The power broker : Robert Moses and the fall of New York

by Caro, Robert A

  1013, 1155-6 forests (state preserves), 239, 288 Fort Greene Park, 373 Fort Schuyler, 305-6 Fort Stanton Battlefield, 239 Fort Tryon Park, 476, 533-4, 546, 773;

  marred by RM's West Side plans,

  535 Fortune, 385, 456, 570, 571 Franco, Francisco, 1106, 1108 Fresh Meadows project, 774 Frick, Childs, 149 Frick, Henry Clay, 149 Fried, Walter, 963-5, 983, 1046, 1058 Friedman, William H., 608, 693 Furman, George H., 189 Fusion Party, 70, 347-56, 416, 446,

  645, 654-5, 660-1, 682, 778, 782;

  and La Guardia, 355, 356, 700; and

  RM for mayor, 347-50, 352, 355,

  356, 402, 630

  Gabel, Hortense, 961, 965, 976-7, 978,

  979, 983, 1008, 1022, 1039 Gale, Percy, Jr., 881, 1017-18 Garner, John Nance, 322 Garvan, Francis P., 149, 163, 184-5,

  299 Gaus, John, 102 and «., 103, 104 Gauss, Christian, 121 Gaynor, William J., 62, 64, 65, 357 Gellhorn, Martha, 324 General Electric Company, 919 General Motors Corporation, 927 George, Henry, 350 George Washington Bridge, 329 n.,

  342, 391, 532, 541, 555, 898;

  earnings of, 926; traffic congestion

  on, 885, 912; upper deck, 900, 923,

  925, 926 Gerosa, Lawrence, 870, 871 Gerson, Simon, 471, 473, 992 Gigante, Vincent, 1045, 1053 Gilbert, Jacob H., 865 Gilchrist, John F., 137

  Gilgo Beach, 311-12, 811, 816, 1161

  Gilhooley, John J., 1127-8

  Gimbel, Bernard F., Jr., 741, 742, 809, 1109

  Gladwin, Walter H., 865

  Gleason, Gene, 1005-13, 1016-24, 1039-40, 1042, 1044-50 passim, 1052, 1057

  Glen Cove, 148, 152, 153

  Goethals, Gen. George W., 616 n.

  Goethals Bridge, 342, 924, 925, 926

  Goldstein, Jonah J., 701, 757

  Goldwater, Monroe, 603, 720 and n., 721, 724, 726, 727, 1043, 1046, 1049, 1050, 1056

  Goldwater, Dr. Sigismund S., 395-6

  Good Government organizations (Goo Goos): of city, 3, 4, 19, 61, 82, 122, 123, 127, 131, 133, 143, 331, 347, 399, 492, 519, 547-8, 567, 645-6, 654, 655, 656, 660-1, 669, 676, 680, 688, 787, 799-800; of state, 131, 134, 156; see also Fusion Party; reformers; and individual organizations

  Goul, Milton E., 710, 873

  Gove, George, 77

  Governing New York City (Sayre and Kaufman), 746, 750

  Gowanus Parkway, 6, 681, 896, 925; neighborhood decay caused by, 520-5, 749; tenant eviction for, 522; traffic congestion on, 525

  grade-crossing eliminations, 140, 265, 274, 316, 508, 531-2, 635, 708, 896; Fund for, 528-9

  Gramercy Park project, 1017, 1018, 1024

  Grand Central Parkway, 8, 341, 342, 343, 344, 388, 392-3, 515, 863, 950, 952, 1084; traffic congestion on, 516,

  913 Grand Concourse, 839-40 Graves, George B., 137, 177, 242, 266 Great Britain: civil service of, 49,

  51-5; RM consulted by planners of,

  572; public authorities in, 615 Great Kills Park, 344, 828 Great South Bay, 8, 147, 154, 158, 159,

  161, 162, 231, 237, 270, 809, 1145;

  bottoms of, 175, 204, 235-6 Green, Andrew H., 830 Green, Hetty, 812 Greene, Bob, 814-15 Greene, Col. Frederick S., 128, 140,

  257, 58i Gropius, Walter, 471 Gross, Harry, 786 Grutzner, Charlie, 1049, 1053, 1054 Guggenheim, Harry F., 763, 1158 Guggenheim, Meyer, 25 Guggenheim, Simon, 25 Guggenheim, Solomon, 233 Guggenheim family, 1157

  Vlll

  Gugler, Eric, 661

  Guinan, Matthew, 1125

  Gulick, Luther, 765

  Gull Contracting Company, 738, 1090

  Gunther, John, 445 n.

