by Kerry Bolton
[313] Ibid.
[314] Ibid.
[315] Leon Trotsky, In Defence of the Soviet Union, Max Shachtman, ‘Introduction.’ (New York: Pioneer Publishers, 1937).
[316] James P Cannon, a veteran Trotskyist and former colleague of Shachtman’s.
[317] Max Shachtman, ‘The Crisis in the American Party: An Open Letter in Reply to Comrade Leon Trotsky’, New International, Vol.6 No.2, March 1940), 43-51.
[318] Ibid.
[319] Max Shachtman, ‘The Nature of the Stalinist Parties: Their Class Roots, Political Role and Basic Aim’, The New International: A Monthly Organ of Revolutionary Marxism, Vol.13 No.3, March 1947, 69-74.
[320] Max Shachtman, ‘Stalinism on the Decline: Tito versus Stalin The Beginning of the End of the Russian Empire’, New International, Vol. XIV No.6, August 1948, 172-178.
[321] Max Shachtman, ‘The Congress of the Fourth International: An Analysis of the Bankruptcy of “Orthodox Trotskyism”’, New International, Vol.XIV, No.8, October 1948, 236-245.
[322] Max Shachtman, ‘Reflections on a Decade Past: On the Tenth Anniversary of Our Movement’, The New International: A Monthly Organ of Revolutionary Marxism, Vol.16 No.3, May-June 1950, 131-144.
[323] Natalia Sedova Trotsky, May 9, 1951, Labor Action, June 17, 1951, http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/newspape/socialistvoice/natalia38.html
[324] American Federation of Labor-Central Industrial Organization.
[325] Haberkern, op.cit.
[326] Sidney Hook, ‘Education in Defense of a Free Society’, 1984, Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, National Endowment for Humanities, http://www.neh.gov/whoweare/jefflect.html
[327] Edward S Shapiro, ‘Hook Sidney’, First Principles: The Home of American Intellectual Conservatism, 3 July 2009.
[328] Again, there is obfuscation with the use of the term ‘anti-Communist’. What is meant in such cases is not opposition to Communism, but opposition to Stalinism, and the course the USSR had set upon after the elimination of the Trotskyites, et al. Many of these so-called ‘anti-Communists’ in opposing the USSR considered themselves loyal to the legacy of Trotsky.
[329] Tom Kahn, ‘Max Shachtman: His Ideas and His Movement’, Editor’s Note on Kahn, Dissent Magazine, 252 http://www.dissentmagazine.org/democratiya/article_pdfs/d11Khan.pdf
[330] Tom Kahn, Democratiya 11, 2007, reprinted in Dissent Magazine, ibid., 258.
[331] Fred Barbash, ‘Bush: Iraq Part of ‘Global Democratic Revolution’: Liberation of Middle East Portrayed as Continuation of Reagan’s Policies’, Washington Post, 6 November 6, 2003.
[332] Gershman served as Senior Counsellor to the United States Representative to the United Nations beginning in 1981. As it happens, the Representative he was advising was fellow Social Democrats comrade, Jeane Kirkpatrick, who had begun her political career in the (Trotskyist) Young People’s Socialist League, a branch of the Shachtmanist-orientated Socialist Party, as had many other ‘neo-cons.’
[333] The Social Democrats USA had originated in 1972 after a split with the Trotskyist-orientated Socialist Party. The honorary chairman of the Social Democrats USA until his death in 1984 was Prof. Sidney Hook.
[334] Glotzer was a leading Trotskyist. Expelled from the Communist Party USA in 1928 along with Max Shachtman, they founded the Communist League and the subsequent factions. When the Socialist Party factionalised in 1972 Glotzer joined the Social Democrats – USA faction, which remained closest to Shachtmanism, and which supported US foreign policy. Even in 1981 Glotzer was still involved with luminaries of the Socialist Workers Party. “British Trotskyism in 1931”, Encyclopaedia of Trotskyism Online: Revolutionary History, http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/revhist/backiss/vol1/no1/glotzer.html (Accessed 7 March 2010).
