5. See the unpublished memoirs of K. Charkviani, p. 35.
6. These observations come from a visit on 11 September 2002.
7. A barracks for the guards was adjacent to Stalin’s quarters.
8. Visit by author: 11 September 2002.
9. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 140; S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 191.
10. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 140.
11. Ibid.
12. Tak govoril Kaganovich, p. 52.
13. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 527.
14. See S. Wheatcroft, ‘From Team-Stalin to Degenerate Tyranny’, p. 92.
15. L. M. Kaganovich, Pamyatnye zapiski, p. 498.
16. See O. Khlevnyuk, ‘Stalin i organy gosudarstvennoi bezopasnosti v posle-voennyi period’, p. 544.
17. A. Mgeladze, Stalin, kakim ya ego znal, pp. 71–2.
18. Ibid., pp. 72–3.
19. Ibid., pp. 83–4.
20. Ibid. See also S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 134.
21. Ibid., p. 92; S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 134.
22. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 529; K. Charkviani’s memoirs, op. cit., p. 21.
23. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 134.
24. Ibid., p. 141.
25. Ibid., p. 142.
26. Ibid., p. 240.
27. Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR, 1945–1953, pp. 349–51.
28. A. Mgeladze, Stalin, kakim ya ego znal, p. 91.
29. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 237.
30. J. Bardach and K. Gleeson, Surviving Freedom, pp. 87 and 235.
31. J. Rubenstein and V. P. Naumov (eds), Stalin’s Secret Pogrom.
32. See G. V. Kostyrchenko, Tainaya politika Stalina. Vlast’ i antisemitizm, pp. 671–84.
33. M. G. Pervukhin, ‘Korotko o perezhitom’, p. 143.
34. L. M. Kaganovich, Pamyatnye zapiski, p. 498.
35. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 570.
36. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniya, p. 209.
37. Ibid., p. 210: I have put the text together from Simonov’s remarks. No stenographic record was made of the proceedings: see A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 575.
38. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniya, p. 210.
39. Ibid., p. 209.
40. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, pp. 574–5.
41. M. G. Pervukhin, ‘Korotko o perezhitom’, p. 144.
42. Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR, 1945–1953, p. 89
43. Ibid., pp. 89–90.
44. Ibid., pp. 432–5.
45. Ibid., p. 434.
46. A. Mikoyan, Tak bylo, p. 579.
47. T. H. Rigby, ‘Was Stalin a Disloyal Patron?’
54. Death and Embalming
1. I follow Svetlana Allilueva’s memoir here. W. Taubman suggests it was the (later) New Year’s Eve party, but I think this is based on a rather vague reference in Khrushchëv’s memoirs.
2. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 21.
3. J. Davrichewy, Ah! Ce qu’on rigolait bien, p. 71. See above, p. 26.
4. N. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, p. 256.
5. Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR, pp. 395–6.
6. Pravda, 13 January 1953.
7. N. S. Khrushchëv, ‘Memuary Nikity Sergeevicha Khrushchëva’, Voprosy istorii, no. 2/3, pp. 90–1.
8. Ibid.
9. See Lozgachëv’s testimony to E. Radzinsky, Stalin, pp. 552–3.
10. P. I. Yegorov, ‘Poslednyaya noch’ Stalina’, Argumenty i fakty, no. 10 (March 2003), p. 10. Yegorov was on guard duty, at position number 6, at Stalin’s dacha on 1 March.
11. Ibid.
12. This is the plausible suggestion in E. Radzinsky, Stalin, pp. 553–4.
13. See Lozgachëv’s testimony to E. Radzinsky, ibid.
14. J. Brent and V. P. Naumov, Stalin’s Doctors’ Plot, pp. 316–17.
15. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 5.
16. J. Brent and V. P. Naumov, Stalin’s Doctors’ Plot, p. 318.
17. Ibid.
18. Y. Rappoport, The Doctors’ Plot, pp. 151–2.
19. A. Mgeladze, Stalin, kakim ya ego znal, pp. 234–5.
20. J. Brent and V. P. Naumov, Stalin’s Doctors’ Plot, p. 319.
21. S. Allilueva, Dvadtsat’ pisem k drugu, p. 7.
22. ‘Poslednyaya “otstavka” Stalina’, p. 110. A. Mgeladze, however, suggested — wrongly — that Stalin was already dead: Stalin, kakim ya ego znal, pp. 235.