  Guthrie, William D., 438

  H

  Haddad, William J., 1021-4, 1033,

  1039-52 passim, 1063 Hadley, Arthur Twining, 39 Hall, Col. C. L., 672 Hall, Leonard W., 152, 208, 242, 243,

  256, 1068 Halley, Rudolph, 794, 867, 870-1, 976 Halsman, Philippe, 985 Hamilton, Alexander, 648, 649, 652 Hampton Bays, 169, 170, 182, 202, 205 Hand, Charles, 597 Hand, Learned, 811-12 Handlin, Oscar, 261, 280, 284, 285,

  293, 295 Harding, Warren G., in Harkness, Stephen C, 149 Harlem, 335, 337-8, 491-2, 493 and n.,

  971-2, 975-6; drugs in, 971, 972;

  lack of public works in, 510-12,

  557-6o, 779; public works in, 337,

  457, 490, 491, 513-14, 533 Harlem River Drive, 6, 841 and n., 842,

  885, 896, 918, 924, 1019 Harper's, 569-70, 811 Harriman, W. Averell, 1067, 1070; as

  Governor, 9, 707, 722, 885, 1068;

  RM and, 707-9, 835, 1069, 1071,

  1073, 1134; and public works, 707-9 Harriman family, 144-5, 345 Harriman State Park, 1073 Harris, Helen M., 655 Harrison, Wallace K., 773, 1092 Hartford Life Insurance Co., 720 n. Hath way, Alan, 814-15 Haussmann, Baron Georges-Eugene,

  838, 840, 847, 1062, 1092-3 Havemeyer, Horace O., 154, 184,

  186-8, 189, 211, 215-16, 243 Hayden Planetarium, 508, 568 Hayes, Cardinal, 377 Hayes, Helen, 1034 Hazleton, Edgar L., 832 Hearst, William Randolph, 322, 391, 471 Hearst newspapers, 263, 378, 473, 916 Hecht, Benjamin J., 996 Hecht, William C, Jr., 1141 Heckscher, August, Sr., 202-3 and n.,

  205, 218, 219, 308, 378 Heckscher, August, III, 203 n., 1153,

  1157 Heckscher State Park, 8, 203, 238, 245, 301, 308, 311, 312, 314, 482, 485, 666-7; see also Deer Range State Park

  IX

  Hegeman, Werner, 542

  Hellman, Geoffrey, 28

  Hellman, Hilda, 28, 584, 604, 606

  Hempstead Lake State Park, 8, 220, 221, 313, 314

  Hempstead Township, 147 and n., 204-5, 208, 209-10, 233, 237, 311

  Hendrickson Bros., Inc., 209, 738, 1090

  Henry Hudson Bridge, 331, 342, 365, 502, 508, 517, 526, 527, 534, 535, 540, 546, 549-50, 552, 554; alternate site for, 543, 546-8, 666-7; cost of, 535-9 passim, 543; earnings of, 617-18, 667, 698; expansion of, 539,

  562, 563; funds for, 537, 539, 551, 920; maintenance for, 617; tolls on, 534, 535, 537, 561-2; traffic on, 535, 537, 539, 562; traffic congestion on,

  563, 667

  Henry Hudson Memorial Park, 562-3

  Henry Hudson Parkway, 342-3, 503, 526, 533-5, 538, 542, 544, 545, 546, 550, 551, 552, 554-5, 558, 560-1, 562, 565, 918, 923; alternate route for, 543, 546-9, 560; bridges for, 546-7, 554; as a commuting road, 546-7, 563; cost of, 533-8 passim, 549; funds for, 533, 534, 537, 538; traffic congestion on, 563-4; viaduct in Harlem, 558

