social reform and, 644, 647–48
war plans and, 744
London, Treaty of, 57–58
Londonderry, Lady, 572
London to Ladysmith, via Pretoria (Churchill), 766
Lorraine-Smith, Isabella, 51, 55
Loubet, Emile:
Anglo-French Entente and, 344–46
Morocco crisis and, 359–60, 362
Louis, Prince of Battenberg, 382–83, 433, 847
Churchill and, 773–74, 778
Dreadnought and, 470
Fisher and, 501
Louis XIV, King of France, 62–64, 307, 818
Lüderitz, F.A.E., 85
Lyttelton, May, 315–16
Lyttelton, Spencer, 316
MacDonald, James Ramsay, 601, 906–7
MacDonald, Lady, 282
MacDonald, Sir Claude, 279–80
McKenna, Pamela, 578, 772
McKenna, Reginald, 405, 490n, 771
Agadir Crisis and, 735–36, 744
Anglo-German naval talks and, 709
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 602
Asquith and, 576
Churchill and, 768
Churchill’s Naval Estimates and, 821, 824
Edward VII’s death and, 656
Fisher and, 498
Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 530, 532, 535, 537–42
Naval Scare and, 609–19, 621–24, 819
war plans and, 745–47
Mackenzie, Sir Morell, 38–41, 43–44
McKinley, William, 512
Maclean, Kaid, 353
Madrid, Treaty of, 352, 354, 357–59
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, xxi, xxiii–xxv, 164, 231, 256, 434, 634
Malet, Sir Edward, 221–22
Manchester, William, 751
Manual of Seamanship (Alston), 389
Marchand, Jean-Baptiste, 588
Boxer Rebellion and, 286
Fashoda crisis and, 251–55, 342
Marie Feodorovna, Empress of Russia, 10, 17
Marienbad, Fisher’s visits to, 424–25, 457
Markham, A. H., 393–95
Marlborough House Set, 14–16, 20
Marschall von Bieberstein, Baron Adolf, 101–2, 114, 117, 145, 668–69, 817, 843
Bülow and, 144, 146
Eulenburg and, 670
and German-Boer relations, 221–22
Holstein and, 128, 143
Jameson Raid and, 223
Kiderlen and, 716–18
Kruger Telegram and, 223–25
William II’s dislike of, 120
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 856
Melbourne, Lord, 5, 206
Memoirs (Bülow), 132, 139, 675–76, 679, 685–86, 692
Memoirs (Fisher), 457, 469
Memoirs (Haldane), 806
Memoirs (Holstein), 212
Memoirs (Tirpitz), 168, 171
Memoirs (William II), 695
Mencken, Ludwig, 50
Mendelssohn, Franz von, 798
Mensdorff, Count von, 840, 881, 883
Messimy, Pierre, 738
Metternich, Count Paul Wolff-, 302–3, 308–9
Agadir Crisis and, 729–35, 737–38
Anglo-French Entente, 345
Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 309
Anglo-German naval talks and, 697–702, 708, 813–17
Haldane Mission and, 812
Kiderlen and, 718
Lichnowsky and, 843
Morocco crisis and, 365, 367
Naval Scare and, 619–22, 624
Metternich, Prince Clemens von, 47, 52
Minghetti, Donna Laura, 142
Mitchell, Sir Thomas, 478
Moltke, Count Kuno von, 101, 675–77, 679
Moltke, Helmuth von (elder), 59, 91–92, 284, 364, 415, 893
Franco-Prussian War and, 62–64
on French threat, 78
Moltke, Helmuth von (younger), 167
Agadir Crisis and, 739
Anglo-German naval talks and, 702
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 857–58, 863, 873
British war planning and, 745
and German threat to Belgium, 895–97, 903
and German threat to France, 875, 907
Russo-German conflict and, 870–71, 873–76
Monis, Ernest, 723–24
Monson, Sir Edmund, 253, 255, 344
Montagu, Edward, 580
Monts, Alexander von, 163, 167–68
Moore, Arthur, 394
Morley, Lord John, 593n, 683
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597
Balfour and, 322
Boer War and, 550, 558, 560, 562
Chamberlain and, 233, 239
Churchill and, 775
and German threat to France, 898
Naval Scare and, 614
