53. Grey, “My Own Life,” 8.
54. Copies of this announcement are held at the OHS and ZGM—L. There also exists a nameplate from this office with the name “Dr. Zane Grey.”
55. Grey did go by P. Zane Grey and Dr. Zane Grey in several early articles. The first edition of Betty Zane (1903) identified him as P. Zane Grey.
56. Many accounts report that Zane met Dolly while he was canoeing with R. C. near the confluence of the Lackawaxen and Delaware Rivers, but in a letter of hers for their first anniversary, Dolly wrote, “We were bound to meet at some time and some place and that it just happened to be Westcolong made it so much more.” Lina Roth, Letter to Pearl Grey, August 29, 1901 (BY-G2).
57. Lina Roth, Letter to Pearl Grey, May 17, 1905 (GH).
58. Kaplan-Mann, “Dr. Pearl Grey—Miss Lina Elise Roth,” 3.
59. Zane Grey, Letter to Anna Andre, February 16, 1918 (BY-G).
60. For a legal appeal over back taxes owed the IRS, Grey’s attorneys prepared a legal petition with a pair of exhibits from Julius Blumberg, the attorney for these estates, detailing the financial distributions of Dolly’s inheritance. This appeal sought to argue that the couple had always been a partnership and she was entitled to the income claimed in their returns. Zane Grey vs. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, October 26, 1931 (LG).
61. Gruber, Zane Grey, 38–39.
62. Lina Roth, Letters to Dr. and Pearl Grey, November 22, 1900, and December 5, 1900 (GH).
63. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, December 5, 1900 (GH).
64. Diosus (D. B. B.), Letter to Zane Grey, May 8, 1902 (mss. 1262, OHS).
65. Ibid., Letter, undated.
66. Ibid., Letter, [1899?].
67. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, October 16, 1905 (BY-G2).
68. “Gertrude,” Letter to Zane Grey, January 20, 1904 (Humanities Research Center, University of Texas–Austin).
69. Zane Grey, Letter to Anna Andre, February 16, 1918 (BY-G).
70. Grey mentions that he read these and several other authors while he was growing up. Grey, “The Living Past,” 5, 5, 6, 5, and 7, 5.
71. Diosus (D. B. B.), Letter to Zane Grey, May, 1902 (mss. 1262, OHS).
72. Zane Grey, Enclosure in letter to Lina Roth, September 14, 1905 (BY-G2).
73. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, January 31, 1903, Zane Grey Review 6 (February, 1991), 7.
74. “Shields, George Oliver,” American National Biography, vol. 19, 837–8.
75. Zane Grey, Letter to Anna Andre, February 16, 1918 (BY-G). Gruber incorrectly states that Zane got the money from Dolly. Gruber, Zane Grey, 47.
76. Christian, “Zane Grey: Legacy,” 155.
77. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, “Christmas, 1904,” Zane Grey Review 12 (June, 1997), 8.
78. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, August 28, 1904 (BY-G).
79. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, September 15, 1901 (BY-G).
80. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, December 9, 1903 (BY-G2).
81. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, November 28, 1902 (BY-G).
82. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, undated (mss. 1262, OHS).
83. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, April 18, 1904 (BY-G2).
84. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, September 28, 1902 (Bmms).
85. Lina Grey, Letter to Zane Grey, November 29, 1904 (BY-G2).
86. Lina Grey, Letter to Zane Grey, November 8, 1903 (BY-G2).
87. Lina Grey, Letter to Zane Grey, December 27, 1904 (BY-G).
88. Zanesville Courier, May 25, 1904, 3.
89. Ida Grey, Letters to Zane Grey, January 22–26, 1904 (Humanities Research Center, University of Texas–Austin).
90. Grey, “My Own Life,” 1.
91. Christian, “Zane Grey: Legacy,” 174.
92. Cultural Landscape Treatment Plan for the Zane Grey Property, U.S. Park Service, December 16, 1999, 10 (ZGM—L). Prior to their 1906 wedding, Reba gave R. C. a diamond and ruby ring worth more than half the purchase price of the Lackawaxen property. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, September 7, 1905 (LG).
93. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, [fall, 1904?] (OHS).
94. Quoted in Cultural Landscape Treatment Plan for the Zane Grey Property, 10.
95. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, [fall, 1905?] (NAU).
96. Shi, Simple Life, 183–84.
97. Wagner, Simple Life, 109.
98. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, May 3, 1905. Quoted in Gruber, Zane Grey, 51.
99. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, May 9, 1905 (GH).
100. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, May 17, 1905 (GH).
