by Greg King
46. F. van der Hoeven, statement of October 3, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 78-80; Vorres, 176.
47. See Auclères in Le Figaro, February 5, 1965, and Le Figaro, September 24, 1969; Kurth, 330–331.
48. Kurth, 331.
49. See, for example, Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of November 21, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.
50. Rathlef-Keilmann, 111.
51. Ibid., 157.
52. See statement of Dr. Serge Kastritsky, February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, X, 1868; Grey, 190.
53. Auclères, 130.
54. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.
55. Report of Dr. Volker Kruger, January 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4294–4312. These plaster casts were admitted into evidence by the Hamburg High Court and are now in the court records holdings in the Staatsarchiv, Hamburg. They can be seen in the 1995 German documentary Anastasia: Zarentochter oder Hochstaplerin? (Anastasia: Tsar’s Daughter or Imposter?) by Maurice Philip Remy, an MPR Film und Fernsen Produktion GmbH, in cooperation with NDR Norddeutscher Rundfunk, 1995.
56. Professor Marc Bischoff, Report on the Tchaikovsky Matter, March 9, 1927, in Gillaird and Savitch, 153–157, and in Hamburg, Kurzbericht Archiv fur Kriminologie Band 88 S., 138–141; also Bischoff study, March 9, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 207 loose.
57. Gilliard and Savitch, 159–161.
58. Rathlef-Keilmann, 173–174; In “Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,” pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 53; and Rathlef-Keilmann articles in Tägliche Rundschau, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.
59. Gilliard and Savitch, 142.
60. Ibid.
61. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.
62. Gilliard and Savitch, 78.
63. Sergeant Riesling, Report on Comparison of Ears in the Matter of the Identity of Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia, Darmstadt, April 26, 1927, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 164–165, and submitted to Hamburg, in Hamburg, XXIV, 6438–6442.
64. “Study M” by Professor Dr. V. Müller-Hess and Professor Dr. F. Curtius, March 2, 1940, in Hamburg, XIII, 2104–2126.
65. “Study F,” report of Dr. Eugen Fischer, June 10, 1941, in Hamburg, XIII, 2175–2203.
66. “Study C,” Professor Dr. Karl Clauberg, report of December 29, 1955, in Hamburg, XIII, 2231–2256; also additional report and photo analysis submitted January 30, 1958, in Hamburg, I, 130–133.
67. Report by Eickstadt and Klenke, submitted to Hamburg, July 26, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 710a; supplemental report, August 7, 1959, by Eickstadt and Klenke, in Hamburg, IX, 1616.
68. Kurth, 314.
69. Report of Professor Otto Reche, May 12, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1648–1724. Modern critics have pointed out that Reche was a former Nazi whose discredited racial blood theories had supported the Third Reich’s anti-Semitic policies; similar charges, though, could be leveled at many of the other German experts involved in both sides of Anderson’s case. Reche’s anthropological work in Anderson’s case was unrelated to his serology work with the Nazi regime and, as with the opinions of similar colleagues who testified for and against her claim, must stand or fall on its own merits.
70. Dr. Karl Clauberg, report of May 15, 1959, in Hamburg, VI, 37–42.
71. Lucy Weiszäcker, report of August 11, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5827.
72. Maurice Delmain, study dated May 16, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 1–7; Delmain study and comments, June 5, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 598–602; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148.
73. Minna Becker, report of September 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XI, 1909–1950.
74. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 154; Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 21, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose; AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, 3, in Ian Lilburn Collection.
75. Amy Smith, testimony of December 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5397–5409.
76. Prince Dimitri Golitsyn, testimony of September 24, 1965, Hamburg, XXXVII, 6595.
77. See Colonel Dimitri von Wonlar-Larsky to Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, letter of April 19, 1949, in Hamburg, VIII, 1584–1585; Baroness Marie Pilar von Pilchau, testimony of January 20, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 299; Elisabeth, infanta of Portugal, Princess Thurn und Taxis, testimony of June 21, 1963, in Hamburg, XVIII, 3658–3660.
78. Crown Princess Cecilie of Prussia, statement of October 2, 1953, in Hamburg XXIV, 4696–4699; Prince Friedrich of Schoenaich-Carolath, testimony of January 11, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5826–5827, and testimony of November 18, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXII, 5878–5883.
