by Mark Zuehlke
4 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 40.
5 Kim Beattie, Dileas: History of the 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1929–1956 (Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1957), 617–19.
6 48th Highlanders of Canada Regiment War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
7 Stacey, 39.
8 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 25.
9 48th Highlanders of Canada Regiment War Diary, n.p.
10 Beattie, 621.
11 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
12 Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
13 “Battle History 1 Canadian Infantry Brigade 25 Aug to 19 Oct 44,” National Archives of Canada, 8.
14 48th Highlanders of Canada Regiment War Diary, n.p.
15 Stacey, 41.
16 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” 3.
17 48th Highlanders of Canada Regiment War Diary, n.p.
18 Loyal Edmonton Regiment War Diary, n.p.
18 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” 3.
20 Loyal Edmonton Regiment War Diary, n.p.
21 Johnson interview, 9 Jan. 2002.
22 G.R. Stevens, A City Goes to War (Brampton, ON: Charters, 1964), 308.
23 Loyal Edmonton Regiment War Diary, n.p.
24 Alon Johnson, interview by Ken McLeod, n.d., Victoria, BC.
25 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” 3.
26 Johnson interview, 9 Jan. 2002.
27 Loyal Edmonton Regiment War Diary, n.p.
28 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
29 Stacey, 41.
30 Ibid., 42.
31 “Battle History 1 Canadian Infantry Brigade 25 Aug to 19 Oct 44,” 9.
32 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade Account of The Operations in Italy, 29 Aug–21 Sep 44,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
33 Lt. Col. D.C. Cameron, “The Pursuit to the Gothic Line–22 Aug to 29 Aug,” The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment, Canadian Army Overseas, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 3.
12: SOMETHING RADICALLY WRONG
1 Stan Scislowski, Not All of Us Were Brave (Toronto: Dundurn, 1997), 236.
2 Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
3 Scislowski, 237.
4 Perth Regiment War Diary, n.p.
5 Scislowski, 237–38.
6 Ibid., 238.
7 Ibid., 239.
8 Ibid., 241.
9 Ibid., 242.
10 Ibid.
11 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 57–58.
12 Ibid., 51.
13 Ibid., 49.
14 Howard Mitchell, My War: With the Saskatoon Light Infantry (M.G.), 1939–1945 (n.p., n.d.), 101.
15 Stacey, 49.
16 Ibid., 54–55.
17 Bert Hoffmeister, interview by B. Greenhous and W. McAndrew transcript, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 93–94.
18 Alex Morrison and Ted Slaney, The Breed of Manly Men: The History of the Cape Breton Highlanders (Toronto: The Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies, 1994), 221–22.
19 Perth Regiment War Diary, n.p.
20 Lt. W.F. Dean, “Report on Recce Patrol to Montecchio,” Ops-11 Canadian Infantry Brigade, National Archives of Canada, 1–2.
21 Ibid., 52–53.
22 Hoffmeister interview, 95.
23 Stacey, 54.
24 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
25 Chris Vokes, Operations 1st Canadian Division, “The Gothic Line—Phase Three: The Break-through the Gothic Line and the Pursuit to the Conca,” National Archives of Canada, 9.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid., 10.
28 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade Account of the Operations in Italy, 29 Aug–21 Sep 44, Part Two: Attack on the Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 1.
13: GO DOWN, BOYS
1 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part I: Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
2 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade Account of the Operations in Italy, 29 Aug – 21 Sep 44, Part Two: Attack on the Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
3 Chris Vokes, My Story (Ottawa: Gallery Books, 1985), 170.
4 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part I: Gothic Line,” 2.
5 West Nova Scotia Regiment War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
6 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part I: Gothic Line,” 3.
7 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade Account of the Operations in Italy, 29 Aug – 21 Sep 44, Part Two: Attack on the Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 3.
8 Ibid.
9 West Nova Scotia Regiment War Diary, n.p.
10 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade Account of the Operations in Italy, 29 Aug – 21 Sep 44, Part Two: Attack on the Gothic Line,” 3–4.
11 Ibid., 4.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., 5.
15 Arthur Bishop, Courage on the Battlefield: Canada’s Military Heritage, vol. 2 (Toronto: McGraw Hill-Ryerson, 1993), 260–61.
