Marlborough

Smollett, Tobias, 477

  Smyrna convoy:

  ambushed (1693), 182–3

  Snyder, Henry L., 6, 101, 413

  Soignies, 204

  Solms, Heinrich Maastricht, Count, 172, 181–2

  Somers, John, Baron, 28, 35n, 364, 413, 415, 444

  Somerset, Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of, 32, 138, 177, 205, 207, 414, 442, 475

  Somerset, Elizabeth, Duchess of, 23

  Somerset, William Seymour, 3rd Duke of, 113–16, 131

  South Sea Bubble, 444, 473

  Southampton, Charles FitzRoy, 1st Duke of (and 2nd Duke of Cleveland), 62

  Southampton, Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of, 49

  Southwell, Elizabeth Cromwell, Lady, 257, 481

  Southwold Bay, battle of (1672), 68–9, 77

  Spaar, General, 243, 429

  Spagge, Sir Edward, 61

  Spain:

  campaign in, 208–9, 246, 329–30, 350, 356–7, 360, 362–3

  in peace terms, 410, 420, 435, 441, 452, 458–9

  Spanish Netherlands:

  in War of League of Augsburg, 181–2

  and Spanish succession, 193

  occupation and extent, 196, 198

  France loses territory, 356

  Dutch unpopularity in, 361

  governed by Anglo-Dutch condominium, 368, 371

  campaign of 1708 in, 369

  Marlborough offered governorship, 421

  see also Flanders

  Spanish Succession, War of (1701–13):

  sources, 8

  ends, 15

  and War of League of Augsburg, 172–3

  origins, 192–3

  conduct, 209

  opening campaign in Low Countries, 224–7

  and French demands, 322

  Sparke, William, 120

  Spectator (journal), 36

  Spencer, Lady Anne (Marlborough’s daughter) see Sunderland, Countess of

  Spencer, Charles (historian), 3

  Spencer, Charles, Lord see Sunderland, 3rd Earl of

  Spencer, Lady Diana, 473

  Spencer, Major Giles, 20

  Spencer-Churchill family, 476

  Speyerbach, 305

  battle of (1704), 251, 254

  Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of, 181, 208

  Stair, John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of, 284, 347, 391, 403, 454, 467

  Stanhope, Major General James, 1st Earl, 303, 356–7

  Stanislas Lesczynski, King of Poland, 357

  Steele, Sir Richard, 15, 18

  Steenkirk, battle of (1692), 172, 181–2

  Stepney, George, 212, 218, 220, 254, 368, 438

  Stewart, Major-General William, 19

  Stollhofen, Lines of, 240, 250–1, 256, 268, 278, 305, 331

  Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of, 210

  Strafford, Major General Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Earl of (earlier Baron Raby):

  on Masham’s patronage, 23

  on Portmore’s selling regiment to Kirke, 24

  Cadogan meets, 210

  told of Marlborough’s forces, 216

  praises Cadogan, 217

  Stepney seconds in Berlin, 254

  and Cadogan’s staff work, 256

  and Marlborough’s campaign against Vendôme, 361

  and capture of Cadogan, 367

  relations with Cadogan, 440

  denied promotion, 446–7

  Strasbourg, 90, 188, 249

  Stretton, Lieutenant, 405

  Strickland, Admiral Sir Roger, 145

  Strong (Blenheim Palace mason), 301

  Stuart, Frances, 62

  Sturler, General, 388

  Styrum, Hermann Otto Limburg-Styrum, Count zu, 248, 275, 287

  Sunderland, Anne Spencer, Countess of (née Churchill; Marlborough’s daughter), 102, 108, 191, 448, 469, 471

  Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of:

  first marriage (to Anne Churchill), 191

  as extraordinary envoy to Vienna, 304

  Sarah recommends for high office, 351

  appointed secretary of state, 353

  and Marlborough’s siege of Lille, 402

  Anne dismisses, 442–3

  remarries, 473

  Sunderland, Judith, Countess of (née Tichborne), 473

  Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of:

  works with Godolphin, 100

  and Anne’s marriage to Prince George, 106

  and Anne’s circle, 108

  persuades Sarah to reconciliation with William, 186

  Whiggism, 191

  and French peace overtures (1709), 215–16

  opposes Prince George’s exemption from naturalisation clause in Act of Settlement, 234

