by Jane Brox
"As usual New Yorkers": Rosenthal, "The Plugged-in Society," p. 12.
[>] "The more efficient": Wolfgang Schivelbush, quoted in David E.
Nye, Technology Matters: Questions to Live With (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2007), p. 163.
"It was a beautiful": Quoted in Paul L. Montgomery, "The Stricken City," in The Night the Lights Went Out, pp. 37–38.
241 "We still knew nothing": "The Talk of the Town," November 20, 1965, p. 44.
"as if the darkness": Ibid., p. 43.
"the men, working without": Montgomery, "The Stricken City," p. 44.
"Two matches, carefully tended": "The Talk of the Town," November 20, 1965, p. 45.
[>] "The moonlight lay": Ibid., p. 46.
[>] "The turbine generators": William E. Farrell, "The Morning After," in The Night the Lights Went Out, p. 66.
"Unfortunately many": Gordon D. Friedlander, "The Northeast Power Failure—a Blanket of Darkness," IEEE Spectrum, February 1966, p. 66.
[>] "As power became available": Report to the President by the Federal Power Commission on the Power Failure in the Northeastern United States and the Province of Ontario on November 9–10, 1965, December 6, 1965, p. 29, http://www.blackout.gmu.edu/archive/pdf/fpc_65.pdf. "New York Cancelled": Bernard Weinraub, "From Abroad: Smiles, Sneers, and Disbelief," in The Night the Lights Went Out, p. 119.
"Ralph Morse, who had": George P. Hunt, "Trapped in a Skyscraper," Life, November 19, 1965, p. 3.
[>] "Everybody recognizes everybody": Farrell, "The Morning After," p. 65.
The subsequent Federal Power: Report to the President, pp. 43–45.
[>] "We are in much worse": "The Talk of the Town: Notes and Comment," The New Yorker, August 15, 1977, p. 15.
"The end came": Russell Baker, quoted in Bernard Weinraub, "Bewitched and Bewildered," in The Night the Lights Went Out, pp. 124–25.
CHAPTER 18: IMAGINING THE NEXT GRID
[>] "Regard the light": Dan Flavin, "'...in Daylight or Cool White': An Autobiographical Sketch," Artforum, December 1965, p. 24.
251 "Permanence just defies": "Dan Flavin Interviewed by Tiffany Bell, July 13, 1982," in Dan Flavin: The Complete Lights, 1961–1996, ed. Michael Govan and Tiffany Bell (New Haven, CT: Dia Art Foundation / Yale University Press, 2004), p. 199.
"Oil had become": Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), p. 588.
[>] "It's very sad": Quoted in "The Talk of the Town: Other Lights," The New Yorker, December 10, 1973, p. 40.
[>] "This winter as the nation": Jonathan Schell, "The Talk of the Town: Notes and Comment," The New Yorker, December 10, 1973, p. 37.
"Night's coming was": Baron Wormser, The Road Washes Out in Spring: A Poet's Memoir of Living Off the Grid (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2006), p. 9.
"A few guests": Ibid., p. 11.
[>] "Light did not materialize": Ibid., p. 10.
"We simply must balance": Jimmy Carter, speech, April 18, 1977, "Primary Sources: The President's Proposed Energy Policy," American Experience, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/filmmore/ps_energy.html (accessed May 2, 2008).
[>] "We're working to create": Jeffrey Skilling, quoted in Steven Johnson, "New New Power Business: Inside 'Energy Alley,'" Frontline, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/blackout/traders/inside.html (accessed December 2, 2008).
[>] "You probably couldn't": Jeffrey Skilling, quoted in Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind, The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron (New York: Penguin Books, 2004), p. 281.
"You know what": Ibid.
"They should just": Quoted in "Enron Trader Conversations: 'Pow-erex and Bonneville...,'" Ex. SNO—224, pp. 5–6, Seattle Times, February 4, 2005, http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2001945474_webenronaudio02.html (accessed September 27, 2009).
[>] "I used contemporary": Steven Watt, conversation with the author, October 2008.
"the most significant": U.S. Department of Energy, The Smart Grid: An Introduction (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, n.d.), p. 5.
261 "Imagine all the south-facing": Bill McKibben, Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future (New York: Times Books, 2007), p. 145.
[>] "Energy is at the core": Richard E. Smalley, testimony to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, Hearing on Sustainable, Low Emission, Electricity Generation, April 27, 2004, http://www.energybulletin.net/note/249 (accessed October 18, 2008).
[>] "From about 1990": Brian Bowers, Lengthening the Day: A History of Lighting Technology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 190.
[>] "It took me almost": Gavin Hudson, "Korea Shines for Compact Fluorescent Use," EcoWorldly, January 9, 2008, http://ecoworldly.com/2008/01/09/brilliant-asia-cfls-are-turning-korea-on (accessed March 11, 2009).