16 “HQ 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade: The Attack on the Gothic Line and the Capture of Coriano, 20 Aug–14 Sep 44,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
17 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
18 Alex Morrison and Ted Slaney, The Breed of Manly Men: The History of the Cape Breton Highlanders (Toronto: The Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies, 1994), 226–28.
19 Ibid., 229.
20 Ibid.
21 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
22 Douglas How, The 8th Hussars: A History of the Regiment (Sussex, NB: Maritime Publishing, 1964), 230.
23 Ibid., 230–31.
24 Cape Breton Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
25 The Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
26 Stan Scislowski, Not All of Us Were Brave (Toronto: Dundurn, 1997), 249.
27 Ibid., 250.
28 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 58–59.
29 Scislowski, 250.
30 Ibid., 251–52.
31 Ibid., 255–56.
32 Stacey, 59.
33 Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, n.p.
34 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 515.
35 How, 233.
36 Morrison and Slaney, 227–28.
37 1st Canadian Infantry Division (GS Branch) War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
38 Stacey, 62–63.
39 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 27.
40 G.R. Stevens, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 1919–1957, vol. 3 (Griesbach, AB: Historical Committee of the Regiment, n.d.), 185.
14: A DEFINITE BREACH
1 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part I: Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 3.
2 Ibid.
3 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade Account of the Operations in Italy, 29 Aug – 21
Sep 44, Part Two: Attack on the Gothic Line,” 5.
4 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part I: Gothic Line,” 4.
5 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 84.
6 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part I: Gothic Line,” 4.
7 Ibid.
8 “5th Canadian Armoured Brigade: I–Account of Ops from 30 Aug to 14 Sep 44,” Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 1.
9 Reginald Roy, Sinews of Steel: The History of the British Columbia Dragoons (Kelowna, BC: Charters, 1965), 287.
10 Eric Waldron, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 21 Sept. 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 1.
11 Chris Vokes, My Story (Ottawa: Gallery Books, 1985), 165.
12 David Kinloch, correspondence with author, 23 Nov. 2000.
13 David Kinloch, interview by author, 3 April 2000, Vernon, BC.
14 Stan Scislowski, Not All of Us Were Brave (Toronto: Dundurn, 1997), 259.
15 Ibid., 260–61.
16 Ibid., 261.
17 Ibid., 262.
18 Gordon Wood, The Story of the Irish Regiment of Canada, 1939–1945 (Heerenveen, Holland: Hepkema, 1945), 42.
19 8th Princess Louise New Brunswick Hussars War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
20 Ibid.
21 Douglas How, The 8th Hussars: A History of the Regiment (Sussex, NB: Maritime Publishing, 1964), 235–39.
22 “Report on Operations, 5th Canadian Armoured Regiment (8NBH): Gothic Line to Fiumicino Rubicone, 24 Aug 44 to 13 Oct 44,” Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 1.
23 How, 233–34.
24 Ibid., 239.
25 Wood, 42–43.
26 Irish Regiment of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
27 Ibid.
28 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 29.
29 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 4.
30 Jack Letcher written account, 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria.
31 Gerry Eastman, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 14 Nov. 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 3.
32 Roy, 292.
33 Letcher written account.
34 Tom Blake, interview by Ken McLeod, n.d., Vancouver.
35 Eastman correspondence.
36 “Report by Major Colin McDougall, OC B Coy, PPCLI,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.p.
37 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 62.
38 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, 29.
39 Ibid.
40 G.R. Stevens, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, 1919–1957, vol. 3 (Griesbach, AB: Historical Committee of the Regiment, n.d.), 185.
15: A BITTER DAY
1 Eric Waldron, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 21 Sept. 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 3–4.
2 Reginald Roy, Sinews of Steel: The History of the British Columbia Dragoons (Kelowna, BC: Charters, 1965), 293.
3 Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
4 David Kinloch, correspondence with author, 23 Nov. 2000.
5 Gerry Eastman, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 14 Nov. 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 6.
6 Zeke Ferley, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 12 Nov. 1963, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, 12.