101. Diosus (D. B. B.), Letters to Zane Grey, September 7, 1905, and November 6, 1905 (mss. 1262, OHS).
102. Clippings from the Zanesville Courier, July 24, 1905 (Norris F. Schneider Papers, mss. 789, OHS).
103. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, July 22 and July 23, 1905 (BY).
104. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Roth, October 16, 1905 (BY-G2).
105. Interview with Loren Grey, January 9, 2003.
106. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, January 2, 1905 (BY-G2).
107. Lina Roth, Letter to Zane Grey, September 14, 1905 (BY-G2).
Chapter 3: Adventurous Apprentice: 1906–10
1. Forest and Stream 71 (December 5, 1908), 899.
2. Zanesville Courier, May 25, 1904, 3.
3. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, January 11, 1906 (BY).
4. Lina Grey, Honeymoon Journal, January 4, 1906 (BY-G2).
5. Anderson, Living at the Edge, 63, 84, 89, 97.
6. Ibid., 73, 94.
7. Lina Grey, Honeymoon Journal, January 16–17, 1906 (BY-G2).
8. Ibid., January 24, 1906.
9. For a fuller discussion of the early development of sportfishing at Catalina and the Tuna Club, see Reiger, Profiles in Salt Water Angling, 74–78.
10. Lina Grey, Honeymoon Journal, February 1–8, 1906 (BY-G2).
11. The next year when Grey returned for his trip with Buffalo Jones, a snowstorm delayed the start and they opted for a visit to Los Angeles. Grey wrote to Dolly that he hoped to visit Catalina again, but improved weather in Arizona prompted them to return sooner and he probably did not get to Catalina. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, March 27, 1907 (CK).
12. Reiger, Profiles in Salt Water Angling, 91–93.
13. Lina Grey, Honeymoon Journal, February 15–18, 1906 (BY-G2).
14. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, February 27, 1906 (BY).
15. “Shields, George Oliver,” Dictionary of American Biography, vol. 9, 106, and American National Biography, vol.19, 837–38. Also Mott, History of American Magazines, vol. 4, 381.
16. Shields’ 4 (April, 1907), 280.
17. These articles are: “A Night in a Jungle,” “The Leaping Tarpon,” “Three Strikes and Out,” “Byme-by-Tarpon,” and “Cruising in Mexican Waters.” In his Journal, 1905–10, Grey recorded no entries from December 1906 to June 5, 1907. His first June entry begins: “Whatever has become of the months since I wrote here last? Six months! I have been to old Mexico and to Arizona in that time.”
18. Waddell, “Tarpon Fishing at Tamos,” 234–36.
19. Davis, Dark Side of Fortune, 34–39 and 42–46.
20. “Alvah James, 79, Adventurer, Dies,” New York Times, October 23, 1958, 33.
21. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, May 1, 1906 (BY-G).
22. This lecture may have been hosted by the Canadian Club, since James had a closer affiliation with it and it later hosted Jones’s lecture about his outing with Grey. ZGM—L possesses a broadside for the Canadian Club lecture by Jones. Also Lina Grey, Letter to Zane Grey, March 6, 1909 (mss. 1262, OHS).
23. Grey, “My Own Life,” 2.
24. Schmitt, Back to Nature, 45–55, and Brooks, Speaking for Nature, 210–15.
25. Grey, “My Own Life,” 3.
26. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, May 1906 (BY-G2).
27. Grey, “My Own Life,” 2.
28. Lina Grey, Letter to Zane Grey, March 6, 1909 (OHS)
.
29. In a February 15, 1911, letter to David Rust (LDS), Grey mentioned a fee of $5/day, which would make this figure a conservative estimate of his total cost.
30. Owens relied on the bounties for these predators as an important supplement to his salary. By 1913, he estimated that he had killed over 200, and later raised his estimate to 1,200.
31. Isenberg, Destruction of the Bison, 181.
32. Dary, Buffalo Book, 227–28.
33. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, “Sunday” [1907] (BY-G2).
34. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, March 27, [1907] (BY-G2).
35. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, Easter Sunday, 1907 (LG).
36. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, April 8, 1907 (BY-G).
37. A fuller account of this trial and its background can be found in Reilly, Lee’s Ferry, 193–206.
38. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, April 12, [1907] (BY-G2).
39. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, April 8, [1907] (BY-G).
40. Grey, “Notebook of Visit to Cave Dwellings,” 15 (mss. 1262, OHS). This journal, which is from Grey’s 1907 trip to Arizona, is not accurately identified in the OHS cataloguing of it.