[335] Rachelle Horowitz, “Tom Kahn and the Fight for Democracy: A Political Portrait and Personal Recollection”, Dissent Magazine, pp. 238-239. http://www.dissentmagazine.org/democratiya/article_pdfs/d11Horowitz.pdf (Accessed 8 March 2010).
[336] Ibid. 209.
[337] Ibid. 211.
[338] Ibid., 234.
[339] Ibid., 235.
[340] Ibid., 246.
[341] ‘About NED’, National Endowment for Democracy, http://www.ned.org/about (accessed 7 March 2010).
[342] David Lowe, ‘Idea to Reality: NED at 25: Reauthorization’, NED, http://www.ned.org/about/history (accessed 7 March 2010).
[343] Jacob H Schiff, ‘Jacob H Schiff Rejoices, By Telegraph to the Editor of the New York Times’, New York Times, March 18, 1917. This can be viewed at The New York Times online archives: http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9802E4DD163AE532A2575BC1A9659C946696D6CF
Jacob Schiff, ‘Loans easier for Russia’, The New York Times, 20 March 1917. http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9B04EFDD143AE433A25753C2A9659C946696D6CF
John B Young (National City Bank) ‘Is A People’s Revolution’, The New York Times, March 16 1917.
‘Bankers here pleased with news of revolution’, ibid.
‘Stocks strong – Wall Street interpretation of Russian News’, ibid.
[344] ‘Bolsheviki Will Not Make Separate Peace: Only Those Who Made Up Privileged Classes Under Czar Would Do So, Says Col. W B Thompson, Just Back From Red Cross Mission’, The New York Times, January 27 1918.
[345] Armand Hammer of Occidental Petroleum, who had been a concessionaire at the earliest stages of the Soviet regime, stated of his meeting with Trotsky that he was questioned as to how US capitalists regarded Russia as a ‘desirable field for investment?’ Trotsky, having returned from the Urals, thought that the region had great possibilities for American capital. Armand Hammer, Hammer: Witness to History (London: Coronet Books, 1988), 160.
[346] Lenin had stated to Hammer: ‘The New Economic Policy demands a fresh development of our economic possibilities. We hope to accelerate the process by a system of industrial and commercial concessions to foreigners. It will give great opportunities to the United State’. Ibid., 143.
[347] Antony Sutton, National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet Union (New York: Arlington House, 1973).
[348] For Roosevelt’s commitment to friendship with Stalin see the CIA essay: Gary Kern, How “Uncle Joe” Bugged FDR, Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol47no1/article02.html
[349] A A Gromyko, Memories. (London: Arrow Books, 1989).
[350] For example, G Edward Griffin, The Fearful Master: A Second Look at the United Nations (Boston: Western Islands, 1964).
[351] Quigley was an eminent historian and governmental adviser, and taught at Foreign Services School, Georgetown University, Harvard and Princeton universities. President Clinton spoke of Quigley as his adviser when at Harvard.
[352] Hence the title of Quigley’s magnum opus, Tragedy and Hope (New York: MacmillanCo., 1966).
[353] Caroll Quigley, Tragedy and Hope, ibid., 892.
[354] Ibid., 893.
[355] Ibid., 895.
[356] Ibid.
[357] Ibid.
[358] Bernard Baruch, The Baruch Plan, 1946. http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Deterrence/BaruchPlan.shtml
[359] A A Gromyko, op.cit.
[360] Dulles suspected that the peace initiative came from the Emperor himself.
[361] ‘Ladies of the Press’, panel-interview programme, WOR-TV, New York, January 19, 1963. http://www.greenwych.ca/dulles.htm
[362] Bob Fisk, “The Decision to Bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki,” II, 1983. The article can be found at: http://www.greenwych.ca/hiro2bmb.htm
[363] Ibid.
[364] Bernard Baruch, NY Tribune, April 17, 1947. cited by Fisk, ibid.
[365] Frances Stonor Saunders, op. cit., 91.
