In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the U.S.S. Indianapolis and the Extraordinary Story of Its Survivors

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In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the U.S.S. Indianapolis and the Extraordinary Story of Its Survivors Page 28

by Doug Stanton


  p. 254 McVay had received the announcement: Washington Post, December 20, 1945, “Captain Takes It Calmly.”

  Three months after the court martial: Service Record: McVay, Charles Butler.

  CHAPTER TWELVE: BACK IN THE WORLD

  Interviews: John Spinelli, Jack Miner, Mike Kuyrla, Ed Brown, Jack Cassidy, Harlan Twible, Robert Gause, Gus Kay, Dr. Lewis Haynes, Giles McCoy, Felton Outland, Gordon Linke, Jocelyn Linke, Scott Linke, Winthrop Smith Jr., Ed Stevens, Florence Regosia.

  p. 259 After the court martial: Service Record: McVay, Charles Butler; Times-Picayune, November 9, 1968.

  On the plane ride to Indianapolis: Indianapolis Times, July 30, 1960.

  EPILOGUE

  Interviews: Giles McCoy, Harlan Twible, Dr. Lewis Haynes, Michael Monroney.

  p. 265 Twenty-eight years after: Summary of Report on the Court-Martial of Captain Charles B. McVay III, USN, Commanding Officer, USS Indianapolis. Dated: 18 June 1996; Report on the Court-Martial of Captain Charles B. McVay III, USN, Commanding Officer, USS Indianapolis. Prepared by Cdr. R. D. Scott, NJAG. Includes letters to The Honorable Andrew Jacobs Jr., United States House of Representatives. Signed: Steven S. Honigman. Dated: 14 November 1996.

  The answer, explains Captain Bill Toti: Commander William J. Toti, U.S. Navy, “The Sinking of the Indy & Responsibility of Command,” Proceedings, October 1999.

  p. 266 “We would’ve rode to hell”: Bill Van Daalen, videotaped interview with Bob Brundige, 1990.

  The survivors’ efforts to clear: Naval History, July—August 1998, “Timeline to Justice,” Hunter Scott. On October 12, 2000: Conference Report to H. R. 4205, The National Defense Authorization Act of 2001.

  p. 267 In response, the navy: Navy spokesperson, October 12, 2000.

  Bibliography

  BOOKS

  Ambrose, Stephen E., original text by C. L. Sulzberger. American Heritage New History of World War II. New York: Viking, 1997.

  Auerbach, Paul, and Edward Geehr. Management of Wilderness and Environmental Emergencies. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2nd edition 1989.

  Allen, Thomas B., and Norman Polmar. Code Name Downfall: The Secret Plan to Invade Japan—and Why Truman Dropped the Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995.

  Baldwin, Hanson W. Battles Lost and Won: Great Campaigns of World War II. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.

  Boyne, Walter J. The Clash of the Titans. Touchstone Books, 1997.

  Buell, Thomas B. Master of the Sea. New York: Little, Brown & Company, 1980.

  ————. The Quiet Warrior: A Biography of Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. Boston: Little, Brown, 1974.

  Costello, John. The Pacific War, 1941—1945. New York: Rawson Wade, 1981.

  Dunnigan, James F., and Albert A. Nofi. Victory at Sea: WWII in the Pacific. New York: William Morrow, 1995.

  Ewing, Steve. American Cruisers of World War II: A Pictorial Encyclopedia. Missoula, MT: Pictorial Histories Publishing, 1984.

  Frank, Richard B. Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Random House, 1999.

  Fussell, Paul. Wartime Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

  Gruber, Samuel H., editor. Discovering Sharks. Highland, NJ: American Littoral Society, 1991.

  Hashimoto, Mochitsura. Sunk!: The Story of the Japanese Submarine Fleet, 1942-1945. New York: Henry Holt, 1954.

  Helm, Thomas. Ordeal by Sea: The Tragedy of the U.S.S. Indianapolis. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1963.

  Herman, Jan K. Battle Station Sickbay. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997.

  Keegan, John. The Battle for History: Refighting World War II. New York: Vintage, 1995.

  ————. The Price of Admiralty. New York: Penguin, 1990.

  ————. The Rand McNally Encyclopedia of World War II. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1984.

  Knebel, Fletcher, and Charles W. Bailey. No High Ground. New York: Harper Brothers, 1960.

  Kurzman, Dan. Fatal Voyage: The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis. New York: Atheneum, 1990.

  Lalley, Joseph M. Search and Rescue. Asheville, NC: Instiprints, 1997.

  Layton, Edwin, with Roger Pineau and John Costello. And I Was There: Pearl Harbor and Midway: Breaking the Secrets. New York: William Morrow, 1985.

  Lech, Raymond B. All the Drowned Sailors. New York: Stein and Day, 1982.