  Henry Hudson Parkway Authority: bonds of, 534, 562; bonds of, bankers' resistance to, 535-7, 538-9, 550-1, 730; RM's control of, 616, 623; self-liquidating, 617

  Henry Street Settlement, 30, 348

  Hewitt, Charles J., 191, 208, 211-13, 221, 224-5, 234, 237, 248, 290, 300-1, 307

  Highbridge Aqueduct, 842

  High Hill Beach, 311-12

  Highland Park, 344

  highways, see roads and highways

  Hillies, Charles D., 186, 199

  Hillside Housing project, 345

  Hinden, Stan, 1079

  Hines, Jimmy, 720

  Hither Hills State Park, 8, 186, 220, 238

  Hitler, Adolf, 353, 688, 832, 847

  Hodgkiss, Arthur, 752, 782, 783, 844, 872, 873, 875, 880

  Hodson, William, 381

  Hofstadter, Samuel H., 996-7, 999, 1000

  Holland, Clifford M., 607

  Holland Tunnel, 329 n., 607, 616 and n., 769, 925; cost of, 616 n. f RM and, 616 n.; and Port of N.Y. Authority, 616, 617, 912

  Hollister, Buell, 184, 186-7, 189

  Home Insurance Company, 720 n.

  Hoover, Herbert, 182, 281, 293, 345, 380, 409

  Hopkins, Harry, 363, 453, 456, 516

  Hopper, Hedda, 1034

  Horace Harding Expressway, 6yh,

  Horizon, 1028

  hospitals and health clinics, 261, 265,

  274, 324, 328, 491, 614, 640, 642-3,

  644, 757, 759, 772, 795

  housing:

  general information: condemnations, 6, 6n, 777, 779, 891, 962, 967, 973, 980, 1013-14; funds for, city, 768; funds for, federal, 610, 611, 704, 717 (see also housing: Title
/); funds for, state, 610, 611, 717, 758, 759, 768, 802, 804, 805; high-density, 898, 941-2, 945-6, 958; La Guardia and, 610-13; liberals and, 758, 762; low-income, 6-7, 20, 328, 449, 610, 655, 700, 704, 717, 767, 796-7, 805, 830, 855-6, 862, 882, 962-3, 969, 972-3, 974; luxury, 6, 20, 1014; middle-income, 802, 890-1, 892-3; RM as Emergency Housing Chairman, 764, 765-6, 768; RM's control, 7, 700-1, 706-7, 765-6, 796-7, 777, 802, 804-5, 830, 891, 1060; RM's philosophy, 610, 765, 767, 777, 805, 882, 1060-1, 1151, 1158; RM's plans for, 1151-2, 1153-4; RM's power grab, 610-13, 777; projects, 7, 345, 768, 796-7, 802, 862, 882, 891, 904, 962-3, 969, 972-3, 974, 1018; public authorities and, 627; shortage, 766, 768, 786, 801, 848, 855, 860, 862, 880, 1152; social philosophy of, 777, 1151; state, 261, 408; for UN, 772, 774; urban decay, and RM's public works, 520-5, 749, 860-1, 880-3, 888-90, 893, 963-6, 969-76, 1007; welfare, 893; see also N.Y.C. Housing Authority

  Title I, 12, 1060-1; corruption and honest graft in, 718, 726-7, 965, 979-82, 1006-13, 1014, 1016-18, 1040-54 passim, 1062; Democratic Party and, 965, 979-82, 1006-13, 1017-18, 1040, 1045-8, 1050; housing, 6, 704, 777, 805, 830, 890-1, 961, 962, 980-1, 1014-15, I 018 , 1024, 1060-1; RM's control of, as Slum Clearance Chairman, 12, 707, 718, 726-7, 74i, 752, 777-8, 805, 830, 872, 961, 962-3, 979-8o, 982-3, 988, 1000, 1006-25, 1040-63 passim, 1091; RM's falsifying facts on, 963, 967, 968-9, 972-3, 976, 977, 979; RM's records, 967, 977, 1008, 1040-5; neighborhood decay from, 963-6, 969-76, 1007; N.Y.C. Board of Estimate and, 979, 1010, 1011-12, 1014-15, 1057; opposition to RM on, 961, 965-79, 983, 1014-16; press

  housing (cont.)

