Sources of knowledge
Intrinsic and extrinsic knowing
How can I know?
The Gettier problem and the Qur’anic formula for knowing
Conclusion
4. Political values: the Qur’an, Prophetic sayings and the Rashidun Era Introduction
Political values from the Qur’an and Prophetic sayings
Rashidun Caliphate – 632–61 AD
The first Caliph: Abu Bakr 632–34 AD
The second Caliph: Umar 634–44 AD
The third Caliph: Uthman 644–56 AD
The fourth Caliph: Ali 656–61 AD
Conclusion
5. Islamic civic culture Introduction
The importance of peaceful coexistence
The conceptual framework for inclusion
The spirit of coexistence in Islam: a normative framework
The myth of the ‘Other’
Linguistic heritage
Jihad, jizyah and justice
Conclusion
Notes
Part 2: Contextual and individual spheres of inquiry 6. The Pakistan movement and competing ideologies Introduction
The interaction of religion and society in Islam
Leadership and the Pakistan movement
Traditionalist leaders
The secularists
The revivalists
Muhammad Iqbal
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Conclusion
7. Constitutional development in Pakistan Introduction
History
Birth of a nation: the interim constitution 1947–58
Exploring constitutional development
The constitutional cases
The constitution of 1956
Collapse of the 1956 Constitution
The Dosso case
The third constitution: General Ayub Khan
The constitution of 1962
Ayub Khan’s resignation
The 1970 Elections and the Rise of Zulfiqar Bhutto
The Asma Jilani case
The constitution of 1973
The scourge of constitutional amendments
Conclusion
8. The ideological discord promoting civil and military hegemony Introduction
Military interventionism in Pakistan
Two political propensities in Pakistan
A military-hegemonic political system
Weakening of military hegemony
The ‘dominant-party’ political system
Persistence of hegemonic forces
Conclusion
9. Conclusion: the real to the ideal Conclusion
Theoretical assertions
Applying the ‘foundational’ values
Final thoughts
Index
Islam and Pakistan’s Political Culture Page 35