The young man’s voice took on the cadence of a prophet. “The terrible anger of Saul against his servant David divided our forces. We were all weak men who trembled like aspens at the sight of their chariots. If David had been there he would have raised up a standard in our midst and shouted us on, and we would have been fleet like mountain goats.”
Hearing the criticism of his dead father, Ishbosheth threw off his royal robe in a rage. “By my father’s good name, I shall not stand and hear you speak of him in these words and with the same mouth bless my enemy, David.”
Gad stood his ground. “It was Saul who led us out to certain defeat. It was his obsession that led him to pass through the Philistine lines to seek out the witch of Endor in the far side of Mount Moreh. He made her call up Samuel from the dead; that is a known sin for our people. Then, faint with fear because of what Samuel had told him, he walked all night to rejoin us at Bilboa. Tired and fearful he could not lead us out to victory against our enemies.”
Ahithophel spoke in a voice strong with suppressed emotion. “It was King Saul who committed this great sin and not my son? Why, then, Gad, did my son die?”
Gad closed his eyes and spoke as though reading from a scroll: “When kings go wrong they carry down to destruction whole nations, not just themselves.”
With that he turned and walked from the court, leaving it shaken as though God, Himself, had spoken. Only Ahithophel was unmoved. He followed Gad to the street and shouted after him.
“My son did no wrong! It is not fair that he should die when he did nothing wrong.”
Angrily Ahithophel returned to his family. He ignored the comfort of Reba and turned to Machir and Bathsheba. Placing his hands on their shoulders he looked into their eyes with a commanding challenge. “Never forget this night,” he said. “You are all that is left of your father’s line. Never forget his blood runs in your veins. Be proud. Be strong and see that you are a credit to his dead name.”
Several days later when he held his first court, Ishbosheth awarded Ahithophel and the refugees from Giloh the nearby Canaanite village of Lodebar: “… until the Philistines are defeated and you can return to Giloh.” Though some of the Canaanites still lived in Lodebar, most of them had fled north to Syria months before, at the outbreak of the hostilities between Israel and the Philistines. “Until Giloh is retaken, Lodebar is yours,” the young king said, glancing for confirmation to Abner, his general, who stood beside him directing all that he did.
Next morning before dawn, Ahithophel, his family and the other villagers rose and packed, then rode through the still, dark streets of Mahanaim toward the gate that led out to the Lodebar road. Bathsheba sat behind her mother on a small sleepy donkey.
Suddenly Noha pulled the animal to a stop and pointed to a lighted window in the wall just above their heads. “That’s Rizpah’s house, King Saul’s concubine. Now they say she’s taken up with General Abner. Look! She’s still up, entertaining him.”
“You can’t be sure,” Reba whispered, reining her own donkey beside them. “It’s more likely she can’t sleep with her husband so recently dead.”
But at that moment a man’s head appeared in the window. It was indeed Abner, drawn by the sound of the people passing below.
At the town gate Noha waited for Reba. “Did you see? I told you it was Abner. That should be proof enough of the evil that is going on within the king’s house.”
Bathsheba could tell by the way her grandmother answered that Reba was upset. “Trouble is not over for the house of Saul,” she agreed, “but let it not be the house of Ahithophel that sets fire to the dry brands of gossip. I wish to God I had not seen it.” With that Reba prodded her donkey forward into the morning mist.
The doves Bathsheba had tied in her scarf fluttered, and she grabbed hold of her mother’s waist to keep from falling. She was tired of riding on donkeys. It would be good to have a home again. She hoped with all her heart that they would be happy in Lodebar.
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Here’s what others have to say about Queen of Sheba:
In Queen of Sheba, Dorr explores in grand detail the relationship of Solomon and Bilqis, the wise queen who shared Solomon’s vast wisdom and riches. Dorr’s powerful account offers insights into Bilqis’s search for truth, love, and faith in a foreign kingdom. In each of these novels, Dorr exercises her considerable skill to unveil the mysteries and passions of the biblical narratives. Highly recommended. —Library Journal
Introduction
Though the story of the Queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon has captured the imagination of artists, poets, and historians from time immemorial, there is little factual information available. Most of the story has to be drawn from the few lines in the Bible, the Jewish historian, Josephus, the Ethiopian history of its kings (Kebra Negast), the Qur’an, and from the Arab historian Ibn Ishaq, from which al Tabari gathered his information.
In both Yemen and Ethiopia there are numerous legends, some of which appear to be rather bizarre until one begins to peel away the fantasies to find the kernel of truth they undoubtedly hold. It is by putting together these legends with the factual information available and the customs of the people that I have attempted to discover this fascinating queen’s story.
For instance, the Hoopoe bird mentioned in the Qur’an that carried messages back and forth from Marib to Jerusalem, must have been the nickname of a trader. Also in the Qur’an we are told that the queen worshiped idols, used the power of Jinns (demons) to work magic, and had her palace at Marib in Yemen.
From the Arab historian Tabari, we are told that she was thought by Solomon to have the feet of a donkey, that she married Solomon and was converted to his faith. It is from Arab legends that we also are told of the white Arabian horse named Zad el-Rukab that the queen brought as a gift to Solomon.