  investigation into, 1006-13, 1016-25, 1039-59; private developers and, 12, 777, 793, 965, 970, 973-4, 977-8, 979-82, 1006-13, 1014, 1017, 1018,

  1024, 1040-54, 1061; profiteering from, 962, 980-1, 1006, 1008-9, 1010-13, 1046-9 passim, 1051; public relations, 962, 973, 979, 1045; rentals, 963, 972, 981, 1024; Senate investigation into, 979-82, 1006; sites, 962-3, 965-6, 983, 1006, 1018; slum clearance, 717, 752, 804, 961-2, 965-8, 980-1, 1006, 1015, 1024-5; tax delinquencies in, 1009-10; tenant eviction and relocation for, 7, 12, 19-20, 741, 752, 777-8, 779, 797, 804, 830, 847-9, 962-3, 965 and n., 966-79, 983, 986, 1013-14, 1017,

  1025, 1062; see also Coliseum; Fordham University; Lincoln Center; Manhattantown project; relocation and eviction practices; and individual categories and projects

  Howe, Louis M., 287, 289, 292, 428, 429,

  437 Howland, Arthur, 227, 228, 229, 266,

  267, 272, 484, 621, 710, 808, 1084 Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, 930 Hughes, Charles Evans, 95, 108, no, 131;

  as Governor, 59, 62, 64, 97, 654 Humphrey, Hubert, 1107 Hunt, H. L., 1100 Hunters Island, 363, 365-6, 508 Huntington Township, 152, 153, 194 Hurst, Fannie, 985, 991, 1001 Hutchinson, Eberly, 193, 211-13, 221,

  224-5, 234, 237, 248, 290, 300-1, 307 Hutchinson River Parkway, 8, 341, 342,

  343, 389, 392, 517, 5i8, 812, 841 and

  n., 918; traffic congestion on, 520 Hylan, John F., 20, 84-5, 86, 87, 133,

  210, 320, 324, 325-6, 328, 336, 348,

  357 Hyland, Richard V., 536

  I

  Ickes, Harold L., 673, 684; in power struggle between RM and FDR, 426-443, 548, 674; as PWA Administrator, 392, 426, 441-3, 5i6, 531, 608-9, 640, 661

  Idlewild (Kennedy), Airport, 757, 831, 921; public authority for, 758, 759, 760, 762, 766-7; transportation to, 904-8, 910-11, 954-5

  Illson, Murray, 966

  Impellitteri, Vincent R., 977; as mayor, 3, 9, 463, 706, 718, 727, 787-98, 866-867, 873, 921-2, 1045; RM and, 788-9, 790-8, 799, 801, 806, 866, 1015

  Independent Subway System (IND), 328,

  840-1, and n., 906, 933 industry, 59, 122-4, 143, 520, 524; RM

  and, 741-2, 926-7; see also contractors;

  corruption and honest graft Ingersoll, Raymond V., 132, 168, 348,

  353, 357, 358, 419 Ingraham, Joseph C, 457, 501-2, 601,

  728, 809, 810-11, 825, 826, 877, 1065,

  1080, 1096, 1099, 1115 insurance premiums, see corruption and

  honest graft Interborough Parkway, 8, 344-5, 5*5;

  traffic congestion on, 517, 913 Interborough Rapid Transit (IRT), 851,

  932-3, 946 International Bridge, 345 International Ladies Garment Workers

  Union, 965 Interstate Highway System, 921, 922; see

  also Joint Program of Port and Tri-

  borough authorities; roads and highways; TRANSPORTATION

  Inwood Hill Park, 459, 533, 546, 548; marred by RM's West Side plan, 535, 542, 543, 544, 547, 548-9, 550, 551, 554, 564-5; unspoiled forest of, 534, 540-2, 543, 566, 829