7 Roy, 293.
8 Ferley correspondence, 13.
9 Ibid.
10 Roy, 295.
11 Ferley correspondence, 14.
12 Ibid., 15–17.
13 Eastman correspondence, 14 Nov. 1962, 4.
14 Ferley correspondence, 17.
15 Ibid., 18–19.
16 Ibid., 19.
17 Ibid., 20–21.
18 David Kinloch, interview with author, 3 April 2001, Vernon, BC.
19 Kinloch correspondence.
20 R.W. Green correspondence, 11 Sept. 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 2.
21 Raymond E. Stubbs correspondence, 7 Aug. 1963, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 1.
22 Ibid.
23 Waldron correspondence, 7–8.
24 Ferley correspondence, 22.
25 Ibid., 23.
26 Ibid., 24.
27 Ibid., 26–31.
28 Gerry Eastman, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 8 March 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 6.
29 Green correspondence, 3.
30 Eastman correspondence, 8 March 1962, 3.
31 Stubbs correspondence, 2.
32 Eastman correspondence, 8 March 1962, 4.
33 Stubbs correspondence, 2.
34 Eastman correspondence, 8 March 1962, 4.
35 Roy, 303.
36 Ibid., 302.
37 Stubbs correspondence.
38 Chris Vokes, My Story (Ottawa: Gallery Books, 1985), 169.
39 Ibid.
40 Waldron correspondence, 12.
41 Kinloch correspondence.
42 Kinloch interview.
16: PURE BLOODY MURDER
1 J. M. McAvity, Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians): A Record of Achievement (Toronto: Brigdens Limited, 1947), 120–21.
2 Gerry Eastman, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 14 Nov. 1962, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 6.
3 McAvity, 120–21.
4 John Marteinson and Michael R. McNorgan, The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps: An Illustrated History (Toronto: Robin Brass Studio Inc., 2000), 210.
5 Zeke Ferley, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 12 Nov. 1963, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, 12.
6 Reginald Roy, Sinews of Steel: The History of the British Columbia Dragoons (Kelowna, BC: Charters, 1965), 305.
7 Ibid., 306.
8 Arthur Bishop, Courage on the Battlefield: Canada’s Military Heritage, vol. 2 (Toronto: McGraw Hill-Ryerson, 1993), 262.
9 Stan Scislowski, Not All of Us Were Brave (Toronto: Dundurn, 1997), 266.
10 Perth Regiment of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
11 Scislowski, 266–67.
12 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 519–20.
13 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 67.
14 Douglas Orgill, The Gothic Line: The Italian Campaign, Autumn 1944 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1967), 64–65.
15 Reginald Roy, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919–1965 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1965), 330–31.
16 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
17 Roy, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 331.
18 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 84.
19 “History—Royal Canadian Engineers, First Canadian Infantry Division: 1 August 1944–1 October 1944,” National Archives of Canada, 9.
20 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, Aug. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
21 “3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade: Account of the Operations in Italy, 29 Aug – 21 Sep 44,” National Archives of Canada, 6.
22 Ibid.
23 Allard, 85–86.
&nbs
p; 24 Scislowski, 267.
25 Ibid., 268.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid., 269.
28 Ibid.
29 McAvity, 122–24.
30 [Stafford Johnston] The Fighting Perths: The Story of the First Century in the Life of a Canadian County Regiment (Stratford, ON: Perth Regiment Veteran’s Assoc., 1964), 92.
31 Scislowski, 271.
32 Ibid., 271–72.
33 Ibid., 272.
34 [Johnston,] 92.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Gerry Eastman, correspondence with Reginald Roy, 13 June 1963, Reginald Roy Collection, Special Collections, University of Victoria, 4.
17: A GREATER SORROW
1 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, trans. Tony Poulin (Quebec City: Éditions A-B, n.d.), n.p.
2 Tony Poulin, correspondence with author, 28 Sept. 2000, 1.
3 Tony Poulin, interview by author, 10 May 2000, Ottawa.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
8 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, n.p.
9 Tony Poulin, interview.
10 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
11 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, n.p.
12 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
13 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, n.p.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Tony Poulin interview.
18 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 86–87.
19 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, n.p.
20 Ibid.
21 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
22 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, n.p.
23 Ibid.
24 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
25 Ibid.
26 Tony Poulin, 696 Heures d’enfer avec le Royal 22e Régiment, n.p.
27 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
28 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
29 Martha Gellhorn, The Face of War (London: Granta Publications, 1998), 143.
30 Ibid.
31 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
32 Alex Morrison and Ted Slaney, The Breed of Manly Men: The History of the Cape Breton Highlanders (Toronto: The Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies, 1994), 235.