23. ‘Poslednyaya “otstavka” Stalina’, p. 110.
24. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 238.
25. J. Brent and V. P. Naumov, Stalin’s Doctors’ Plot, p. 314.
26. I. Zbarsky and S. Hutchinson, Lenin’s Embalmers, p. 164.
27. Ibid., p. 165.
28. P. I. Yegorov, ‘Poslednyaya noch’ Stalina’, Argumenty i fakty, no. 10 (March 2003), p. 11.
29. V. Semichastnyi, Bespokoinoe serdtse, p. 77.
30. This account comes from the report of Sir A. Gascoigne, 16 March 1953: Churchill and Stalin: Documents from the British Archives, Appendix, pp. 1–2.
31. S. Beria, Beria, My Father, p. 250.
55. After Stalin
1. See above, p. 587.
2. See Zh. and R. Medvedev, Neizvestnyi Stalin, chapter 3.
3. Robert McNeal undertook this task unofficially and published volumes 14–16 through the Hoover Institution in 1967.
4. Quoted by Zh. and R. Medvedev, Neizvestnyi Stalin, pp. 82–3.
5. K. Simonov, Glazami cheloveka moego pokoleniya, pp. 241–2.
6. See R. Conquest, Power and Policy in the USSR, pp. 211–27.
7. R. Service, ‘The Road to the Twentieth Party Congress’.
8. V. Semichastnyi, Bespokoinoe serdtse, p. 82.
9. See N. Barsukov, ‘Kak sozdavalsya “zakrytyi doklad” Khrushchëva’, p. 11.
10. Istoriya Kommunisticheskoi Partii Sovetskogo Soyuza.
11. The Politburo minute is quoted by V. Bukovskii, Moskovskii protsess, p. 88.
12. Rossiiskaya gazeta, 6 November 1999.
13. See R. Service, Russia: Experiment with a People, pp. 211–13.
14. Ibid., p. 110.
15. V. Topolyansky, ‘The Cheynes–Stokes Draught’, p. 29.
16. See the argument in R. Service, ‘Architectural Problems of Reform in the Soviet Union: From Design to Collapse’, pp. 9–17.
17. Ibid., pp. 11–16.
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography is confined to works referred to in the notes.
Archives, Museums and Unpublished Works
The British Library
K. Charkviani, unpublished memoirs
Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii [GARF]
fond 81 fond 3316 fond 7523
fond 1318 fond 6980 fond R-130
Gosudarstvennyi Dom-Muzei I. V. Stalina (Gori) [GDMS]
S. Kavtaradze, tsareulis purtsebli, vols. 1–2 (Tbilisi, 1969)
Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sotsial’no-Politicheskoi Istorii [RGASPI]
fond 2 fond 16 fond 71 fond 82
fond 3 fond 17 fond 73 fond 85
fond 4 fond 44 fond 74 fond 332
fond 5 fond 46 fond 76 fond 558 (Stalin)
fond 12 fond 64 fond 81 fond 668
Volkogonov Papers (Oxford)
Newspapers and Periodicals
Agitator
American Historical Review
Argumenty i fakty
Bol’shevik
Bor’ba
Byulleten’ oppozitsii
Cahiers du Monde Russe et Soviétique
Christian Science Monitor
Dagens Nyheter
Europe-Asia Studies
Glasgow Academy Herald
Istochnik
Istoricheskii arkhiv
Izvestiya
Izvestiya Tsentral’nogo Komiteta KPSS
Journal of Communist Studies
Journal of Economic History
Kommunist
Komsomol’skaya pravda
Krasnaya zvezda
Krasnyi arkhiv
Literaturnaya gazeta
Molodaya gvardiya
Nauka i zhizn’
Novaya i noveishaya istoriya
Novaya zhizn’
Novyi zhurnal
Otechestvennye arkhivy
Pod znamenem marksizma
Pravda
Proletarskaya revolyutsiya
Prosveshchenie
Rabochii put’
Rodina
Rossiiskaya gazeta
Russian Review
Slavia
Slavic Review
Sotsialisticheskii vestnik
Sovershenno sekretno