79. Fritz von Unruh, testimony of April 7, 1963, in Hamburg, XX, 3932.
80. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
81. Baron Fabian von Massenbach, affidavit of April 21, 1939, in Hamburg, Bln III, 199–200; Viktoria Luise, 101.
82. “Aus Hessen Haus,” in Der Spiegel, August 2, 1961; see Kurth, 346–348; diaries of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, February 18–March 6, 1916, in Hamburg, XIX, 3735; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, letters of February 18–March 4, 1916, in Hamburg, XIX/3735; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, field postcard of March 12, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIII, 6061; diaries of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, March 5–April 2, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIII, 6063–6076; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, letters of March 5–April 7, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6399.
83. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 254.
84. The first published mention of the alleged mission came in the March 7, 1927, issue of the German newspaper Königsberger Allgemeine Zeitung, two years after Anderson made her controversial statement. It also was mentioned in two Soviet publications, Monarkhia Pered Khrushenem: Bumagi Nikolaya II I drugie dokumenti 1914–1917, Moscow/Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoye Izdatelstvo, published in 1927, and in Romanovy I germanskie vliianiia vo Vremia mirovoi voiny, Leningrad: Izdatelstvo Krasnaya Gazeta, 1929, both edited by V. P. Semennikov. It also has been alleged that a third book, supposedly published in 1921 prior to Anderson’s statement, Im Angesicht der Revolution, mentioned the alleged visit. In fact, extensive searches by Dr. Richard Davis, curator of the Russian Archive at Leeds University in Great Britain and by the University of Marburg, including comprehensive examinations of German national bibliographies, reveal that no such book was published in Germany between 1921 and 1925. Dr. Richard Davis to David Vernall-Downes, e-mail of October 11, 2008, provided to the authors by David Vernall-Downes.
85. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 281.
86. Report by Eickstadt and Klenke, July 26, 1958, in Hamburg, XIII, 2302–2344.
87. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148, 294–295.
88. Maurice Delmain, study dated May 16, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 1–7; Delmain study and comments, June 5, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 598–602; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Pri
nz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148.
89. Verdict of the Bundesgerichthof (West German Federal Supreme Court), Karlsruhe, February 17, 1970, appended to Hamburg, loose.
17 “How Shall I Tell You Who I Am?”
1. “The Case of a New Anastasia,” Life, October 18, 1963, 111–112.
2. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 5, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
3. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of October 22, 1963, in authors’ collection.
4. AA to Alexei Miliukov, February 7, 1968, in Miliukov tapes.
5. Horan, 63–63; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.
6. Le Figaro, September 21, 1967.
7. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 11, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
8. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
9. AA to Alexei Miliukov, November 21, 1965, in Miliukov tapes; AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 26, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
10. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 15, 1965, in Miliukov tapes; AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 26, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
11. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
12. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 17, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
13. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.
14. Welch, 93–94.
15. Botkin, Anastasia, 264–265.
16. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of July 12, 1963, in authors’ collection.
17. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of June 13, 1964, in authors’ collection.
18. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of June 12, 1965, in authors’ collection.
19. AA to Alexei Miliukov, April 15, 1967, in Miliukov tapes.
20. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors. The chalet is still standing in Unterlengenhardt, and it is privately occupied.
21. Horan, 160; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.
22. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 17, 1966, in Miliukov tapes.
23. Information from Patte Barham to Greg King.
24. Ibid.; Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 20, 1970; Kurth, 375.
25. Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 12, 1968.
26. Ruffin, 64–66.
27. Peter Kurth to Greg King, e-mail of July 16, 2009.
28. Ruffin, 64, 67.
29. Ibid., 68.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., 65.
32. Kurth, 379.
33. Chavchavadze, 239.
34. Horan, 141; Chavchavadze, 239.
35. Tucker, 43.
36. Lovell, 333–334.
37. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978.
38. Summers and Mangold, 198–199.
39. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978.
40. Charlottesville Daily Progress, August 30, 1978.
41. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978; Charlottesville Daily Progress, September 2, 1978.
42. Charlottesville Daily Progress, February 28, 1977.
43. In Search of . . . Anastasia, Alan Landsberg Productions, syndicated for North American television, 1976.
44. Summers and Mangold, 239.
45. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 28, 1976.
46. She gave this version to her onetime British legal representative Michael Thornton, and to author James Blair Lovell. See Michael Thornton in London Sunday Express, “Anastasia: Mystery Remains Unsolved,” May 17, 1992; Lovell, 352–355.