  Isaacs, Stanley M., 15, 134, 348, 435, 654-6, 688, 700, 702, 786, 799; opposition to RM, 471, 473, 490, 492, 502, 643-4, 646, 654, 658, 660, 665-6, 670-1, 686, 759-6o, 766, 774, 782, 965, 966, 976, 983, 990, 992, 996-8, 1001, 1032, 1038, 1049, 1090

  Islip Township, 147, 149, 190, 191, 312

  Israel, 1101

  Israels, Carlos, 141, 259

  Israels, Charles M., 92

  Jack, Hulan, 744, 923, 1024

  Jackson, Clifford, 214

  Jackson Heights, 392-3

  Jacob Riis Park, 335, 476, 487, 492, 508,

  634

  Jamaica Bay Park, 343, 921, 1152

  James, Darwin R., 72-3, 74, 75, 77, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 348

  James, Henry, 649

  Janowitz, Saul, 854, 868, 870, 890, 891

  Javits, Jacob, 1109, n 10

  Jennings, Allyn, 612, 833

  Jericho Turnpike, 154, 156, 956

  Jewish Encyclopedia, 411

  Jewish Times, The, 26

  Jews: in East Tremont, 851-93 passim; as immigrants, 25, 30-1, 49; in N.Y.C., 26, 30, 33-4, 49, 353, 354; and nonwhites, 857-8, 888; offended by RM, 411-12, 863; and Tammany, 91

  John Jay Park, 799

  Johnson (contractors), 1090

  Johnson, Elias, 1, 4, 44-5, 501

  Johnson, Gen. Hugh, 501, 516

  Johnson, Lyndon, 1109

  Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 41, 45, 443, 1150

  Johnston, Albert T., 608, 692

  Joint Program of Port and Triborough authorities, 924-6, 927 and n., 930, 932, 933, 934, 939, 940; see also

  ROADS AND HIGHWAYS; TRANSPORTATION

  Jones, Alfred B., 608, 693-4, 697

  Jones, Jesse, 608, 640, 691

  Jones, Maj. Thomas, 160-1

  Jones Beach Marine Theater, 762, 817-820; lack of attendance at, 818; and the Lombardos, 14, 817-20; RM's entertaining at, 14, 817-19, 821-2, 823, 1155, 1160; state funds for, 817, 819-20

  Jones Beach State Park, 8, 10, 220, 242-3, 308-11, 345, 549, 666-7, 778, 811, 816 and n., 821, 824, 832, 1078; attendance at, 308, 310, 314; beach grass for, 232-3; building designs for, 222, 224, 238, 308, 365, 366; causeways, 162, 171, 209, 211, 218, 222, 230, 233, 234, 237, 281, 308, 310, 485, 581; concessionaires at, 816 and n. construction of, 231-3, 237; cost of, 224-225, 232, 314; fees at, 319; funds for, 225, 233, 237, 581, 600; landscaping for, 222, 232-3; RM's acquisition of land for, 204-5, 208, 209, 233-7; RM's entertaining at, 14, 457, 458, 517, 816-24, 1155, 1160; RM's plan for, 161-2, 171, 205, 221-5, 231-7, 240, 485, 581; naming of, 160-1, 567; nonwhites discouraged at, 318-19, 514; opening of, 308-11, 314; praise of, 308-10; 385, 1062; recreation at, 223, 231, 309, 310, 816; sand of, 232-3; water tower for, 223, 224-5, 238, 309

  Jones Beach State Park Authority, 629; RM's control of, 362, 616, 629, 764, 1051, 1061, 1074, 1133; revenues of,

  634 Joseph, Lazarus, 700, 761-2, 770, 774,

  775, 788, 795, 865, 867, 870-1 Juniper Valley, 377 Junkamen, William J., 226-31 passim

  K

  Kahn, Joe, 816, 827, 869, 872, 1006, 1020, 1023, 1024, 1040-51 passim, 1063, 1090, 1096, 1097-8