Svobodnaya mysl’
Voenno-istoricheskii zhurnal
Voprosy istorii
Voprosy istorii KPSS
Vperë d
Soviet Studies
Trud
Zvezda (Moscow)
Documentary Collections
Akademicheskoe delo 1929–1931 gg., vol. 1, Delo po obvineniyu akademika S. F. Platonova (St Petersburg, 1993)
S. Alieva (ed.), Tak eto bylo: natsional’nye repressii v SSSR, vols 1–3 (Moscow, 1993)
Atlas aziatskoi Rossii. Izdanie pereselencheskogo upravleniya glavnogo upravleniya zemleustroistva i zemledeliya (St Petersburg, 1914)
L’Armata Rossa e la collettivizazzione delle campagne nell’ URSS (1928–1933) (eds A. Romano and N. Tarchova: Naples, 1996)
Bol’shevistskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1912–1927 (eds A. V. Kvashonkin, O. V. Khlevnyuk, L. P. Kosheleva and L. A. Rogovaya: Moscow, 1996)
‘Bosco d’inverno a Zubalov’, Slavia (1997)
Chetvërtyi (ob”edinitel’nyi) s”ezd RSDRP (Moscow, 1949)
Chetvërtyi (ob”edinitel’nyi) s”ezd RSDRP. Protokoly. Aprel’–mai 1906 goda (Moscow, 1959)
Chetyrnadtsatyi s”ezd Vsesoyuznoi Kommunisticheskoi Partii (b).15–31 marta 1925 goda. Stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow, 1926)
Churchill and Stalin. Documents from the British Archives (eds FCO Historians C. Baxter and M. A. L. Longden: London, 2002)
The Cominform. Minutes of the Three Conferences, 1947/1948/1949 (eds G. Procacci, G. Adibekov, A. Di Biagio, L. Gibianskii, F. Gori and S. Pons: Milan, 1994)
Dagli Archivi di Mosca. L’URSS, il Cominform e il PCI (1943–1951) (eds F. Gori and S. Pons: Rome, 1998)
Devyataya konferentsiya RKP(b). Sentyabr’ 1920 goda. Protokoly (Moscow, 1972)
Desyatyi s”ezd RKP(b). Mart 1921 g. Stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow, 1961)
Dimitrov and Stalin, 1934–1943. Letters from the Soviet Archives (eds A. Dallin and F. I. Firsov: Yale, 2000)
Dve besedy I. V. Stalina s General’nym Sekretarëm Ob”edinënnykh Natsii Tryugve Li’, Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, no.3 (2001)
Dvenadtsatyi s”ezd RKP(b). 17–25 aprelya 1923 goda: stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow, 1968)
Iosif Stalin v ob”yatiyakh sem’i. Iz lichnogo arkhiva (eds Yu. G. Murin and V. N. Denisov: Moscow, 1993)
Istoricheskie mesta Tbilisi. Putevoditel’ po mestam, svyazannym s zhizn’yu i deyatel’nost’yu I. V. Stalina (ed. Georgian Filial of the Institute of Marx-Engels-Lenin: 2nd, revised edn; Tbilisi, 1944)
Istoriya sovetskoi politicheskoi tsenzury. Dokumenty i kommentarii (ed. M. Goryaeva: Moscow, 1997)
V. Kaminskii and I. Vereshchagin, ‘Detstvo i yunost’ vozhdya. Dokumenty, zapiski, rasskazy’, Molodaya gvardiya, no. 12 (1939)
I. V. Kovalëv, ‘Dvenadtsat’ sovetov I. V. Stalina rukovodstvu kompartii Kitaya’ (ed. A. M. Ledovskii), Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, no. 1 (2004)
Lado Ketskhoveli. Sbornik dokumentov i materialov (Tbilisi, 1969)
V. I. Lenin, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (5th edn: Moscow, 1958–65)
Lubyanka. Stalin i VChK-GPU-OGPU-NKVD. Yanvar’ 1922 — dekabr’ 1936 (eds V. N. Khaustov, V. P. Naumov and N. S. Plotnikova: Moscow, 2003)
‘Materialy fevral’skogo-martovskogo plenuma TsK VKP(b) 1937 goda’, Voprosy istorii, no. 10 (1994), no. 2 (1995) and no. 3 (1995)