and veto power of House of Lords, 661
William II and, 104
Morocco, 351–68, 522
Agadir Crisis and, 183, 706, 711, 724–44, 748, 790, 807, 819
Algeciras Conference on, 364–68, 590, 594, 606, 664, 673
Anglo-French military talks on, 590–92
control of police in, 365–66
foreigners kidnapped in, 351–52
Franco-German agreements on, 718–24, 741–43
French interests in, 346–50, 352–68, 588–92, 594, 663–64, 718–25, 741–43
independence of, 356–58, 719
internationalization of, 363, 365–66
William II’s visit to, 356–60, 362
Motley, John, 51, 53–54, 56–57
Müller, Georg von, 137, 485, 621n, 830, 842, 848, 851
Münster, Count Georg Herbert von, 74, 83
German colonialism and, 85–87
Muraviëv, Count Mikhail Nikolaevich, 429
Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 83, 307, 765, 818
Battle of Trafalgar and, xiv, xvi
Bismarck compared to, 49
exile of, xxi, 47, 373
French blockade and, xiv-xv
Napoleon III, Emperor of France, 17, 48, 60–62, 386
Franco-Prussian War and, 61–62
Napoleonic Wars, xxi
Natzmer, Captain, 116–17
Navy, French, 373, 434
battle cruisers and, 491
in Battle of Trafalgar, xiii-xvi
and bombardment of Alexandria, 421
ironclads of, 386–87
steam-fitted ships of, 386
Navy, Russian, xix, 374
opening Dardanelles to, 602–6
Navy, U.S., xix–xx, xxviii
during Civil War, 386–88
Dreadnought and, 489
Dreadnought-type ships built by, 469, 472
Naval Scare and, 625
oil-powered warships of, 785
and redistribution of British Fleet, 462
in War of 1812, 398
Navy League, German, 178
Nelson, Lord Horatio, xxvii, 373, 393, 409–10
background of, xv
Battle of Trafalgar and, xiii–xvi
Beresford compared to, 502
death of, xv
Fisher compared with, 401
Fisher on, 440–42, 454, 515, 518
French blockade and, xiv–xv
frigates in time of, 490–91
naval tactics of, 391–92, 397–98
Tirpitz and, 166, 168–69, 173
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 29n, 34, 173, 515, 686
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 596–98, 601–2
Anglo-Russian naval talks and, 845–46
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865–66, 869–70
Bosnia Crisis and, 604, 607–8
Boxer Rebellion and, 283–85
Fashoda crisis and, 256
First Hague Peace Conference and, 429–30, 432
Jameson Raid and, 223
Russo-German conflict and, 870, 874, 899–900
Nicolson, Harold, 590, 599
Nicolson, Sir Arthur, 347, 686
Agadir Crisis and, 730
Anglo-Russian Entente and, 595–97, 599, 601
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 882
Bosnia Crisis and, 608
and German threat to France, 898
Morocco crisis and, 353, 365–67, 594
and opening Dardanelles to Russian warships, 602–3, 605
Nicolson, Sir William, 745–46
Noble, Sir Andrew, 499
Noel, Gerard, 394
Northbrook, Lord, 419, 422, 424
“Notes on Insular Free Trade” (Balfour), 331–32
Olga, Grand Duchess of Russia, 404, 602
Omdurman, Battle of, Churchill on, 763–64
Page, Walter, 907
Paint Work Affair, 525–27
Pakenham, William, 471
Palmerston, Lord, 160, 190, 581, 631
Pan-German League, 136
Parker, Sir William, 409–10
Parsons, Sir Charles, xxix, 474
Pasha, Arabi, 505–6
Patow, Baron, 69
Pauncefote, Sir Julian, 430, 432
Pedicaris, Ion, 351–52
Persia, Anglo-Russian Entente and, 597, 599–600
Philip II, King of Spain, 307
Pichon, Stéphen, 604
Plant, Morton F., 158–59
Poincaré, Raymond:
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 865
and German threat to France, 888–89
Pourtalès, Count Friedrich von, 607, 865
Russo-German conflict and, 874–75
Prague, Treaty of, 60