  MacDermot, Bill. A Walk Through the Valley: The History of the 3rd Emergency Rescue Squadron. Manchester, TN: Beaver Press, 1995.

  Moore, Katherine D. Goodbye Indy Maru. Knoxville, TN: Lori Publications, 1991.

  Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Two Ocean War: A Short History of the United States Navy in the Second World War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1963.

  ————. Victory in the Pacific 1945. Boston: Little, Brown, 1964.

  Newcomb, Richard F. Abandon Ship!: Death of the USS Indianapolis. New York: Henry Holt, 1958.

  Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

  Sherman, Frederick C. Combat Command. New York: Bantam Books, 1982.

  Silverstone, Paul. U.S. Warships of World War II. Garden City: Doubleday, 1964.

  Skates, John Ray. The Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb. Columbia, SC: University of Southern Carolina Press, 2000.

  Springer, Victor G., and Joy P. Gold. Sharks in Question: The Smithsonian Answer Book. Washington, DC: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.

  St. John, Philip A., Ph.D. USS Indianapolis (CA 35). Paducah, KY: Turner Publishing Company, 1997.

  Sweeney, Maj. Gen. Charles W., with James Antonucci and Marion K. Antonucci. War’s End: An Eyewitness Account of America’s Last Atomic Mission. New York: Avon, 1997.

  Taylor, Ron, and Valerie Taylor (introduction). Sharks: Silent Hunters of the Deep. Australia: Reader’s Digest, 1994.

  Thomas, Gordon, and Max Morgan Witts. Enola Gay. New York: Stein and Day, 1977.

  Weintraub, Stanley. The Last Great Victory: The End of WWII, July/August 1945. New York: Dutton, 1995.

  Wiper, Steve, editor, and T. A. Flowers, illustrator. Warship Pictorial: USS Indianapolis, CA-35. Tucson, AZ: Classic Warship Publications, 1996.

  Winterbotham, F. W. The Ultra Secret. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

  Wren, L. Peter. Those in Peril on the Sea. Richmond, VA: L. Peter Wren, 1999.

  PERIODICALS/MAGAZINES/INTERNET SOURCES

  Anderson, Jim, NCVA. “Tragic Indianapolis Story Told,” Cryptolog, Spring 1984.

  Baldridge, H. David, Jr. “Comment on Means for Avoidance or Deterrence of White Shark Attacks on Humans,” Academic Press, 1996.

  ————. “Shark Aggression Against Man: Beginnings of an Understanding,” California Fish and Game 74, no. 4 (1988).

  ————. “Shark Attack: A Program of Data Reduction and Analysis,” Contributions from the Mote Marine Laboratory 1, no. 2 (1974).

  ————. “Shark Repellent: Not Yet, Maybe Never,” Military Medicine 155, (August 1990).

  Benchley, Peter. “Inside the Great White,” National Geographic 197, no. 4 (April 2000).

  Boyd, Carl. “Attacking the Indianapolis: A Reexamination,” Warship International, no. 1 (1976).

  Brockman, Paul. “The Tragedy of the USS Indianapolis,” The Indiana Historical Society, www.indianahistory.com.

  ————. “USS Indianapolis Records, 1898—1991,” The Indiana Historical Society, www.indianahistory.com.

  Burlage, Joc John D., USN. “Terror on the Indianapolis,” Grit, December 14, 1975.

  Cuadros, Paul. “In Shallow Waters Danger Runs Deep,” Time, September 4, 2000.

  Etheridge, Kenneth E. “The Agony of the Indianapolis,” American Heritage 33, no. 5 (August—September 1982).

  Finneran, Patrick J. “A Short History of the USS Indianapolis,” The USS Indianapolis (CA 35) Survivors Organization, www.ussindianapolis.org.

  Groves, R. R., Major General. Memorandum for the Secretary of War. Subject: The Test. War Department. 18 July 1945. Trinity Atomi
c Web Site, www.enviroweb.org/issues/nuketesting/hiroshim.

  Guttman, Jon. “Once a Well-Kept Secret, Radar’s Role in the Allied Victory Is Now Being Told by the Scientists Who Developed It.” The History Net, www.thehistorynet.com.

  Handy, Thos. T., General, G.S.C., Acting Chief of Staff. Letter to General Carl Spaatz, Commanding General, United States Army Strategic Air Force. 25 July 1945. Children of the Manhattan Project, http://home.att.net/~cotmp/.

  Haskew, Michael E. “The U.S. Navy Bore the Brunt of Kamikaze Fury Off Okinawa During the Desperate Battle to Secure the Island,” The History Net, www.thehistorynet.com.

  Haynes, Lewis L., Capt. “Oral History—The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis: Recollections of the Sinking of USS Indianapolis (CA 35),” Naval Historical Center, www.history.navy.mil.

