrew, p. 133.
A more formidable rival for FDR’s favor: Polmar and Allen, Spy Book, p. 203.
Until his death in 1972: Athan Theoharis, ed., From the Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover, p. 64.
“authorized me to make… .”: Thomas F. Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 282.
“the main purpose of this school… .”: Memorandum from Colonel Richard Park Jr. to President Harry S Truman, Appendix I, p. 2.
Park reported that the OSS: ibid., p. 12.
“In Portugal,” he stated: ibid., p. 13.
“Before Pearl Harbor General Donovan… .”: Park report, Appendix I, p. 26.
“… [T]here are some examples… .”: ibid., p. 36.
OSS missions into occupied France: Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich, pp. 14, 333.
“If the OSS is permitted to continue… .”: Park report, pt. II, p. 1.
“It has,” Park charged: ibid., p. 2.
“Came in to tell how important… .”: Randy Sowell of Truman Library to author, May 24, 1999.
By September 10, Harold Smith’s staff: Michael Warner, “The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group,” Studies in Intelligence, Fall 1995, p. 6.
Just a week before his death: PSF Box 153.
The horseplay masked: Warner, “The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group,” p. 1.
“I stopped him… .”: Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, p. 148.
Whether through Hoover’s machinations: Polmar
and Allen, Spy Book, p. 173.
“What a man! …”: Brown, The Last Hero, p. 833.
He delighted in his midnight rides: William M. Rigdon, White House Sailor, p. 18.
“Mr. Roosevelt made a fetish… .”: Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief, p. 624.
It was FDR who chose the exotic: William D. Hassett, Off the Record with F.D.R., 1942–1945, p. 113.
“He had long ago learned to conceal… .”: Rexford Tugwell, The Democratic Roosevelt, p. 355.
He did not want anyone to know: Larrabee, p. 624.
“[F]ewer friends would have been lost… .”: Goodwin, p. 78.
Roosevelt himself rarely recorded: Brian Loring Villa, “The Atomic Bomb and the Normandy Invasion,” Perspectives in American History 2 (1977–78), p. 466.
“[T]here took place… .”: FRUS, 2d Quebec Conference, vol. 1, p. 481.
“There is hardly a dependable record… .”: Larrabee, pp. 144, 624.
The OSS, only temporarily scuttled: Joseph E. Persico, Nuremberg, pp. 359, 517.
In a generation, the United States: NYT, Dec. 5, 1999.
Hitler once pronounced accurate intelligence: David Kahn, Hitler’s Spies, p. 540.
Across a report on Russian: ibid., p. 187.
“I was,” this spy observed: Persico, Piercing the Reich, p. 38.
“opportunistic in meeting problems… .”: Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom, p. 55.
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