by Greg King
28. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of October 28, 1914 (OS), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 406; Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of January 5, 1916 (OS), at www.alexanderpalace.org; Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of August 16, 1916 (OS), at www.alexanderpalace.org.
29. Vorres, 110.
30. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 296.
31. Vyrubova, 46.
32. Fromenko, 15; Vyrubova, 48.
33. See King, The Court of the Last Tsar, 276–277; Spiridovich, 1:193.
34. Grabbe and Grabbe, 57.
35. Grabbe and Grabbe, 105–107; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 119–120; Vyrubova, 18; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 71–74.
36. Nicholas II to Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna, letter of October 20, 1912, in Bing, 275.
37. Vyrubova, 91.
38. Ibid., 92.
39. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 29; Vyrubova, 93.
40. Naryshkin-Kuryakina, 196.
41. Vyrubova, 93.
42. Prince Sigismund of Prussia, affidavit, July 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113.
43. See Duff, 289.
44. Naryshkin-Kuryakina, 196.
45. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 29.
46. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 29–31; Vyrubova, 93.
47. Vyrubova, 94.
48. Vorres, 130.
49. Spiridovich, 2:234–235; Dzhunkovsky, 2:195–199; Kokovtsov, 169.
3 Into the Abyss
1. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 185; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 105–106.
2. Marie Pavlovna, Education, 162.
3. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 191–192.
4. See Alexandra Feodorovna to Nicholas II, letter of October 21, 1914, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 1065.
5. Dassel, 10–14, 38–39; Marie Nikolaievna, diary entry of December 31, 1916, in Zvereva and Zverev, 238–240.
6. Dassel, 10–15, 36–37; Dassel, affidavit of April 19, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 130–131; I. V. Stepanov, in Zvereva and Zverev, 303–304.
7. I. V. Stepanov, in Zvereva and Zverev, 303–304.
8. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of September 4, 1915 (OS), in Zvereva and Zverev, 130.
9. Protocol of the Duke of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel and Otto Bornemann, September 19, 1927, Ian Lilburn Collection; Dassel, 28–29; Dassel, testimony of April 24, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 352–366; Tatiana Botkin, affidavit, May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127.
10. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of October 28, 1914 (OS), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 406.
11. Spiridovich, vol. 2, chap. 18, translated and provided by Rob Moshein.
12. See Nicholas II, diary entry of June 5/18, 1915, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 259; Timms, 122, item no. 164.
13. Letter from Vassili Koliubakin to Peter Kondzerovski, August 21, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 118–119.
14. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of September 4, 1915 (OS), in Zvereva and Zverev, 130.
15. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 166; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 220.
16. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 221.
17. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 166.
18. Vorres, 138.
19. Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, diary entry of March 15, 1910 (OS), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 331.
20. See Fuhrmann, 84–92, for details; Maylunas and Mironenko, 331.
21. Alexandra Feodorovna to Nicholas II, letter of December 19, 1916, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 1150.
22. In Maylunas and Mironenko, 507.
23. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 247; Benckendorff, 42; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 209–211; Vyrubova, 204–205; Dehn, 159–160.
24. Dehn, 151–152.
25. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 254; Benckendorff, 6–9; Dehn, 156.
26. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 254; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 212; Dehn, 156; Vyrubova, 206–207.
27. Dehn, 158.
28. Ibid.
29. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 215–216; Dehn, 151–152.
30. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 186; Benckendorff, 33.
31. Vyrubova, 218.
32. Benckendorff, 33; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 284.
33. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 284.
34. Benckendorff, 78–79.
35. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 297–299; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 228–230.
36. Benckendorff, 71; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 297–299; Vyrubova, 212–213.
37. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 299; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 229.
38. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 231–232.
39. Pierre Gilliard, diary entry of June 24, 1917, in Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 232–233; Benckendorff, 86–87; Nicholas II, diary entry of June 10/23, 1917, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 265.