47. Charlottesvile Daily Progress, October 28, 1976.
48. Ibid., August 6, 1979.
49. Ibid., August 7, 1979.
50. Ibid., August 7, 1979, and June 18, 1981.
51. Rives, 34.
52. Ruffin, 66.
53. Ibid., 69.
54. Charlottesville Weekly 6, no. 21 (October 4–10, 1994): 10.
55. Kurth, 389.
56. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 13, 1976.
57. Ruffin, 73.
58. Kurth, 453, 1984 paperback version.
59. Kurth, 453–454, 1984 paperback version; Charlottesville Daily Progress, December 3, 1983.
60. Lovell, 370.
61. Lovell, 368–370; Kurth, 455, 1984 paperback version.
62. Information from James Blair Lovell to Greg King; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; London Daily Express, July 29, 1988.
63. Death certificate of Anastasia Nicholaievna Manahan, February 12, 1984, commonwealth of Virginia, certificate of death 203–256.
64. Charlottesville Daily Progress, February 15, 1984.
65. Private information to the authors; Lovell, 374.
66. Lovell, 374–375.
67. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, sworn statement of March 12, 1984, notarized by Brien Horan, chief of the Legal Section of Defense Attaché Office at the United States Embassy, Paris, France, in Ian Lilburn Collection.
68. Brien Horan to the authors.
18 The Fairy Tale Crumbles
1. Kurth, 455, 1984 paperback version.
2. Gill, Ivanov, Kimpton, Piercy, Benson, Tully, Evett, Hagelberg, and Sullivan, 130–135; P. Ivanov et al., 417–420.
3. Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009.
4. Massie, 194–197.
5. Information from James Blair Lovell to Greg King; Massie, 196.
6. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors.
7. Massie, 197; Charlottesville Daily Progress, November 16, 1993.
8. London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.
9. Marina Botkin Schweitzer, Petitioner v. Martha Jefferson Hospital, Case No. 8021, Sixteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Virginia in the city of Charlottesville, September 30, 1993.
10. Charlottesville Daily Progress, November 11, 1993; Massie, 210.
11. Charlottesville Daily Progress, June 20, 1994; London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.
12. Information from Peter Kurth to the authors; Charlottesville Daily Progress, July 30, 1993; Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009; Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.
13. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.
14. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.
15. Ibid.
16. Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009; Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009.
17. Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009; Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.
18. Ibid.
19. Kurth, 217.
20. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.
21. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors; Dietmar Wulff to Greg King, e-mail of May 10, 2001; Dr. Charles Ginther to Maurice Philip Remy, letter of September 30, 1994, quoted in Ginther, e-mail to J. A. Hubert, July 6, 2005, posted on the Alexander Palace Time Machine Discussion Forum, at www.alexanderpalace.org, July 9, 2005; Sunday Times of London, October 2, 1994.
22. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.
23. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.
19 A Girl from the Provinces
1. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 24–27.
2. Details of 1900 census, at http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortedetails/ort_borreck.htm; Willi Heidn, Die Ortschaften des Kreises Karthaus/Westpr., at www.westpreussen.de.
3. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
4. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.
5. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 70–71, 88–89, 109–113.
6. Ibid., 70–71.
7. Registry of baptism, entry 196-A, December 24, 1896, Kreis Karthaus, Sullenschin, West Prussia, District Records Office.
8. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.
9. The dro
bna szlachta or petty nobility was the lowest of three aristocratic levels in the Polish szlachta, or national nobility; the Czenstkowskis were designated as szlachta zagonowa, the fourth of eight ranks in the petty nobility, indicating that they had received land from the sovereign. Information from Massie; Brzezinski, 1:6–11; Zamoyski, 1–3; www.ka-na.org; Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap.1.
10. Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap. 1.
11. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
12. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
13. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178. As with her husband’s surname, Marianna’s maiden name has been variously rendered in official documents as “Wilzke.”
14. Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Richard Meyer, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
15. See Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70.
16. Dawson, 86–87.
17. Details of the family’s movements found in census records of 1900, 1905, and 1910, and in birth certificate of Felix Schanzkowsky, dated February 17, 1903, Glischnitz, Kreis Stolp, register entry C-1844, District Record Office; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; statement of Anna Thrun, née Kruger, May 30, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
18. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.
19. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 31–32, 49–61.
20. Davies, 189; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinksi, 19–22, 74, 99–101; Dawson, 77.