by Mark Zuehlke
21 Major Roy C.H. Durnford, diary, National Archives of Canada, 82.
22 Jack Haley, interview by author, 24 Aug. 2000, Victoria, BC.
23 Basil Smith, “Memoirs of a Quarterbloke,” unpublished manuscript, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 104.
24 Ibid., 105.
25 Durnford, 83.
26 Gerry Wheeler recollections, audiotape provided by family, 2002.
27 Ibid.
28 Durnford, 84.
29 Smith, 105.
30 17th Canadian Field Regment, RCA War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 4.
31 3rd Canadian Field Regiment, RCA War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
32 Oviglio Monti, interview by author, 22 Oct. 2000, Rimini, Italy.
33 Ron Hurley, interview by author, 4 Oct. 2000, Vancouver.
34 Nicholson, 534.
25: THIS IS OUR HOUSE
1 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 95.
2 Alex Morrison and Ted Slaney, The Breed of Manly Men: The History of the Cape Breton Highlanders (Toronto: The Canadian Institute of Strategic Studies, 1994), 249.
3 HQ 11 Canadian Infantry Brigade, “The Attack on the Gothic Line and the Capture of Coriano: 30 Aug–13 Sep 44,” National Archives of Canada, 8.
4 Morrison and Slaney, 250.
5 Ibid., 252.
6 Ibid.
7 [Stafford Johnston] The Fighting Perths: The Story of the First Century in the Life of a Canadian County Regiment (Stratford, ON: Perth Regiment Veteran’s Assoc., 1964), 96–97.
8 Douglas How, The 8th Hussars: A History of the Regiment (Sussex, NB: Maritime Publishing, 1964), 265.
9 Morrison and Slaney, 252–53.
10 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: The Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada, 1966), 231.
11 Ibid.
12 Bert Hoffmeister, interview by Greenhous and McAndrew transcript, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, n.d., 100.
13 How, 265.
14 8th Princess Louise New Brunswick Hussars War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 6.
15 Kerry and McDill, 232.
16 Irish Regiment of Canada War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
17 Gordon Wood, The Story of the Irish Regiment of Canada, 1939–1945 (Heerenveen, Holland: Hepkema, 1945), 48.
18 How, 268–69.
19 Ibid., 266–67.
20 Ibid., 269–70.
21 Oviglio Monti, interview by author, 22 Oct. 2000, Rimini, Italy.
22 J.M. McAvity, Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians): A Record of Achievement (Toronto: Brigdens, 1947), 139–40.
23 Westminster (Motorized) Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
24 J.E. Oldfield, The Westminsters’ War Diary: An Unofficial History of the Westminster Regiment (Motor) in World War II (New Westminster, BC: n.p., 1964), 123.
25 McAvity, 140.
26 Oldfield, 124.
27 McAvity, 140–41.
28 Stacey, 96–97.
29 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 535.
30 “The Battle of Rimini from German telephone logs and War Diaries,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 52.
31 Nicholson, 536.
32 Ibid., 536–37.
26: A CAREFULLY COORDINATED PLAN
1 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 100.
2 “Olive: The Battle for the Gothic Line and the Advance into the Po Valley: I Canadian Corps Narrative of Events,” National Archives of Canada, 10.
3 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 537.
4 Chris Vokes, Operations 1st Canadian Infantry Division, “The Gothic Line—Phase Five: The Crossing of the T Marano–The Battle for S. Lorenzo and S. Fortunato Features–The Capture of Rimini,” National Archives of Canada, 16–17.
5 Ibid., 16–18.
6 Robert Tooley, Invicta: The Carleton and York Regiment in the Second World War (Fredericton, NB: New Ireland Press, 1989), 273.
7 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 16.
8 Tooley, 274.
9 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 88–89.
10 Ibid., 89.
11 Ibid.
12 “Royal 22e Regiment account: Part Two–Crossing of the Marano,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
13 Tony Poulin, correspondence with author, 23 Feb. 2001, n.p.
14 Tony Poulin, interview by author, 10 May 2000, Ottawa.
15 Poulin correspondence, 23 Feb. 2001.
16 Henri Tellier, “Account by Major H. Tellier, OC ‘A’ Company R22e Regiment,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1.