40. Botkin, Au Temps des Tsars, 66.
41. Anastasia Nikolaievna, letter of August 17, 1917, in Trewin, 75.
42. Bulygin and Kerensky, 130.
43. See King and Wilson, 49–50.
44. Ibid., 70.
45. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 311–312.
46. Olga Nikolaievna to Anna Vyrubova, letter of December 10, 1917, in Vyrubova, 308.
47. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 240.
48. Gilliard, statement of March 5, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.
49. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 29.
50. Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31.
51. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 240–242.
52. Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31.
53. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 244–245.
54. Vyrubova, 309.
55. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 316.
56. Gleb Botkin, affidavit, July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 160, 266–267; Botkin, Lost Tales, vii.
57. Alexandra Feodorovna to Anna Vyrubova, letter of December 15, 1917, in Vyrubova, 316.
58. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55; Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31.
59. Trewin, 82–83.
60. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 254.
61. Ibid., 255; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 322–333.
62. Gilliard, statement of March 5, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.
63. Botkin, Au Temps des Tsars, 111.
4 “How Little I Suspected I Was Never to See Them Again”
1. Volkov, 122.
2. See King and Wilson, 80–99.
3. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Marie Nikolaievna, letter of May 7, 1918, in Maylunas and Mironenko, 619–620.
4. Bulygin and Kerensky, 232.
5. Alexandra Tegleva, in Sokolov, 105; also letter from Minister of Justice Starynkevich to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Executive Board, Omsk, February 19, 1919, original in authors’ possession, quoted in King and Wilson, 136.
6. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 264–265; Sokolov, 109.
7. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 336; Alexandra Tegleva, deposition of July 5–6, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 36.
8. Volkov, 123–125.
9. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 107–108; Gleb Botkin, affidavit, July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.
10. Nicholas II, diary entry of May 23, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.
11. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, 73–75.
12. Bykov, 74; Kobylinsky, testimony of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 29; Charles Sidney Gibbes, testimony of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31; Volkov, 126; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 336.
13. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 269–270.
14. Anatoly Yakimov, statement of May 7–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18; statement of Paul Medvedev, February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86; see also King and Wilson, 105 passim.
15. Nicholas II, diary entry of May 23, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.
16. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of May 27, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326.
17. Charles Sidney Gibbes, testimony of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31; Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86; Alexander Nametkin, “Protocol of the Inspection of the Upper Floor of the Ipatiev House,” August 2–3 and 6–8, 1918, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 27; Trewin, 148; Nicholas II, diary entry of May 23, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.
18. Telberg and Wilton, 212.
19. Ibid., 295.
20. See King and Wilson, chap. 5.
21. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 282.
22. Gilliard, statement of March 5, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.
23. Telberg and Wilton, 295.
24. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.
25. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55; Sokolov, Enquete, 130.
26. Telberg and Wilton, 296.
27. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.
28. Telberg and Wilton, 295.
29. See King and Wilson, chap. 5.
30. Alexander Nametkin, “Protocol of the Inspection of the Upper Floor of the Ipatiev House,” August 2–3 and 6–8, 1918, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 27; Ivan Sergeyev, statement on inspection of the Ipatiev House, August 11–14, 1918, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 1, doc. 19; Nicholas Sokolov, statement on inspection of the Ipatiev House, April 15–25, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 42.
31. Philip Proskuryakov, testimony of April 1–3, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 17; Avdayev, 202–203.
32. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of June 18, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326; Yakov Yurovsky, “Memoirs,” 1922, in APRF, F. 3, Op. 58, D. 280; Avdayev, 202.
33. Avdayev, 202.
34. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of June 18, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326.
35. Yurovsky, “Memoirs,” 1922, in APRF, F. 3, Op. 58, D. 280.
36. Alexander Strekotin, in Speranski, 56.
37. Ibid.
38. See King and Wilson, 222 passim.
39. Nicholas II, diary entry of June 25–26, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266; Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of June 26, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op.1, D. 326.