Princip, Gavrilo, 859
Prussia:
as antagonistic toward Britain, 43
Austrian war with, 18, 58–60, 65
Bismarck as ambassador of, 53–54
Denmark invaded by, 12–14, 18, 32–33, 57–58, 65
French war with, 18, 61–65, 73, 76–78, 161–62, 166
Navy of, 160–63, 166
parliamentary crisis and, 54–57
Schleswig-Holstein crisis and, 57–58
see also German Empire
Queen Elizabeth, H.M.S.:
building of, 781–85
cost of, 832
Radolin, Prince, 349
Morocco crisis and, 359–60, 361–64
Radowitz, Johann Maria von, 131, 364–66
Redmond, John, 906
Regendanz, Wilhelm, 723, 725
Reid, Sir James, 653
Reid, Whitelaw, 654
Reinsurance Treaty, 82, 90, 102, 113–15
Holstein and, 114, 127–28
Reischach, Baron von, 652
Renown, H.M.S., xviii, xxviii-xxx, 492
description of, 433
Fisher and, 428–29, 433–34, 448
Repington, Charles, 589
Révoil, M., Morocco crisis and, 365–67
Rhodes, Cecil, 248
ambitions of, 213–14, 218, 222, 230
background of, 213–14
Boer War and, 550
death of, 230
and German-Boer relations, 221–22
Jameson Raid and, 218–19, 229–30
Kruger Telegram and, 228
Rhodes, Herbert, 213
Richards, Sir Frederick, 487
Richter, Eugen, 179
Richthofen, Baron Oswald von, 148, 368, 664
Riddle of the Sands, The (Childers), 632–35
Riezler, Kurt, 740
Rise of the Dutch Republic (Motley), 51
Ritchie, David, 332
Imperial Preference debate and, 327–28, 331
River War, The (Churchill), 764
Roberts, Lord, 296, 298, 338
on abandoning Mediterranean, 827
Boer War and, 274–75, 553, 685
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 628–30, 635–38
Daily Telegraph crisis and, 685–86
Robinson, Charles F., 158–59
Romania, Balkan Wars and, 839
Roon, Albrecht von, 54, 56, 64
Roosevelt, Theodore, 106, 596, 654
Beresford and, 514
and launching of Dreadnought, 480
Morocco crisis and, 352, 355, 361, 367
Rosebery, Lord, 88, 189, 192, 218, 574, 757
Boer War and, 550–51, 555
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 628
Campbell-Bannerman and, 548–50, 556
Fashoda crisis and, 251, 253–54
Fisher and, 442–43
Grey and, 583
Home Rule and, 556
Lansdowne and, 338
1909 budget and, 649
political handicaps of, 549
Rhodes and, 214
Rothschild, Alfred, 306
Rouvier, Maurice, 359, 361–63, 366–67
Royal Navy, British, 373–400
Agadir Crisis and, 736–37, 744
Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 307
animals permitted on ships and, 376–77
battle cruisers and, 490–96
Battle of Trafalgar and, xiii-xvi
Beresford’s commands in, 505–8, 512–27, 532–34, 536, 538–39, 542
Beresford’s early career in, 503
Bismarck on, 175
boatswain’s mates of, 378–79
Boer War and, 180
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 627–30
British reliance on, xxii
budgets for, 466–67
ceremonial visits to Baltic ports by, 849–53
and changes in ship construction, 385–91
Churchill on, 820
Churchill’s administration of, 769–89
Churchill’s estimates for, 821–25, 828–37, 848, 854
defensive role of, 626–27
Diamond Jubilee Review of, xvii–xx, xxii, xxv–xxxi, 174
discipline in, 379–80, 384, 410
drunkenness in, 377
Egypt and, 420–22, 504–8
expansion of, 696–700, 804, 809–10, 813
First Hague Peace Conference and, 430
Fisher-Beresford conflict and, 516–17, 528
Fisher’s commands in, 415–24, 428–29, 433–48, 451–55, 504–5, 512–15, 542
Fisher’s credo and, 404–5, 438
Fisher’s critics in, 405–6, 437
Fisher’s early career in, 409–14
Fisher’s reforms for, 382, 402, 405, 438–39, 460–67, 498, 515–17, 520, 536
food in, 379, 384, 410
France blockaded by, xiv-xv