"You wake up": Quoted in "Making the Switch (or Not)," New York Times, January 10, 2008, p. D6.
"No, the light quality": Ibid.
[>] "Do not use": "What If I Accidentally Break a Fluorescent Lamp in My House?" Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Remediation and Waste Management, http://www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/homeowner/cflbreakcleanup.htm (accessed April 11, 2009).
[>] "The candle does not": Gaston Bachelard, The Flame of a Candle, trans. Joni Caldwell (Dallas: Dallas Institute Publications, 1988), p. 37.
[>] "The candle will burn out": Ibid.
"the unique combination": "Reproduction Light Bulbs," Rejuvenation: Classic American Lighting & House Parts, http://www.rejuvenation.com/templates/collection.phtml?accessories=Reproduction%20Bulbs (accessed May 3, 2009).
CHAPTER 19: AT THE MERCY OF LIGHT
[>] "I wanted to investigate": Michel Siffre, Beyond Time: The Heroic Adventure of a Scientist's 63 Days Spent in Darkness and Solitude in a Cave 375 Feet Underground, ed. and trans. Herma Briffault (London: Chatto & Windus, 1965), p. 25.
"This morning I was": Ibid., pp. 154–55.
271 "I emerged": Michel Siffre, "Six Months Alone in a Cave," National Geographic, March 1975, p. 428.
"Forty-second awakening": Siffre, Beyond Time, pp. 166, 181–82. "I underestimated": Ibid., pp. 222, 225.
[>] "meaning that most": Warren E. Leary, "Feeling Tired and Run Down? It Could Be the Lights," New York Times, February 8, 1996, http://www.nytimes.com (accessed August 9, 2007).
"Every time we turn on": Dr. Charles Czeisler, quoted ibid.
[>] Divided sleep: See A. Roger Ekirch, "Sleep We Have Lost: Preindustrial Slumber in the British Isles," American Historical Review 106, no. 2 (April 2001), http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/106.2/ahooo343.html (accessed July 4, 2007).
[>] "There is one stirring": Robert Louis Stevenson, "A Night Among the Pines," in "Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes" and "The Amateur Emigrant" (London: Penguin Books, 2004), pp. 56–57.
"slept only about an hour": Natalie Angier, "Modern Life Suppresses an Ancient Body Rhythm," New York Times, March 14, 1995, http://www.nytimes.com (accessed August 9, 2007).
[>] "We think Thomas Edison": Czeisler, quoted in Leary, "Feeling Tired and Run Down?"
"Everything which decreases": "Edison's Prophesy: A Duplex, Sleepless, Dinnerless World," Literary Digest, November 14, 1914, p. 966.
[>] "Offshore hydrocarbon platforms": William A. Montevecchi, "Influences of Artificial Light on Marine Birds," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, ed. Catherine Rich and Travis Longcore (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2006), p. 100.
"Many nocturnal species": Paul Beier, "Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Terrestrial Mammals," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, pp. 32–33.
[>] "exploring new habitat": Ibid., p. 34.
[>] "on misty and foggy": Sidney A. Gauthreaux Jr. and Carroll G. Belser, "Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Migrating Birds," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, p. 77.
"The habit of feeding": Jens Ry
dell, "Bats and Their Insect Prey at Streetlights," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, p. 43.
[>] "humans are changing": Bryant W. Buchanan, "Observed and Potential Effects of Artificial Lighting on Anuran Amphibians," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, p. 215. "as they have fallen": David Ehrenfeld, "Night, Tortuguero," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, p. 138.
281 "A light break": Winslow R. Briggs, "Physiology of Plant Responses to Artificial Lighting," in Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting, p. 401.
"the thousands of little": Michael Pollak, "'Towers of Light' Awe," New York Times, October 10, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com (accessed October 13, 2008).
"Some people thought": Ibid.
CHAPTER 20: MORE IS LESS
[>] "At the second match": Robert Louis Stevenson, "Upper Gévaudan," in "Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes" and "The Amateur Emigrant" (London: Penguin Books, 2004), p. 30.
"One night I went": Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, letter 499, in The Complete Letters of Vincent van Gogh, vol. 2 (Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1959), p. 589.
[>] "has overpopulated": Charles Whitney, "The Skies of Vincent van Gogh," Art History 9, no. 3 (September 1986): 353.
"I should be desperate": Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, letter 418, in The Complete Letters of Vincent Van Gogh, vol. 2, p. 401.
[>] "brilliant with its own": Ovid, Metamorphoses, quoted in Bart J. Bok and Priscilla F. Bok, The Milky Way (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981), p. 1.
"emergency organizations": Terence Dickinson, NightWatch: A Practical Guide to Viewing the Universe (Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books, 1998), p. 47.