  Kahn, Otto, 150, 163, 185, 277-8, 279,

  299-303, 405 Kaltenborn, H. V., 603, 826 Kaplan, H. Elliot, 72, 79-80 Kaplan, Saul, 466 Katcher, Ed, 1065

  Katz, Arthur, 868. 871, 872, 874, 875

  880 Kaufman, Herbert. 746 Kefauver, Estes, 787 Kelly, John, 129, 744 Kempton, Murray, 738, 1020 Kennedy, John F., 283, 1100 Kennedy
, Joseph P., 741, 1014 Kennedy, Robert F., 1014 Kennedy, Stephen P., 1032 Kennedy Airport, see Idlewild Airport Kenny, William F., 259 Kenny, William T., 293, 574 Kensico Dam, 144 Kern, Paul J., 358, 446, 462, 500-1,

  586-7, 593-4, 613-14, 700; smeared by

  RM, 472-4, 583 Kerr, Walter, 1027, 1028 Kihss, Peter, 1065

  Kissena Park, 344, 373, 481, 1083, 1086 Klein, Woody, 1022, 1048-9 Knickerbocker Club, 679 Knickerbocker Housing Development,

  345 Knight, John, 196. 197, 199, 201 Koppelman, Lee, 578, 823-4, 944,

  949-50,951-2,955-6 Kopple, Robert, 1093 Kracke, Frederick J. H., 449-50 Krock, Arthur, 437 Ku Klux Klan, 148, 199, 201

  labor, 3, 59, 122-3, 125-6, 128, 129, 261, 294; better conditions for, 129, 143-4, 261, 294; costs and mass transit, 934, 1136; Democratic Party and, 735, 740; and RM's speed in building, 737-8, 1135; RM's treatment of, 233, 370-2, 573, 621, 622, 735; RM's use of, for political influence, 18, 735-9, 753, 927, 934, 1055, 1069, 1120; opposition to, 737; prejudice of, 736; ramrods, 370, 381, 621; unions, 54, 92-3, 148, 276, 355, 660, 662, 712 n. unions and RM, 3, 735-6, 1127, 1130, 1135; and World's Fair, 1088-9, 1090, 1101, 1104, 1108

  Lafayette, Marquis de, 649, 651-2

  La Follette, Robert M., 59

  La Guardia, Fiorello H., 391; anti-Tammany, 354, 383, 444, 7H-I2, 779, 1084; background, 353-4; and Battery Crossing fight, 657-77', campaigns for mayor, 353-8, 359, 404, 549, 655; character, 452, 445-6, 447, 452; as civil defense head, 691, 699; illness and retirement, 699, 701-2, 714; liberalism, 353, 355, 356, 466, 473; as mayor, 3, 5, 9, 328, 358-61, 368, 374, 375, 377, 379, 38i-2, 383, 392, 394-5, 398, 427, 430, 432-9, 444-57, 46i-5, 466-

  Xll

  La Guardia, Fiorello H. (cont.)

  467, 487, 490, 492, 500-1, 511-12, 537, 538, 559, 572 n., 586, 607, 642-4, 655-6, 699-700, 701, 718, 747, 757, 758, 830, 1085, 1118 and n. RM and, 357-61, 369, 409, 4i6, 452-3, 454-7, 462, 472-3, 474, 475, 512, 515, 552, 585, 587 and n., 603, 634-6, 675-6, 682, 690-1, 692-3, 695, 701-2, 765, 778, 1015, 1119; RM and, confrontations with, 445, 446-53, 462-3, 568, 607-14, 620, 640-1, 777; personal style, 354, 444, 454-7; in power struggle between RM and FDR, 426-42, 607; and public authorities, 617, 625, 626, 635-6, 760-1; and public housing, 610-613; and public works, 358-9, 375, 376, 451, 452, 453, 454-7, 464, 491, 532, 551, 614, 620, 636, 639, 641, 681-2, 684, 686; reformers and, 354-5, 436-7, 645, 700; FDR and, 409, 441-2, 454, 466, 704, 745