40. Nicholas II, diary entry of June 26, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.
41. See King and Wilson, 251 passim.
42. Yurovsky, “Memoirs,” 1922, in APRF, F. 3, Op. 58, D. 280.
43. Father Ioann Vladimirovich Storozhev, in Sokolov, 124–126.
44. Sokolov, 127.
45. Maria Starodumova, statement of November 11, 1918, in Sokolov, 128.
46. Speranski, 118–122.
47. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of July 16, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326.
48. Sokolov, 138.
49. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of July 16, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326.
50. Preston, 102.
51. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.
52. Telberg and Wilton, 306; Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.
53. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18; Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86; Telberg and Wilton, 309.
54. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.
55. Philip Proskuryakov, testimony of April 1–3, 1919, in Telberg and Wilton, 154.
56. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.
57. Telberg and Wilton, 310.
58. Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86.
59. Telberg and Wilton, 310.
60. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.
61. Telberg and Wilton, 310.
62. Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86.
63. Telberg and Wilton, 347–349.
64. Ibid., 349.
65. Ibid., 343.
66. See the Times, London, February 18, 1919.
67. Telberg and Wilton, 327.
68. See Gilliard and Savitch, 24.
69. See Summers and Mangold, 190.
70. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 299–300.
71. See Summers and Mangold, 320 passim.
72. Benckendorff, 132.
73. Ibid., 140 and 147.
74. Dehn, 238.
75. Vyrubova, 344.
76. King George V, diary entry of July 25, 1918, in Rose, 216.
77. Queen Marie of Romania to Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, letter of September 19, 1918, in Hall and Van Der Kiste, 137.
78. Alexander Mikhailovich, Always a Grand Duke, 7–8.
79. Hall, Little Mother, 342; Alexander Mikhailovich, Always a Grand Duke, 212; Marie Pavlovna, Princess in Exile, 102.
80. Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, to Eleonore, grand duchess of Hesse, letter of August 13, 1918, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
81. See Vickers, 140–143.
82. Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
83. Hough, 326.
84. Summers and Mangold, 196.
5 Resurrection
1. Davis, 19.
2. Blucher, 24.
3. Rosenberg, 90.
4. Blucher, 100.
5. Blucher, 122–127, 136; Davis, 24, 165, and chap. 3.
6. Blucher, 102, 162.
7. Ibid., 256.
8. Ibid., 287.
9. Gill, Dance, 57.
10. Friedrich, 82–83.
11. Kurth, 15; Friedrich, 82 passim.
12. Marie Pavlovna, Princess in Exile, 131.
13. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89.
14. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 16, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII/5144–5151; Berliner Nachtausgabe, Berlin, April 11, 1927; Nicholas von Schwabe, affidavit, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534.
15. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89.
16. Statement of Dr. Theodor Eitel, December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.
17. Undated notes by Rathlef-Keilmann, quoted in Kurth, 3.
18. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89; Nicholas von Schwabe, affidavit, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534.
19. Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 30.
20. Auclères, 33.
21. Notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, quoted in Kurth, 7; Bonhoeffer Report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; National Tidende, Copenhagen, January 16, 1926; Konigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung, no. 110, March 7, 1927.
22. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.
23. Notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, quoted in Kurth, 6; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.
24. New York Times, February 14, 1928.
25. Rathlef-Keilmann, 41.
26. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, J
une 30, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann Notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.
27. Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138.
28. Horan, 137.
29. These medical reports are delineated in “Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,” pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln.
30. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, and his own report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.
31. Dr. Lothar Nobel, statement, March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.
32. Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.
33. Opinion concerning Frau Anna Tchaikovsky, Hans Willige, November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 328–330, and XII, 1985–1994.
34. Dr. Lothar Nobel, statement, March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.
35. Dr. Serge Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Horan, 133; Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Kurth, 8; Gilliard and Savitch, 36.
36. Kurth, 85; Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; opinion concerning Frau Anna Tchaikovsky, Hans Willige, November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 328–330 and XII, 1985–1994.
37. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in his report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.
38. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting the Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report, in his report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.
39. Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, and XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Friedrich Reiche, affidavit of July 19, 1929, in Hamburg, XX, 3781–3783; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.