17 Poulin correspondence, 23 Feb. 2001.
18 Tellier, “Account by Major H. Tellier, OC ‘A’ Company R22e Regiment,” 1.
19 Ibid.
20 Poulin interview, 10 May 2000.
21 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
22 Ibid.
23 Allard, 89.
24 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
25 Ibid.
26 Allard, 89.
27 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
28 West Nova Scotia Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 “3 Canadian Infantry Brigade, Account of Operations in Italy: 29 Aug–21 Sep 44,” National Archives of Canada, 10.
33 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 16.
34 “3 Canadian Infantry Brigade, Account of Operations in Italy: 29 Aug–21 Sep 44,” 10.
35 Ibid.
36 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part Two: Battle for Rimini,” National Archives of Canada, 13.
37 Allard, 90.
38 Ibid.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Stacey, 105.
42 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 9.
27: LITTLE REASON FOR IT
1 West Nova Scotia Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
2 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part Two: Battle for Rimini,” National Archives of Canada, 13.
3 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 17.
4 Ibid.
5 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
6 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, 17.
7 West Nova Scotia Regiment War Diary, n.p.
8 “The West Nova Scotia Regiment, Part Two: Battle for Rimini,” 14.
9 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
10 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 91.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., 91–92.
14 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
15 Allard, 92.
16 Ibid.
17 Thomas H. Raddall, West Novas: A History of the West Nova Scotia Regiment (n.p., 1947), 228.
18 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” D
epartment of National Defence, n.d., 109–110.
19 “Battle History 1 Canadian Infantry Brigade 25 Aug to 19 Oct 44,” National Archives of Canada, 20.
20 Ibid.
21 I Canadian Corps (GS Branch) War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 7.
22 Ibid., 111.
23 Allard, 93.
24 Stacey, 112.
25 Reginald Roy, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919–1965 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1969), 334.
26 “Royal 22e Regiment account: Part Three–Battle of the San Martino Ridge,” National Archives of Canada, 2.
27 Allard, 94.
28 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
29 Roy, 335.
30 Jack Haley, interview by author, 24 Aug. 2000, Victoria, BC.
31 Ibid.
32 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
33 Haley interview.
34 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
35 Kim Beattie, Dileas: History of the 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1929–1956 (Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1957), 650.
36 48th Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 11.
37 Ibid.
38 Beattie, 652–53.
39 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 10.
40 Beattie, 653.
41 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
42 J. Milton Gregg, correspondence with author, Oct. 2001.
43 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, n.p.
44 Gordon Potts, “Battle Narrative: 14 Sep–22 Sep 44, The Royal Canadian Regiment,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1.
45 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, n.p.
46 G.R. Stevens, The Royal Canadian Regiment, vol. 2, 1933–1966 (London, ON: London Printing, 1967), 157.
47 Strome Galloway, A Regiment at War: The Story of the Royal Canadian Regiment, 1939–1945 (Royal Canadian Regiment, 1979), 163.
48 Strome Galloway, Sicily to the Siegfried Line: Being Some Random Memories and a Diary of 1944–1945 (Kitchener, ON: Arnold Press, n.d.), 22.
49 Strome Galloway, Sicily to the Siegfried Line, 22.
28: TO THE LAST MAN
1 Tony Poulin, interview by author, 10 May 2000, Ottawa.
2 Ibid.
3 Jean V. Allard, The Memoirs of General Jean V. Allard (Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1988), 93.
4 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
5 Poulin interview.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
9 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 15.
10 Ibid., 16.
11 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
12 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
13 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, 17.
14 Poulin interview.
15 Allard, 93.
16 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
17 Ibid.
18 G.R. Stevens, Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry: 1919–1957, vol. 3 (Griesbach, AB: Historical Committee of the Regiment, n.d.), 192.
19 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
20 Poulin interview.
21 Royal 22e Regiment War Diary, n.p.
22 Ibid.
23 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 112.
24 Seaforth Highlanders of Canada War Diary, n.p.
25 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 10.
26 Charles Monroe Johnson, Action with the Seaforths (New York: Vantage Press, 1954), 319.
27 Ibid., 320–21.
28 Reginald Roy, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919–1965 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1969), 338.