[>] "About one-tenth": P. Cinzano, F. Falchi, and C. D. Elvidge, The First World Atlas of the Artificial Night Sky Brightness, abstract, p. 1, http://www.inquinamentoluminoso.it/cinzano/download/0108052.pdf (accessed June 8, 2009).
"Surely it is": Galileo Galilei, The Starry Messenger, p. 1, http://www.bard.edu/admission/forms/pdfs/galileo.pdf (accessed June 8, 2009).
"Here we have": Ibid., p. 14.
"is not robed": Ibid., p. 1.
286 "With the aid": Ibid., p. 10.
"Many astronomers thought": Ronald Florence, The Perfect Machine: Building the Palomar Telescope (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), p. 106.
[>] "The 200-inch": Edwin Hubble, quoted ibid., p. 395.
"Astronomy is an incremental": Florence, The Perfect Machine, p. 404.
"It's like I'm looking": Quoted in Mari N. Jensen, "Light Pollution in Tucson," Tucson Citizen, August 21, 2001, http://www-kpno.kpno.noao.edu/pics/lighting/tucsoncitizen_8_21_01light.html (accessed October 14, 2008).
[>] "When you take": Dave Kornreich, "How Does Light Pollution Affect Astronomers?" Curious About Astronomy?—Ask an Astronomer, April 1999, p. 1, http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=194 (accessed September 18, 2007).
[>] "Light traversing a path": Bob Mizon, Light Pollution: Responses and Remedies (London: Springer-Verlag, 2002), p. 34.
"the city lights": Kornreich, "How Does Light Pollution Affect Astronomers?" p. 2.
[>] "is equivalent to": Richard Preston, First Light: The Search for the Edge of the Universe (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987), p. 24.
[>] "Then Humankind was born": Ovid, Metamorphoses, trans. A. S. Kline, 1.68–88, http://etext.virginia.edu/latin/ovid/trans/Metamorph.htm (accessed June 29, 2009).
CHAPTER 21: THE ONCE AND FUTURE LIGHT
[>] "The spiritual instant": Henri Focillon, The Life of Forms in Art, trans. Charles Beecher Hogan and George Kubler (New York: Zone Books, 1992), p. 152.
[>] "The Home Office": Bob Mizon, Light Pollution: Responses and Remedies (London: Springer-Verlag, 2002), p. 61.
"a car storage area": Ibid.
How complex the relation: For information on the study of Chicago's alleyways, see The Chicago Alley Lighting Project: Final Evaluation Report, April 2000, http://www.icjia.state.il.us/public/pdf/ResearchReports (accessed June 8, 2009).
295 "Yes, my tent became": Michel Siffre, Beyond Time: The Heroic Adventure of a Scientist's 63 Days Spent in Darkness and Solitude in a Cave 375 Feet Underground, ed. and trans. Herma Briffault (London: Chatto & Windus, 1965), pp. 99–100.
[>] "A growing number": "Sustainability, Urban Planning, and What They Mean to Dark Skies," Newsletter of the International Dark-Sky Association, http://www.darksky.org/news/newsletters/60-69/nl66_fea.html (accessed May 23, 2007).
[>] "a new city of light": Hollister Noble, "New York's Crown of Light," New York Times, February 8, 1925, p. SM2.
[>] "The tall tower": Ken Belson, "Efficiency's Mark: City Glitters a Little Less," New York Times, November 2, 2008, http://www.nytimes.com (accessed March 11, 2009).
[>] "Unfortunately most of today's": John E. Bortle, "Introducing the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale," Sky & Telescope, February 2001, p. 126.
[>] "There's a good part": Quoted in Dave Caldwell, "Dark Sky, Bright Lights," New York Times, September 14, 2007, p. F10.
[>] "When my mother": Alhassan Sillah, "Fuel for Thought in Guinea," BBC News, http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/h (accessed March 14, 2009).
"I hardly ever": Ibid.
"I used to study": Rukmini Callimachi, "Kids in Guinea Study Under Airport Lamps," Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/19 (accessed March 14, 2009).
[>] "Working in the so-called": Sheila Kennedy, quoted in "Light unto the Developing World," Miller-McCune Magazine, http://www.miller-mccune.com/article/light-unto-the-developing-world (accessed December 13, 2008).
"Instead of a centralized": Kennedy, quoted in "Energizing the Household Curtain," JumpIntoTomorrow.com, http://www.jumpintotomorrow.com/template/index/php?tech=82 (accessed December 14, 2008).
EPILOGUE
[>] For further information on ways to reduce light pollution, see International Dark-Sky Association, http://www.darksky.org, and Fatal Light Awareness Program (FLAP), http://www.flap.org.
Index