The Ethiopian legends found in the Kebra Negast give us more information. Tamrin is mentioned as a trader-emissary for the queen, and the guide for her caravan, which boasted seven hundred ninety-seven camels plus countless asses and mules all ladened with gifts. We are given the added bit of information that she stayed six months in Jerusalem.
It is from the Ethiopian legends that we learn how Solomon put the queen’s bed in his room, ordered her food heavily salted, so he could claim her when she drank his water. We are also told in these legends that he gave the queen a ring for the son that would be born from their union and about the son’s journey back to Jerusalem on a visit to his father.
We are told just where the son was born in Ethiopia and how the city of Axum on the coast was built as the queen’s new capitol.
The references to the Egyptian princess and the worship of the cat god Bastet are based on Egyptian history. Shoshenk, the pharaoh during Solomon’s reign was the first king of the 22nd dynasty. He belonged to a Libyan family. Their capitol was at Bubastis, in the Delta, and the cat god, Bastet, was the object of their worship. They had temples built to this god and all cats were sacred. The princess from Egypt who married Solomon would have been from this family and this part of Egypt.
The information dealing with Bilqis’s long journey from Marib in Yemen to Jerusalem was gleaned from various sources plus my own travels in the Sinai. I have ridden through the narrow Siq leading into the fortress of Petra and have climbed the steps to the High altar. This altar, minus the golden platform, looks just as it must have looked centuries ago. The steps are still there winding up the face of the cliff and ending at the pinnacle of rock from which the altar was fashioned. Sheep and bullocks were the usual offerings, but in times of extreme crisis or when favors were requested of the gods, children or captives taken in battle were sacrificed.
Living in Yemen and visiting Ethiopia often, I was able to explore the new discoveries made by archaeologists at both Marib in Yemen and Axum in Ethiopia. I have seen the pillars of Bilqis�
�s temple to the moon god Ilumquh, which now lies half buried in drifting sand. I have studied the layout of her city with its lovely palace and have walked on the impressive ruins of her dam. I have run my hand over the remains of an alabaster bull’s head that to her would have been the earthly embodiment of the moon god she worshiped.
Most exciting of all, I came upon the remains of an alabaster throne in the Sanaa museum. There were only the armrests and the two front legs. Upon examining it closely, I discovered the legs terminated in the very realistic hooves of a bull. For me, the legend of the queen having the feet of a donkey suddenly became understandable. With long robes covering her feet, it is entirely possible that visitors might see only the hooves and imagined them to be her feet.
Bilqis began to take shape as I pieced together the bits of legend, studied the culture, and retraced her steps wherever possible. She was no longer a remote personage in a history book but a vital, intriguing woman who begged to have her story told.
Bilqis
It was the annual dry season and the first of the caravans had arrived in Jerusalem from the south. On hearing the news, Solomon with his son and a few of his friends retired to the more casual, tentlike quarters built on the roof of his new palace. This was an ideal place to view the varied assortment of bobbles and oddities with some real treasures brought from distant lands.
The traders would go on to Hazor and then Damascus, where they sold most of their wares, but in Jerusalem they had always found Solomon to be one of their best customers. He knew quality and was not reluctant to pay high prices for an item he happened to like. However, now that his ships had made a successful trip down the Red Sea to Punt, the traders were afraid he would no longer buy from them.
Old Badget, sometimes called “Hopoe” in jest, was the leader of this particular caravan. He was a Jew from Jericho who was known for his cunning and astute bargaining ability; more than that he seemed to have a penchant for finding real treasures.
When the king was finally seated on the golden pedestal with his newly acquired monkey perched on the armrest, Badget nodded to his men. “You see,” Badget said, craftily keeping his eye on the king and waving his hand over the assortment that began to be piled on the plush red carpet, “I have brought you the best. You and your men shall have first choice.”
Dust billowed from the trader’s coarsely woven cloak as he quickly picked up first one unique treasure and then another for the king’s approval. He had gained the name of Hopoe from just such bobbing up and down. It was true, he did resemble the bird in many ways and never more than when he was eagerly trying to find just that special buy that would interest his customers.
The king was his major challenge. He had such exquisite taste. He liked only the best. Any bit of shoddy workmanship or flaw was easily spotted and the piece discarded. Badget held his breath as the king’s eyes traveled over the rich assortment and rested on a small box of ebony. Quickly old Badget pulled it from the pile. He blew the dust from it. Then he polished it with the end of his cloak before handing it to the king.
The king shook his head but passed it to the sallow-faced, rather bored young man on his right. “Here, my son,” he said, “This is what our ships will bring us and we’ll no longer be at the mercy of such pirates as old Hopoe here.”
“My lord,” Badget protested, “it’s more than the ships you’ll need. Not everyone can recognize a treasure.”
Solomon laughed. He loved the wit of this man. In fact, he had learned much from just such men as Badget. They had drawn maps of the trade routes, pointed out the unique treasures of each country, and brought back the gossip of other kings and kingdoms.
“There, that polished horn,” Solomon said, suddenly pointing to where the monkey had obviously spotted the gold band on the object and was struggling to get it lose.