German colonialism and, 132
German naval expansion and, 184, 244, 801
German security threatened by, xxiv–xxv
and German threat to France, 898
gunnery in, 397–400, 402, 413–14, 417, 426–27, 440, 465–66, 786–88
Invincible-class battle cruisers of, 464, 493–97
ironclads of, 386–89
Mediterranean abandoned by, 827–28
midshipmen of, 382–85, 392–93
Morocco crisis and, 362–63, 366
Naval Holiday and, 830–32, 847–48
Naval Scare and, 609–25, 819
nelsonian tactics of, 391–92, 397–98
nepotism in, 392
1909 budget and, 646–47
North Sea superiority of, 848
officers of, 374–80, 385, 415, 449–51, 461, 776–78
oil-powered warships of, 784–85
ordinary seamen of, 378–81, 385, 776–77
paint-and-brightwork cult in, 396, 398–99
as policeman of oceans, 374
readiness of, 391–93, 438
Russo-German conflict and, 900
shrinkage of, 373–74
South Africa and, 216
steam-fitted ships of, 386
steam-propelled ironclads of, 389–91
steel battleships of, 391
on submarines, 451–53
supremacy of, xxi-xxii, xxiv-xxv, 373, 406, 592–93, 848–49
Tirpitz’s adm
iration for, 166
Tirpitz’s Risk Theory and, 181–82
topmen of, 380–81
torpedoes and, 414, 417–18, 451
variety in matters of uniform in, 375–76
Victorian splendor of, 395–96
in War of 1812, 398
war plans of, 744–48
William II’s interest in, 108, 150–51
Rozhestvensky, Z. P., 474, 596
Russell, Lord John, 190, 229, 581
Russian Empire, 83, 196–98, 359
Agadir Crisis and, 737
Anglo-French Entente and, 345, 349–50, 354–55
Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 291–92, 301–2, 304–7
Anglo-German naval talks and, 708
Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 339–40
and assassination of Franz Ferdinand, 860–61
Austro-Serbian conflict and, 857–58, 860–62, 864–67, 869–70, 880, 886
Balkan Wars and, 839–40
Bismarck’s diplomacy and, 77–82, 87–88, 90, 98–99, 102, 113–14, 127–28
Bismarck’s mission to, 54–55
Boer War and, 275
Bosnia Crisis and, 604–8
Boxer Rebellion and, 281, 283–85, 287
British entente with, xxv, 594–602
British naval talks with, 845–47
British war planning and, 745
Bülow’s posting in, 141–42
Chinese interests of, 242–43, 339
colonialism of, 85
Eastern Question and, 196–200
Fashoda crisis and, 254
First Hague Peace Conference and, 429
German colonialism and, 137
German conflict with, 870–77, 880–81, 884–85, 888, 891, 894–95, 899–900
German treaties with, 82
Haldane Mission and, 811
Holstein on, 127–28
Holstein’s posting in, 124, 127
mobilization of, 874, 876–77, 897, 899
Morocco crisis and, 594
Navy of, xix, 374, 602–6
relations between Britain and, 156
as threat to Britain, xxiii, 460, 515
William II’s mission to, 34–35
Russo-Turkish wars, 78–79, 196–97
Saint-Seine, Count de, 825
St. Vincent, John Jervis, Earl, 379–80, 401
Salisbury, Georgina Alderson Cecil, Lady, 194–95, 200n, 204–6
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, Third Marquess of, xxiii, 46, 90, 132–33, 189–212, 238, 353, 549, 571, 589n, 757
Anglo-French Entente and, 342–43, 346
Anglo-German alliance negotiations and, 246–47, 268–70, 292, 304–6
Anglo-Japanese alliance and, 339–40
Balfour and, 189, 191–93, 313–14, 320–22, 324
Beresford and, 509–10
Bismarck’s relationship with, 88
Boer War and, 271–72, 274, 288, 310, 321, 551
Boxer Rebellion and, 281, 283–85
and Britain’s vulnerability to invasion, 627
Campbell-Bannerman and, 555–56
Chamberlain and, 189, 191–93, 232–33, 237, 244, 246
childhood of, 193
China policy and, 241–42
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