Neizvestnyi Zhukov. Lavry i ternii polkovodtsa Dokumenty. Mneniya. Razmyshleniya (ed. V. G. Krasnov: Moscow, 2000)
Obshchestvo i vlast’. 1930-e gody. Povestvovanie v dokumentakh (eds A. K. Sokolov, S. V. Zhuravlëv, L. P. Kosheleva, L. A. Rogovaya and V. B. Tel’pukhovskii: Moscow, 1998)
Odinnadtsatyi s”ezd RKP(b). Mart-aprel’ 1922 g. Stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow, 1961)
Perepiska V. I. Lenina i rukovodimykh im uchrezhdenii RSDRP s mestnymi partiinymi organizatsiyami. 1905–1907, vol. 2, part 1 (Moscow, 1982)
Perepiska predsedatelya Soveta Ministrov SSSR s prezidentami SShA i prem’erministrami Velikobritanii vo vremya velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny, 1941–1945 gg., vols 1–2 (eds A. A. Gromyko, V. M. Khvostov, I. N. Zemskov, G. A. Belov, Ye. M. Zhukov, S. M. Maiorov, A. A. Novosel’skii, B. F. Podtserob, M. A. Sivolobov, P. N. Tret’yakov and M. A. Kharlamov: Moscow, 1957)
Pisatel’ i vozhd’: perepiska M. A. Sholokhova s I. V. Stalinym 1931–1950 gody (Moscow, 1997)
Pis’ma vo vlast’, 1917–1927 (eds A. Ya. Livshin and I. B. Orlov: Moscow, 1998)
Pis’ma I. V. Stalina V. M. Molotovu, 1925–1936 gg. Sbornik dokumentov (eds L. Kosheleva, V. Lel’chuk, V. Naumov, O. Naumov, L. Rogovaya and O. Khlevnyuk: Moscow, 1995)
Politbyuro RKP(b)-VKP(b). Povestki dnya zasedanii, vols 1–3 (eds G. M. Adibekov, K. M. Anderson and L. A. Rogovaya: Moscow, 2000–1)
Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i otnosheniya SSSR s zapadnymi sosednimi gosudarstvami (konets 1920–1930-kh gg.) (eds O. N. Ken and A. I. Rupasov: St Petersburg, 2000)
Politbyuro TsK VKP(b) i Sovet Ministrov SSSR, 1945–1953 (eds O. V. Khlevnyuk, Y. Gorlizki, L. P. Kosheleva, A. I. Minyuk, M. Yu. Prozumenshchikov, L. A. Rogovaya and S. V. Somonova: Moscow, 2002)
‘Posetiteli kremlëvskogo kabineta Stalina’ (eds A. V. Korotkov, A. D. Chernev and A. A. Chernobaev), Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 5/6 (1997)
‘Poslednyaya “otstavka” Stalina’ (ed. A. S. Chernyaev), Istochnik, no. 1 (1994)
‘Pravil’naya politika pravitel’stva reshaet uspekh armii. Kto dostoin byt’ marshalom?’, Istochnik, no. 3 (2002)
‘Proidët desyatok let, i eti vstrechi ne vosstanovish’ uzhe v pamyati. Dnevnikovye zapisi V. A. Malysheva’, Istochnik, no. 5 (1997)
‘Protokoly i rezolyutsii Byuro TsK RSDRP(b) (mart 1917 g.)’, VIKPSS, no. 3 (1962)
Protokoly Tsentral’nogo Komiteta RSDRP(b). Avgust 1917 — fevral’ 1918 (Moscow, 1958)
‘Protokoly Vserossiiskogo (martovskogo) soveshchaniya partiinykh rabotnikov, 27 marta — 2 aprelya 1917 g.’, VIKPSS, no. 6 (1962)
Pyatyi (londonskii) s”ezd RSDRP. Protokoly. Aprel’-mai 1907 goda (Moscow, 1963)Pyatnadtsatyi s”ezd Vsesoyuznoi Kommunisticheskoi Partii-(b). Stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow-Leningrad, 1928)
‘Rasstrel po raznaryadke, ili Kak eto delali bol’sheviki’, Trud, (4 June 1992)
Razgovory s Bukharinym (ed. Yu. G. Fel’shtinskii: Moscow, 1993)
Reabilitatsiya: politicheskie protsessy 30–50-kh godov (ed. A. N. Yakovlev: Moscow 1991)
Le repressioni degli anni trenta nell’Armata Rossa (eds A. Cristiani and V. M. Michaleva: Naples, 1996)