Badget had known the king would be interested in this piece, and so he had carefully placed it where just the tip and glitter of the gold band could be seen. He took it from the monkey and handed it to the king then stood back, his feet planted wide apart, arms folded, and a gleam of triumph on his face. He was not disappointed.
The king’s jeweled hands traveled over the smooth sides of the horn as he bent to look more closely at the decoration on its two gold bands. “I have seldom seen such delicate work. Is there a base?”
“No, my lord,” Badget said. “It was made for a rich man who would always have a servant standing by to hold it.”
“Where is this rich man who can commission such a cup?” the king demanded.
“Unfortunately the cup was never called for. The man who had ordered it died quite suddenly. I arrived at just the right time and was able to buy it.”
“But who was the man? A craftsman works, but usually to the design of his master.”
“He was a great king. He loved fine things as much as yourself.”
“But, my wily Hopoe, who was this man?”
“Why, my lord, he was the king of Sheba.”
“You are right. The king of Sheba is dead, and I hear that his youngest daughter now rules.”
“He had no sons to inherit his throne.”
“With such a rich country it won’t be long until it is quickly swallowed by some of those vultures that live on either side.”
“Maybe not. Bilqis, the old king’s daughter, is as strong as any man, or so the gossip goes.”
“How can a young girl hope to hold the throne of a rich country like Sheba? It’s foolishness. I can’t believe it’s true.” The king was definitely interested, and Badget loved to lead him on with a good story.
“My lord,” Badget said, rolling his eyes, “you have never seen a woman like this. Before the old king’s body was moved from his bed, one of his counselors seized the crown and had himself proclaimed king. But within the year the army with Bilqis at its head stormed the palace and slew the usurper. Then, without wasting time, she took the crown, placed it on her own head and had the priests formally recognize her as queen on the portico of the great temple of Ilumquh.”
“It’s easy to put the crown on one’s own head, but to keep it there is another thing.” Solomon put the horn cup down beside him on the cushions and the monkey immediately started examining it. “See? My new pet has the taste of a king,” he said laughing.
Badget chuckled and then returned to the discussion of Sheba’s queen. “She’s held the throne for three years now and everyone’s pressing her to marry. Her uncle’s son has first right. He’s an ambitious fellow who would aim to marry her just to get her throne. His father’s behind it all. She’s a brave one. They won’t outsmart her if she has a chance.”
“She may be more foolish than brave,” Solomon observed.
“My lord,” Badget leaned over and spoke in a confidential tone as though his words were meant for the king alone, “she’s proven her bravery. Before becoming queen she took the virgin’s place and rode in the Markab right into battle with the troops. It was a sight to see. The camel decorated with gold and jewels while she sat tall and proud with the side curtains pulled back and her hair black as a raven’s wing and full …”
“I’ve heard of this custom. The Markab is like our Ark, only instead of tablets of stone and the ten commandments, it’s one of their fairest maidens that rides in it. They say a whole army will die before they let the enemy capture their Markab. I would say it does take bravery. So she is brave? Is she also beautiful?”
Here Badget drew back and seemed to fidget with the hilt of the short dagger he wore in his belt. “My lord,” he said, “it is not proper to carry tales, and if I hadn’t seen it myself …”
Solomon knew that the old scoundrel was eager to tell any news, but lest he offend he had to play the role of being reluctant. It was this very kind of news Solomon liked best. Smiling, he looked around at his men to see that they also were intrigued. “Come, come Badget,” he said. “Let’s hear the scandal. It must be bad to have an old harpie like you hesitating.”
; “My lord, the woman is beautiful beyond anything I have ever seen, but she has one terrible flaw that spoils everything.” Here again he paused as though dreading to tell what he knew.
“Come, come, we’re waiting to hear it,” Solomon urged while his son Rehoboam and the other men insistently joined in.
Badget, being a salesman first and a storyteller second, held up his hands for quiet. “First let me serve you. What do you wish to buy. When you have bought what you want, then I’ll tell you of the flaw.”
Knowing Badget, Solomon quickly declared his choice. “I’ll take this goblet of horn. I’m sure there’ll never be another quite like it.”
Once the king had made his choice and declared that was all he wanted, the others quickly picked out items, and within the hour, Badget was waving to his men to pack up all that was left.
“Now, the Hopoe will tell us of the flaw in the beautiful new queen of Sheba.” Solomon was absentmindedly twirling the glowing horn in his right hand and holding the monkey with his left so he couldn’t reach it. Badget came and knelt before the king. “It’s late, my lord, my camels are waiting at the Fountain Gate.”
“Then tell it quickly.” There was a note of impatience in the king’s voice, and Badget was not one to trifle with such a tone.
“If I had not seen it with my own eyes, my lord …”
“Yes, yes, we have heard that before. What did you see, Badget?”
“My lord, I am just a poor merchant. I was brought before the queen because they said I had slipped by the guards without paying the usual tribute …”
“We don’t need to hear all the details of how you saw the queen. I’m sure you would be one to slip by without paying tribute if you could. What is the flaw?”
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