41. Grey kept notes on what he learned about Lee from Emett, “Notebook of Visit to Cave Dwellings,” 24 (mss. 1262, OHS). Recently, several popular books have discussed Lee and the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Bagley, Blood of the Prophets, Denton, American Massacre, and Krakauer, Under the Banner of Heaven. See also Eakin, “Reopening the Mormon Murder Mystery,” A19 and A21.
42. Grey, “Man Who Influenced Me Most,” 52–54. Emett’s marriages are discussed in Reilly, Lee’s Ferry, 147–50. Grey claimed that Emett had eighteen children, but he probably did not know about two of Emma’s children who lived only several months.
43. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, April 12, 1907 (BY-G2).
44. On two different occasions in her journals, Claire Wilhelm mentions Zane telling others about this polygamist.
45. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, March 29, 1907 (Bmms).
46. Anderson, Living at the Edge, 147.
47. Grey added a second m to the spelling of Emett’s name. Reilly explains that Emett did, in fact, spell his name with a second m until the 1870s and then suddenly dropped it. Reilly, Lee’s Ferry, 147.
48. Grey, Last of the Plainsmen, 16.
49. After the trip was over, Grant Wallace wrote to Grey that Jones was “thoroughly despicable, picayunish and a four flusher.” At the outset of the trip, Grey reported that Jones kicked and shot at his dogs. “Everyone out here hates him [Jones],” he added. “And I’ve learned to do the same.” During negotiations relating to the book, Grey became so exasperated with his “flippant attitude” and “many slights and unkindnesses” that he decided (briefly) to sever ties with him.
50. Grey, “Man Who Influenced Me Most,” 54–55, 130–36.
51. Yost, Buffalo Bill, 25.
52. Zane Grey, Letter to Daniel Murphy, June 2, 1907 (Edwin Markham Collection, Wagner College).
53. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, September 1, 1907 (BY).
54. Grey’s journal reveals that he actually received a letter of rejection from Hitchcock a week before this meeting. Grey, Journal 1905–10, February 8 and 14, 1908 (BY).
55. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, December 8, 1907 (BY).
56. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, March 6, [1908] (CK).
57. “Warner, Eltinge Fowler,” National Cyclopedia of American Biography, vol. 53, 180. Also Mott, History of American Magazines, vol. 4, 332.
58. The Nation 87 (September 24, 1908), 287.
59. Field and Stream 13 (October, 1908), 543.
60. Field and Stream 13 (December, 1908), 724.
61. Field and Stream 13 (January, 1909), 731.
62. Grey, Journal, Arizona, 1908 (NAU).
63. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, March 29, 1907 (Bmms).
64. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, April 20, 1908 (CK).
65. Grey, “Roping Lions,” in Tales of Lonely Trails, 66.
66. Grey, Journal 1905–10, February 6 and 19, 1908 (BY). In a December 7–8, 1907, letter to Murphy, Dolly wrote, “The purpose of this letter is to make up for a disgraceful lapse of Zane’s. I don’t know how many times he has written you since ‘The Desert’ came and each time I remember telling him not to forget to thank you for us both” (Edwin Markham Collection, Wagner College).
67. Grey, “What the Desert Means to Me,” 5 and 7.
68. Leopold, “Thinking Like a Mountain,” 130.
69. Field and Stream 13 (December, 1908), 724.
70. Obituary for Will H. Dilg, New York Times, March 29, 1927, 25. See also “Will H. Dilg” in Stroud, National Leaders of Conservation, 126, and Ives, “Interview with Zane Grey,” 6. Marguerite Ives was Dilg’s wife and she mentions in this article that she and Dilg first met Grey on this trip. Grey confirmed this in various tributes to Dilg following his death.
71. Dilg, “When Woman Goes Fishing,” 922. Marguerite Dilg’s visits to Tampico for 1905 and 1906 are verified in letters about Tampico that were published in Forest and Stream. An entry from December 9, 1905, 476, records that she caught twenty-five tarpon. One from April 7, 1906, 555, notes that Dilg fished five days and landed twelve.
72. Tarpon was composed of a short letter by Grey and condensed versions of “Byme-by-Tarpon” and “Three Strikes and Out.” Nassau, Cuba, Mexico was a short travelogue written by Grey about points of interest to passengers on the Ward line. Moody’s reveals that during 1906–7, the Ward line underwent a major refinancing, a corporate relocation, and a change of corporate leadership. A. G. Smith, who had been the company’s secretary, became its first vice president, a position he retained through three rapid turnovers of presidents. The extension of the line’s service to Tampico resulted from these developments, and Tarpon was used as promotion for it.