Resheniya partii i pravitel’stva po khozyaistvennym voprosam vol. 3 (Moscow, 1968)
Revolyutsiya 1905 goda v Zakavkaz’e. (Khronika sobytii, dokumenty i materialy). Po materialam Muzeya Revolyutsii Gruzii (Istpartotdel TsK KP(b) Gruzii: Tiflis, 1926)
The Road to Terror: Stalin and the Self-Destruction of the Bolsheviks, 1932–1939 (edited and introduced by O. V. Naumov and J. A. Getty: London, 1999)
Sed’maya (aprel’skaya) vserossiiskaya konferentsiya RSDRP (bol’shevikov). Petrogradskaya konferentsiya obshchegorodskaya konferentsiya RSDRP (bol’shevikov). Aprel’ 1917 goda (Moscow, 1958)
Semnadtsatyi s”ezd Vsesoyuznoi Kommunisticheskoi Partii (b), 26 yanvarya — 10 fevralya 1934. Stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow, 1934)
S. Shaumyan,
Izbrannye proizvedeniya, vols 1–2 (Moscow, 1957)
Shestoi s”ezd RSDRP(b). Avgust 1917 goda. Protokoly (Moscow, 1958)
Skrytaya pravda voiny. 1941 god (eds P. N. Knyshevskii et al.: Moscow, 1992)
Slovo tovarishchu Stalinu (ed. R. Kosolapov: 2nd edn, Moscow, 2002)
Sovetskoe rukovodstvo. Perepiska, 1928–1941 (eds A. V. Kvashonkin, L. P. Koshel-eva, L. A. Rogovaya and O. V. Khlevnyuk: Moscow, 1999)
S. Spandar’yan (Timofei), Stat’i, pis’ma, dokumenty, 1882–1916 (Yerevan, 1940)
SSSR — Pol’sha. Mekhanizmy podchineniya. 1944–1949 gg. Sbornik dokumentov (eds G. Bordyugov, G. Matveev, A. Kosevskii and A. Pachkovskii: Moscow, 1995)
Stalin i Kaganovich. Perepiska. 1931–1936 gg. (eds O. V. Khlevnyuk, R. W. Davies, E. A. Rees, L. A. Rogovaya: Moscow, 2001)
Stalin v vospominaniyakh sovremennikov i dokumentov epokhi (eds L. Anninskii et al.: Moscow, 2002)
I. Stalin, Stikhi (Moscow, 1997)
‘I. V. Stalin dal slovo zhenit’sya’, Istochnik, no. 4 (2002)
I. V. Stalin, Marksizm i natsional’nyi vopros in Marksizm i natsional’no-kolonial’nyi vopros. Sbornik statei i rechei (Moscow, 1937)
‘I. V. Stalin o “Kratkom kurse po istorii VKP(b)”. Stenogramma vystupleniya na soveshchanii propagandistov Moskvy i Leningrada’, Istoricheskii arkhiv, no. 5 (1994)
I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya vols 1–13 (Moscow, 1952–4)
I. V. Stalin, Sochineniya vols 1(xiv)-3(xvi) (ed. R. MacNeal: Stanford, 1967)
Stalinskoe Politbyuro v 30-e gody: Sbornik dokumentov (eds O. V. Khlevnyuk, A. V. Kvashonkin, L. P. Kosheleva and L. A. Rogovaya: Moscow, 1995)
‘Stenogrammy ochnykh stavok v TsK VKP(b). Dekabr’ 1936 goda’, Voprosy istorii, nos. 3 and 4 (2002)
Ya. M. Sverdlov, Izbrannye proizvedeniya vols 1–2 (Moscow, 1957)
Tainy natsional’noi politiki RKP(b). Chetvërtoe soveshchanie TsK RKP s otvetstvennymi rabotnikami natsional’nykh respublik i oblastei v g. Moskve, 9–12 iyunya 1923 g. Stenograficheskii otchë t (Moscow, 1992)
P. Togliatti, Opere, vols. 1–6, (Rome, 1967–84)
Tragediya sovetskoi derevni: kollektivizatsiya i raskulachivanie, dokumenty i materialy v 5 tomakh, 1927–1939 (eds V. P. Danilov, R. Manning and L. Viola: Moscow, 1999–)
Tretii s”ezd RSDRP. Protokoly. Aprel’ — mai 1905 goda (Moscow, 1959)
Tretii Vserossiiskii S”ezd Sovetov Rabochikh, Soldatskikh i Krest’yanskikh Deputatov (Petersburg [sic], 1918)
Stalin: A Biography Page 84