  Supremacy, Oath of, 77

  Surville, Louis Charles de Hautefort, marquis de, 419

  Sweden:

  defeated in Great Northern War, 306

  see also Charles XII, King of Sweden

  Sweet, Benjamin, 460

  Swift, Jonathan, 5, 33

  The Conduct of the Allies in the late War, 458

  Swift, Richard, 208

  Swiss:

  at battle of Oudenarde, 388

  serve on both sides at Malplaquet, 424

  Syon House, Middlesex, 177, 180

  Talbot, Lieut.-Colonel Richard, 92, 110

  Tallard, Marshal Camille de:

  on Blenheim campaign, 8–9

  in Lines of Stollhofen, 240

  Prince William of Baden resists, 251

  threat in Bavaria, 255

  and Marlborough’s march into Germany, 259–60

  joins Elector of Bavaria, 277–8, 280–1, 283

  defeated at battle of Blenheim, 282, 285, 287–9, 292–5

  ignorance of Marlborough/Eugène’s strength, 282

  praises Zurlauben, 292

  as prisoner, 296–7

  defeats Prince Louis at Speyerbach, 305

  Tangerines (conspiratorial group), 136

  Tangier:

  Pepys in, 10

  British troops in, 49, 51

  as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry, 49, 51

  Marlborough serves in, 59–60

  Taunton, Somerset, 120, 126

  Taviers, 334, 345–6

  Teignmouth, 168

  Temple, Sir Richard, 207

  Tenison, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, 137

  Tessé, Marshal Mans Jean Baptiste René de Froullai, comte de, 259

  Test Acts, 77–8, 131, 137

  in Scotland, 95

  Teviot, Andrew Rutherford, 1st Earl of, 59, 82

  Thiery Wood, Flanders, 422–4

  Thornhill, Sir James, 301

  Thourout, 399

  Thungen, General, 202

  Tillotson, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, 186

  Tilly, Claude t’Serclaes, Count of, 386, 455

  Tincey, John, 118, 128

  Tirlemont, 315, 317, 333

  Tollemache, Lieutenant General Thomas, 161, 172–3, 174, 183, 184

  Tonbridge (Tunbridge), Michael de Burghe, Viscount, 294

  Tongres, 229, 241, 247, 367

  Torbay:

  William lands at, 145

  British invasion fleet returns to, 350

  Torcy, Jean-Baptise Colbert, marquis de, 193, 216, 319, 410, 458

  Tories:

  representation in Parliament, 33

  following and views, 35–7

  on war with France, 37

  name adopted, 90

  and Cockpit circle, 140

  deny pension to Marlborough, 233

  favour seapower, 233

  Sarah’s hostility to, 238–9, 298

  and Blenheim victory, 298

  success of moderates in 1703 election, 304

  removed from office under Anne, 353

  and Webb, 413

  hostility to Marlborough, 415

  disparage Marlborough’s military achievements, 458

  accept Treaty of Utrecht, 459

  Torrington, Admiral Arthur Herbert, 1st Earl of, 13
7, 145, 168

  Torrington, Viscount see Byng, Admiral Sir George

  torture (judicial):

  in France, 66

  in Scotland, 94

  Toulon:

  Allied attack on, 357–61

  Tournai, 367, 393, 418–21, 455

  Tourville, Admiral Anne-Hilarion de Cotentin, 179

  Townshend, Charles, Viscount, 447

  Trained Bands (London), 49

  Trarbach, 249, 251, 305

  Treason Club, 136

  Trelawney, Brigadier General Charles:

  opposes Monmouth rebellion, 114, 125

  conspires against James II, 136

  deserts James II, 151

  serves on commission for army reform, 159

  Trelawney, Sir John, Bishop of Exeter, then of Winchester, 33, 136, 233, 355

  Trento, 250

  Trevelyan, George Macaulay:

  on Marlborough, 4–5

  on Whigs, 36

  on success of William’s invasion, 147

  on effect of battle of Ramillies, 348

  on Malplaquet, 441

  Trier, 249, 251, 305, 309, 311–12

  Trogne, Jean Gérard, Baron van, 243

  Tullibardine, Colonel John Murray the younger, styled Earl of, 433

  Turckheim, 81

  Turenne, Marshal Henri de la Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de, 79–82