73. Recently, several pages from Dolly’s journal of this trip were auctioned by Butterfield’s (December 11, 1997, lot no. 8286). The location of the journal itself is currently unknown. Dolly’s earlier return is confirmed by a letter from Dolly in Lackawaxen to Zane in Tampico dated March 6, 1909 (mss. 1262, OHS). Zane once claimed that Romer was conceived in Alacanes, but Dolly’s sickness suggests that she conceived earlier than this. On March 24, 1909, Grey wrote in his Journal, 1905–10, “Have just returned from a three months trip to Cuba, Yucatan, and Mexico” (BY).
74. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, [February, 1909?] (GH).
75. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, February 17, 1909 (GH).
76. Grey, “Down an Unknown Jungle River,” in Tales of Southern Rivers, 177.
77. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, April 1, 1909 (BY).
78. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, May 22, 1909 (BY).
79. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, April 22, 1909 (BY).
80. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, July 18, 1909 (BY).
81. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, October, 31, 1909 (BY).
82. Grey finished The Heritage of the Desert on January 23, 1910. Journal 1905–10 (BY). The novel was accepted by Harper and Brothers in early April and published in September that same year.
83. Presumably Grey’s imagination, Betty Zane, and perhaps The Squaw Man inspired this character, but a photograph opposite page 165 in Grey, Tales of Lonely Trails, showing Grey on a mule in front of a comely, smiling Indian maiden, suggests that Mescal may have been based upon an actual person. This photograph may also date from a later trip.
84. Grey, Heritage of the Desert, 5.
85. Reilly claims that the villainous Holderness in The Heritage of the Desert was based on Charlie Dimmick, the foreman for the Bar Z Ranch. Reilly, Lee’s Ferry, 206.
86. Tompkins, West of Everything, 157.
87. Journal, 1905–10, January 18, 1908; February 3, 1908; September 26, 1908 (BY).
88. Journal, 1905–10, December 21, 1908; April 19, 1909; June 30, 1909; and January 23, 1910 (BY).
89. White, Eastern Establishment and Western Experience.<
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90. Wister, Virginian, x.
91. Van Dyke, Desert, 22.
92. Austin, Land of Little Rain, 16 and 21.
Chapter 4: Pursuit of the Dream: 1911–14
1. Zane Grey, Letter to Anna Andre, February 16, 1918 (BY-G). Also “Zane Grey,” a promotional broadsheet circulated by Harpers.
2. Zane Grey, Letter to Dan Beard, June 5, 1910 (Dan Beard Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.).
3. Grey, Journal, 1910–12, March 10, 1911 (JW).
4. Grey, Journal, 1905–10, April 18, 1909 (BY).
5. Ibid., October 16, 1908.
6. Ibid., July 15, 1910.
7. Grey, Journal 1905–10, May 19, 1910 (BY), and Journal 1910–12, October 10, 1910 (JW). In a 1917 entry in another journal, Grey discusses meeting “an old sweetheart of mine” who was greatly changed from the beautiful woman she was “ten years ago.” Given Grey’s carelessness with dates, he may well have been referring to a girlfriend from before his 1905 marriage rather than from two years afterward.
8. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, “Sunday” [1907] (BY-G2).
9. Grey, Journal, 1910–12, November 9, 1911 (JW).
10. Ibid., January 8, 1911.
11. Grey, Journal 1905–10, July 2, 1910 (BY).
12. Field and Stream 15 (February, 1911), 1012. In April 1908, just following Harpers’ acceptance of The Heritage of the Desert, Zane wrote to Dolly: “Mr. Warner tried to cut me down again in price, and I told him I couldn’t let him have the Jungle stuff. I can get $580 for it from Recreation.”
13. Zane Grey, Letters to George Allen, August 7, 1910, and January 8, 1911, Zane Grey Review 13 (February, 1998), 18.
14. Zane Grey, Letter to George Allen, [March, 1911], 18.
15. Akin, Flagler, 220–21.
16. Zane Grey, Letter to Lina Grey, February 9, 1911 (LG).
17. Grey, “Sea-Tigers,” 782.
18. Ibid., 791.
19. Zane Grey, Letter to David Rust, December 4, 1910 (LDS).
20. Ibid., March 26, April 4, and April 14, 1911 (LDS).
21. Ibid., April 20, 1911 (LDS).
22. Coconino Sun, April 21, 1911, 1.
23. Hassell, Rainbow Bridge, 43–65. See also John Wetherill, “Notes on the Discovery of Betatakin,” April, 1955, Stuart Young Collection (NAU). In this account, Wetherill mentions that Cummings paid a local Indian five dollars to guide him to the site and was so pressured by his imminent Rainbow Bridge trip that he stayed only a single hour at Betatakin following its discovery.
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