  ————. “Survivor of the Indianapolis,” Navy Medicine 86, no. 4 (July—August 1995).

  ————. “We Prayed While 883 Died,” as told to George W. Campbell, Capt. USN. The Saturday Evening Post, August 6, 1955.

  Hays, Paul B. “Introduction to the Atmospheric and Oceanic Environment,” http://blitzen.sprl.umich.edu/PHAYS/Chap_6/.

  James, Woody Eugene. “In Woody’s Words,” The USS Indianapolis (CA 35) Survivors Organization, www.ussindianapolis.org.

  Maier, Timothy W. “For the Good of the Navy,” Insight 16, no. 21 (June 5, 2000).

  Meyer, William C., Capt. USN (ret.), interview. “Survivors in the Water: Saving the Indy’s Crew,” Military Heritage, June 2000.

  Miner, Herbert J. “Of Submarines, Sharks, and Survival,” Yale, October 1996.

  Newcomb, Richard. “Four Nights of Terror,” The American Legion, August 1981.

  Nolan, James F., M.D. Letter to William A. Kulick, 12 July 1976. US Department of Energy Open Net Data Base, www.osti.gov/openet/.

  ————. Letter to Richard F. Newcomb, 12 August 1957. US Department of Energy Open Net Data Base, www.osti.gov/openet/.

  Olivi, Fred. “My Mission over Nagasaki,” World War II Times, September 1988.

  Orr, Rodney. “The Great White’s Ways,” Discover, June 1999.

  Pierce, Richard C., Jr. Letter to the editor, The Tin Can Sailor, January 1996.

  Savard, John. “A Cryptographic Compendium,” http://home.ecn.ab.ca/~jsavard/crypto/entry.htm.

  Scott, Hunter. “Timeline to Justice,” Naval History, July—August 1998.

  Stewart, William H. “The Northern Mariana Islands and World War II with a Review of the Role of Tinian, the Atomic Bomb and the Loss of the U.S.S. Indianapolis,” The CNMI Guide, www.cnmi-guide.com.

  Toti, William J., Commander U.S. Navy. “The Sinking of the Indy & Responsibility of Command,” Proceedings, October 1999.

  Wylie, Evan McLeod. “The Last Secret Voyage of the USS Indianapolis,” Yankee, July 1978.

  Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf, Namesake of USS Oldendorf, www.surfpac.navy.mil.

  American Aircraft of World War II, www.ixpress.com/ag1caf/us-planes/american.htm;http://www.usplanes/aircraft/ventura.htm.

  Dave James’s Home Page, www.odyssey.dircon.co.uk.

  ————. “Rear Admiral Jesse B. Oldendorf.”

  ————. “Admiral William F. Halsey, Commander Third Fleet.”

  Encyclopedia Britannica, www.britannica.com.

  ————. “Nuclear Weapon: The First Atomic Bomb.”

  Haze, Gray and Underway: Naval History and Photography. http://www.hazegray.org/.

  Life, “U.S. Makes Little Island into Mighty Base,” July 2, 1945.

  ————. November 30, 1936.

  Los Alamos National Laboratory, www.lanl.gov.

  ————. “Trinity—Completion of the Wartime Mission.”

  Lynde McCormick, http://members.tripod.com/~LMcCormick/DDG8/DDG-8-1.htm.

  National Archives and Records Administration, www.nara.gov.

  The Naval Historical Center, www.history.navy.mil.

  ————. “Burial at Sea”

  ————. “Casualties: U.S. Navy, Coast Guard Vessels, Sunk or Damaged in War.”

  ————. “Casualties U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Personnel, World War II.”

  ————. “Code Words, World War II.”

  —————. “Indianapolis, USS, Loss of.”

  ————. Naval Abbreviations.

  Newsweek, “Nobody Looked,” August 27, 1945.

  ————. “The Indianapolis: Why?” December 10, 1945.

  ————. “A Jap Bears Witness,” December 24, 1945.

  ————. “McVay: The Court Decides,” December 31, 1945.

  ————. “The Navy Relents,” March 4, 1946.

  Royal Institute of Navigation, www.rin.org.uk.

  San Francisco History, www.sf50.com/qaboard/quboard.htm. Ron Filion, moderator.

  Submarines of the Imperial Japanese Navy, http://www.combined-fleet.com/ss.html.

  The Quan, “Sinking the Indianapolis: A Japanese Perspective,” 1996.

  Time, “Men Against the Sea,” August 27, 1945.

  ————. “The Captain Stands Accused,” December 10, 1945.

  ————. “‘Such Grotesque Proceedings,’” December 24, 1945.

  ————. “‘The Good of the Service,’” December 31, 1945.