  Turin, siege of (1706), 350

  Turkey (Ottoman Empire):

  alliance with French, 146, 250

  and Peace of Carlowitz, 250

  Turnham Green, 187

  Tyrconnell, Frances, Countess of (née Jennings; Sarah Marlborough’s sister):

  serves at court, 83–4

  marriage to Hamilton, 86

  and Marlborough’s courtship of Sarah, 88

  first husband killed, 89

  marriage to Tyrconnell, 92–3

  Marlborough buys share of Jennings home from, 100

  Marlborough arranges pass to Aix for, 327

  Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, Earl (later Duke) of:

  marriage to Frances, 92–3

  and reform of army in Ireland, 133–4

  secures Ireland for James, 166

  and campaign in Ireland (1690), 169, 170–1

  death, 171

  Ulm, 74, 202, 240, 250, 305

  Union, Act of (Scotland-England, 1707), 356

  United Provinces (Dutch Republic):

  commercial treaty with France (1697), 18

  Louis XIV’s threat to and war with, 51, 65–8

  England forms treaty of alliance with (1677), 52

  government, 67, 198–9

  British troops in, 78

  peace with Britain (1674), 78

  war with France ends (1678), 89

  France resumes war with (1688), 146, 159

  Marlborough appointed ambassador, 195–6

  threatened by French, 196, 198

  and Spanish occupation of Netherlands territory, 197–8

  religious toleration, 198

  in War of Spanish Succession, 198–9, 201, 224–5

  conduct of war, 199–200

  maritime interests, 199

  support Marlborough as commander, 201

  and French peace overtures (1709), 216

  raise additional troops (1703), 240

  suspend trade with France, 240

  veto Marlborough’s plan to attack Lines of Brabant, 247

  at Donauwörth, 275

  French negotiate with (1705), 318–19

  and supplies of saltpetre, 326

  see also Dutch, the

  Upcott, Captain (of Oxford Blues), 122

  Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 15, 458–9, 462

  Valencia, 350

  Valenciennes, 420, 453

  Vanbrugh, Sir John:

  declines post of surveyor general, 22

  designs Blenheim Palace, 300–1

  disagrees with Sarah over continuing with Blenheim building, 472

  Sarah dismisses from Blenheim Palace project, 477

  Vauban, Marshal Sebastien le Prestre de, 70, 73–4, 76, 90, 130, 184, 392, 452

  Vaudemont, Charles Thomas, Prince of, 174

  Vegetius:

  De Re Militari, 46–7

  Vendôme, Louis-Joseph, Duke of:

  replaces Villeroi after Ramillies, 349

  opposes Marlborough on Brabant borders, 361–2

  returns captured Cadogan in exchange for Pallavicini, 368

  and 1708 campaign in Spanish Netherlands, 369, 371, 378–9, 393

  Louis XIV sends instructions to, 369–70

  relations with Burgundy, 370, 377–8, 390, 393

  and battle of Oudenarde, 382–4, 386, 389–90

  orders capture of Allied arms convoy, 399

  and siege of Lille, 401

  loses favour, 412

  Venlo, siege of (1701), 227–8

  Venner, Thomas, 49–50

  Verona, 250

  Versailles, 66

  Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy:

  makes separate peace with France (1696), 188

  new treaty of alliance (1703), 239

  defection from France, 252, 329–30

  Eugène disparages, 252

  payments to, 252–3

  attack on Toulon, 357–61

  campaign in Italy, 362

  Palmes meets in Vienna, 416

  dilatoriness, 417

  territorial gains under Peace of Utrecht, 458

  Vienna:

  strategic position, 250

  Vigo Bay:

  Spanish treasure fleet captured, 233

  Villars, Marshal Claude Louis Hector, duc de:

  intervenes at Walcourt, 162

  leads cavalry at Grammont, 174

  aims to capture Kehl, 240

  defeats Prince Louis at Friedlingen, 251

  declines to offer battle at Sieck, 310

  attacks Prince Louis on Rhine, 331–2

  commands army on Rhine, 331

  at battle of Ramillies, 341

  forced to retreat after Ramillies, 348

  appointed commander in Flanders (1709), 412, 417, 420

  character, 412

  deployment and manoeuvres in Flanders, 417–19, 422–3

  on weak state of soldiers, 417

  and Allied attack on Tournai, 418

  given permission to fight, 421

  reinforces Mons, 421

  in battle of Malplaquet, 423, 425, 430–1

  wounded, 431–2, 434

  Marlborough writes to after Malplaquet, 434

  in 1710 campaign, 450–2

  on Charles III’s accession as Emperor, 452

  throws up Ne Plus Ultra lines, 453–4, 457

  captures Arleux, 454

  Marlborough plans to attack, 455–7

  letter from Ormonde, 462

  victories against Eugène, 462

  Villeroi, Marshal François de Neufville, duc de:

  Eugène captures at Cremona, 224

  commands in Lines of Brabant, 240–4, 246

  captures Tongres, 241

  forage supply, 244

  Marlborough’s confidence of defeating, 256

  and Marlborough’s march into Germany, 259–60

  at Lines of Stollhofen, 278

  Elector joins on Rhine, 305

  in Brabant (1705–6), 310, 317, 331

  sends snuffboxes to Marlborough, 311

  counters Marlborough’s movements at Lines of Brabant, 312

  defeated at Lines of Brabant, 315

  opposes Allied crossing of Dyle, 320–1

  besieges Leau, 331

  deployment and defeat at Ramillies, 332–6, 339, 345, 346–7

  casualties at Ramillies, 348

  replaced by Vendôme after Ramillies, 349

  Villiers, Barbara see Cleveland, Duchess of

  Villiers, Elizabeth see Orkney, Countess of

  Vimy Ridge, 455

  Violaine, Brigadier de, 229

  Voisin, Daniel
François, 412

  Vollant, Simon, 392

  Vryberg, Martinus van, 325

  Wade, Colonel Nathaniel, 112, 116, 124

  Walcourt, battle of (1689), 160–2

  Waldeck, Georg Friedrich, Prince of, 159–62, 173

  Walker, Robert, 14

  Waller, Sir Hardress, 210

  Waller, Sir William, 40

  Walpole, Horace, 235

  Walpole, Sir Robert, 22, 416

  Walter, Lucy, 77, 110

  Wangé, château of, 314

  warfare:

  seasonal conduct of, 220

  Warneton, 421

  Wassenaer en Obdam (Opdam), General Jacob van Wassenaer, Count van, 227, 230–1, 242–6, 318

  Webb, Major General John:

  Toryism, 36, 413

  commands arms convoy in Flanders, 399–401

  and Wynendaele engagement, 399

  in battle of Malplaquet, 400–1, 426

  Webb, Stephen Saunders, 175, 184

  Wedderburn, Major, 416

  Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of:

  compared with Marlborough, 2, 6

  promotion after Moore’s death, 185

  and discipline, 480

  Wentworth, George, 24

  Wentworth, Peter, 23

  Wentworth, Thomas, 5th Baron, 48–9

  Werden, Sir John, 95

  Wermüller, Colonel, 341

  Wesel, 240

  Westonzoyland, Somerset, 120–3, 125 Wharton, Thomas, 1st Marquess of:

  on voting in Lords, 29

  political activities and sympathies, 33–7

  in conspiracy against James II, 136

  supposedly writes lyrics to ‘Lillibulero’, 143

  and Anne’s claim for grant, 164

  earldom, 353

  and Sarah’s differences with Anne, 408

  in Cabinet, 413

  Wheatcroft, Andrew, 1

  Wheate, Sir Thomas, 223, 461

  Whigs:

  in Parliament, 32–3

  junto, 35, 353

  as party, 35–6

  term adopted, 90

  government (1705), 330

  supports funding of war, 330

  election success (1708), 364

  ascendancy, 412, 437

  Marlborough supports, 413

  and peace terms, 441

  government under Harley, 442

  condemn light peace terms for France, 459

  fear Jacobite invasion, 463

  purged from army, 467

  Whitehall, palace of, 56–7

  Wild Geese (Irish), 130, 347

  Wilkes, John, 459

  Wilkes, Lieutenant General, 292

  William I (the Silent), Prince of Orange, 67

  William III (of Orange), King of England, Scotland and Ireland:

  achievements, 1

  appearance, 13

  accession, 15, 156–7

  favours and ennobles Dutch officers, 27, 172

  composition of Parliament, 33

  marriage, 52, 92

  cultivates Hampton Court gardens, 57

  opposes Louis XIV, 67