[366] Bertrand Russell, ‘The Atomic Bomb and the Prevention of War’, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, October 1, 1946, 5.
[367] Ibid., 2.
[368] Ibid., 3.
[369] Ibid.
&nbs
p; [370] Bertrand Russell, Has Man a Future? (Hammondsworth: Penguin Books, 1961), 25.
[371] Peter Grosse in his semi-official history of the CFR, calls the Council ‘the East Coast foreign policy establishment’. P Grosse, Continuing the Inquiry, op. cit., Chapter: ‘X’ Leads the Way,’http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/x_leads.html
[372] Ibid., ‘The First Transformation’.
[373] Ibid., ‘X Leads the Way’. “X” was Kennan, an anonymous policy-maker.
[374] Ibid.
[375] Ibid., “The First Transformation.,”http://www.cfr.org/about/history/cfr/first_transformation.html
[376] Ibid.
[377] K R Bolton, ‘Mikhail Gorbachev: Globalist Super-Star’, Foreign Policy Journal, April 3, 2011; http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2011/04/03/mikhail-gorbachev-globalist-super-star/
[378] The Gorbachev Foundation, “About Us, The Foundation Projects and Structural Subdivisions,” http://www.gorby.ru/en/rubrs.asp?rubr_id=302
[379] Ibid.
[380] George H W Bush, speech before US Congress, March 6, 1991.
[381] For example, the “Eurasian” concept whose chief proponent is Prof. Alexander Dugin, head of the Center for Conservative Research, Moscow State University, who advocates a “multi-polar” world of power bloc “vectors” as an alternative to globalization.
[382] Jack Kemp, et al, Russia’s Wrong Direction: What the United States Can and Should do, Independent Task Force Report no. 57 (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 2006) xi. The entire publication can be downloaded at: http://www.cfr.org/publication/9997/
[383] Richard N Haass, CFR President, ibid.
[384] K R Bolton, ‘The Globalist Web of Subversion’, Foreign Policy Journal, February 7, 2011; http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2011/02/07/the-globalist-web-of-subversion/
[385] Ibid., 4.
[386] Ibid., 5.
[387] Ibid., 6.
[388] Ibid., 7.
[389] It is often overlooked that Stalin had inherited the totalitarian structure that had already been established by Lenin and Trotsky, who were hardly charitable in their dealings with opponents.
[390] See Chapter I.
[391] Leon Trotsky, ‘The Workers’ State, Thermidor and Bonapartism’, International Socialist Review, Vol.17 No.3, Summer 1956, 93-101, 105, http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1935/02/ws-therm-bon.htm
[392] Leon Trotsky, The Revolution Betrayed, op. cit., http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1936/revbet/ch07.htm
[393] Warsaw Pact and Comecom, military and economic blocs respectively.
[394] K R Bolton, The Red Face of Israel, Foreign Policy Journal, 2 August 2010
http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2010/08/02/the-red-face-of-israel/all/1
[395] Arkady Vaksberg, Stalin Against the Jews (New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1984), inter alia.
[396] Paul Lendvai, Anti-Semitism in Eastern Europe (London: Macdonald & Co., 1972), 243-245.
[397] See Chapter II.
[398] J Brent and V P Naumov, Stalin’s Last Crime: The Doctors’ Plot (London: John Murray, 2004), 1-10.
[399] Ibid., 214.
[400] Ibid., 94.
[401] Ibid., 184.
[402] Ibid., 258.
[403] Ibid., 297.
[404] Ludo Martens Another view of Stalin (1995 John Plaice, 1995), http://www.plp.org/books/Stalin/node153.html
[405] Former counter- intelligence officer and member of Stalin’s bodyguard who defected to the West in 1954.
[406] P. Deriabin, Watchdogs of Terror: Russian Bodyguards from the Tsars to the Commissars (1984), 321;
[407] Amy Knight, Beria: Stalin’s First Lieutenant (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993), 179.
[408] J Brent and V P Naumov, op. cit., 313.
[409] Ibid., 314.