  ————. “End of the Indianapolis Case,” March 4, 1946.

  Trinity Atomic Web Site, www.enviroweb.org/issues/nuketesting/hiroshima.

  ————. Eyewitness Account, Atomic Bomb Mission over Nagasaki, War Department, Bureau of Public Relations, Press Branch. Dated: 9 September 1945.

  The USS Indianapolis (CA 35) Survivors Organization, www.ussindianapolis.org.

  ————. “The Crew.”

  ————. “Guestbook.”

  ————. “The Legislation.”

  ————. “The Story.”

  USS Underhill DE 682, www.nji.com/~roger/index.htm.

  NEWSPAPERS

  “833 Dead and Missing in U.S. Cruiser Loss,” Bay City Times, August 15, 1945, pp. 1—2.

  “Gentle Giant Stirs Memories of Indianapolis,” Dana Point News, June 3, 1999 (editorial: Dennis Kaiser).

  “838 Lost, 315 Saved in Sinking of Indianapolis by Jap Sub: Cruiser Had Just Carried Atom Bomb from U.S. to Guam,” The Evening Star, August 15, 1945, p. A1.

  “‘You’re Out … in the Middle of Nowhere,’ ” The Herald Palladium, October 22, 1999 (byline: Todd Dvorak), p. 1.

  “The ‘Hanging’ of Captain McVay,” Honolulu Advertiser, December 10, 1974 (editorial: Cobey Black).

  “Pacific Hero Adm. McVay Dies at 70,” Honolulu Observer, November 8, 1968.

  “Tragedy still hurts after 15 years,” The Indianapolis Times, July 30, 1960.

  “500 Died in the Shark Horror That Dwarfs ‘Jaws,’” The National Star, September 30, 1975, p. 26.

  “Indianapolis Is Lost, Suffers Very Heavy Casualties Off Leyte,” Navy News August 16, 1945.

  All of the following are from the New York Times:

  “Cruiser Sunk, 1,196 Casualties; Took Atom Bomb Cargo to Guam,” August 15, 1945, p. 1.

  “The Indianapolis,” August 17, 1945.

  “Cruiser’s Sinking Laid to Submarine,” August 18, 1945, p. 4.

  “Captain of Cruiser Pleads Not Guilty,” December 5, 1945.

  “McVay Guilty in Indianapolis Loss: Sentence Is Remitted on His Record,” February 24, 1946, p. 1.

  “C. B. McVay 3D, 70, Retired Admiral,” November 8, 1968, p. 4.

  “40 Years After the Birth of the Atomic Age” (byline: Lansing Lamont), July 14, 1985, Section 4, p. 27.

  “Adrian Marks, 81, World War II Navy Pilot” (byline: Richard Goldstein), March 15, 1998.

  Other articles from January 1, 1946; January 2, 1946; January 6, 1946; January 9, 1946.

  “The Search for the Truth About the Indianapolis,” Plain Dealer Sunday Magazine, December 6, 1998 (byline: Bob Sudyk), p. 8.

  “Twist of Fate Made Gwinn a Hero,” San José Mercury
News, July 10, 1993 (byline: Dick Egner).

  All of the following are from the Sun Post News:

  “Survivor Hopes to Clear His Captain,” May 29, 1998 (byline: Fred Swegles).

  “Ex-Navy Crewman Describes His Surviving Shark-Infested Waters,” May 29, 1998 (byline: Fred Swegles).

  “Admiral McVay Killed in Conn.,” Times-Picayune, November 9, 1968.

  “Author Wouldn’t Write the Same ‘Jaws’ Today,” Traverse City Record Eagle, April 5, 2000, p. B4.

  All of the following are from the Washington Post:

  “Navy Secrecy,” (editorial) December 4, 1945.

  “McVay Court Martial: 850 Men Should Have Survived Indianapolis Blast, Says Officer,” December 5, 1945 (byline: Marshall Andrews), p. 1.

  “Captain Takes It Calmly: McVay Held Guilty of Neglect but Acquitted of Inefficiency,” December 20, 1945 (byline: Marshall Andrews), p. 1.

  “Court-Martialed in Warship Tragedy: Adm. Charles McVay Dies at 70,” November 14, 1968, p. B6.

  “Remembering the Hunger and Thirst, the Sharks, and the Screams,” (byline: Steven Norwitz), August 5 1975, p. B1.

  “No-Nonsense Lawyer Claytor Knows When to Bend the Rules,” (byline: William H. Jones), July 21, 1977, p. D8.

  “Terror of Shark and Sea, 35 Years After,” August 6, 1980 (byline: Chip Brown), p. El.

  “Debates, Doubts Among the Creators,” July 21, 1985 (byline: Walter Pincus), p. A1.

 

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