[410] Ibid., 314-315. No high alcohol level was found in Stalin’s blood or urine. 320.
[411] Ibid., 315.
[412] Ibid., 316.
[413] Ibid., 317.
[414] Ibid.
[415] Molotov Remembers, p. 237, cited by Brent and Naumov, ibid., 320.
[416] J Brent and V P Naumov, ibid., 321.
[417] Ibid., 322.
[418] Ibid.
[419] Ibid., 339.
[420] Ibid., 325-327.
[421] K R Bolton, ‘Mikhail Gorbachev: Globalist Super-Star’, Foreign Policy Journal, April 3 2011, http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2011/04/03/mikhail-gorbachev-globalist-super-star/
[422] Thaddeus Wittlin, Commissar: The Life and Death of Lavrenti Pavlovich Beria (New York: Macmillan, 1972), 354.
[423] Ibid., 363-365.
[424] On the Crimes and Anti-Party, Anti-Government Activities of Beria, Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, July 2-7 1953.
[425] Shlomo Avineri, Moses Hess: Prophet of Communism and Zionism (New York University, 1985).
[426] Karl Marx, On the Jewish Question, 1844. www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/jewish-question/
[427] Walter Laqueur, The Black Hundred: The Rise of the Extreme Right in Russia, (New York: Harper Perennial, 1993).
[428] Ibid.
[429] Winston Churchill, ‘Zionism versus Bolshevism: a struggle for the soul of the Jewish people’, London: Illustrated Sunday Herald, February 8, 1920, 5.
[430] Laurence Krane , ‘Chaim Weizmann, Builder of Israel’, The Jewish Magazine, October 2002, http://74.125.155.132/search?q=cache:iZ0Sh9qb5vkJ:www.jewishmag.com/60mag/weizmann/weizmann.htm
[431] I Braginsky, et al., Zionism: Instrument of Imperialist Reaction, (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1970).
[432] I Bragnaski, ibid., ‘The Class Essence of Zionism’.
[433] I Braginksy,ibid., 84.
[434] F Farrel, ‘The American Jewish Plot Against Europe’, Common Sense, issue no. 598, 1 February, 1974, 2.
[435] Ibid., 113, 125.
[436] Ibid., 126.
[437] Ibid. 263.
[438] Ibid. 267.
[439] Yuri Ivanov, Caution, Zionism! Essays on the Ideology, Organisation and Practice of Zionism, (Moscow: Progressive Publishers, 1970).
The description on the back cover stated: ‘Caution, Zionism! by Soviet Marxist historian Yuri Ivanov is a convincing exposé of modern Zionism as an ideology, a system of organisations and the practical policies of the wealthy Jewish bourgeoisie. Basing his arguments on numerous documents and facts, the author shows that Zionism has been and is a bellicose reactionary force working against the genuine national interests of all people, the Israeli people inclusive’. The book is online at: http://home.alphalink.com.au/~radnat/zionism/index.html
[440] Pionerskaya Pravda, 10 October 1981.
[441] Ivan Shevtsov, In the Name of the Father and the Son (Moskovskii Rabochii, 1970).
[442] V Begun, Creeping Counter-Revolution (Minsk, 1975).
[443] V Begun, Invasion Without Arms (Minsk, 1977).
[444] Lev A Korneyev, Class Essence of Zionism (Moscow, 1983).
[445] Walter Laqueur, op.cit.
[446] Kris Roman, ‘Euro-Rus: International Conference on Friday 27 and Saturday 28 June : Russia and the European Building Thought’, June 6, 2008, http://eurorusactivities.wordpress.com/2008/06/06/euro-rus-international-conference-on-friday-27-and-saturday-28-june-%E2%80%9Crussia-and-the-european-empire-building-thought%E2%80%9D/
Table of Contents
Stalin’s Fight Against International Communism
Stalinism and the Art of ‘Rootless Cosmopolitanism’
The Moscow Trials in Historical Context
Trotsky, Stalin and the Cold War
The Origins of the Cold War:
Who Killed Stalin?
The USSR After Stalin’s Death
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