29 Ibid., 338–39.
30 Syd Thomson, interview by author, 27 May 2000, Salmon Arm, BC.
31 Ibid.
32 Ibid.
33 Thomson interview.
34 Roy, 339.
35 Johnson, 321.
36 Kim Beattie, Dileas: History of the 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1929–1956 (Toronto: 48th Highlanders of Canada, 1957), 654–58.
37 Strome Galloway, Sicily to the Siegfried Line: Being Some Random Memories and a Diary of 1944–1945 (Kitchener, ON: Arnold Press, n.d.), 22.
38 J.T.B. Quayle, In Action: A Personal Account of the Italian and Netherlands Campaigns of WW II (Abbotsford, BC: Blue Stone, 1997), 199.
39 Ibid.
40 Thomson interview.
41 Beattie, 656–57.
42 West Nova Scotia Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
43 Chris Vokes, My Story (Ottawa: Gallery Books, 1985), 170–71.
44 E.L.M. Burns, General Mud: Memoirs of Two World Wars (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1970), 202.
45 Ibid., 202.
46 Stacey, 117–18.
29: GOING TO BLEED YOU
1 Reginald Roy, The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, 1919–1965 (Vancouver: Evergreen Press, 1969), 340.
2 Douglas Orgill, The Gothic Line: The Italian Campaign, Autumn 1944, (New York: W.W. Norton, Inc, 1967), 137.
3 Col. C.P. Stacey, “Report No. 187 Historical Section Canadian Military Headquarters: Operations of 1 CDN Corps, 4 Jun 44 to 24 Sep 44—The Breaking of the Gothic Line and the Capture of Rimini,” Department of National Defence, n.d., 114–15.
4 Roy, 340–41.
5 John Dougan, “Account Given to Historical Officer on 11 Oct 44,” Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 1.
6 John Dougan, interview by author, 9 Oct. 2000, Victoria, BC.
7 Ibid.
8 Dougan, “Account Given to Historical Officer on 11 Oct 44,” 2.
9 Dougan, interview by author.
10 Dougan, “Account Given to Historical Officer on 11 Oct 44,” 2.
11 Dougan, interview by author.
12 Dougan, “Account Given to Historical Officer on 11 Oct 44,” 2.
13 Dougan, interview by author.
14 Dougan, “Account Given to Historical Officer on 11 Oct 44,” 2.
15 G.R. Stevens, A City Goes to War (Brampton, ON: Charters, 1964), 314.
16 John Alpine Dougan, interview by Tom Torrie, 27 July 1989, University of Victoria Special Collections.
17 Ibid.
18 Dougan, interview by author.
19 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 19.
20 Tony Poulin, interview by author, 10 May 2000, Ottawa.
21 Pat Crofton, interview by Ken McLeod, n.d., Vancouver.
22 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, 19.
23 Crofton interview.
24 Ibid.
25 Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry War Diary, 20.
26 Carleton and York Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 11.
27 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 548.
28 Carleton and York Regiment War Diary, 12.
29 Nicholson, 551.
30 Ibid.
31 48th Highlanders of Canada War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 13.
32 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
33 J. Milton Gregg, correspondence with author, Oct. 2001.
34 J.T.B. Quayle, In Action: A Personal Account of the Italian and Netherlands Campaigns of WW II (Abbotsford, BC: Blue Stone, 1997),
200.
35 Ted Shuter, correspondence with author, 27 Mar. 2001.
36 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, n.p.
37 Ted Shuter, correspondence with author.
38 48th Highlanders of Canada War Diary, 13.
39 Carleton and York Regiment War Diary, 12.
40 A.J. Kerry and W.A. McDill, History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers, vol. 2 (Ottawa: The Military Engineers Assoc. of Canada, 1966), 235.
41 Ibid., 236.
42 Stacey, 120.
43 Lt. Col. D.C. Cameron, “The Battle for San Fortunato Ridge,” The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment, Canadian Army Overseas, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2.
44 Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
45 Farley Mowat, The Regiment, 2nd ed. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1973), 226.
30: WE’LL ALL BE HEROES
1 Lt. Col. D.C. Cameron, “The Battle for San Fortunato Ridge,” The Hastings and Prince Edward Regiment, Canadian Army Overseas, Directorate of History, Department of National Defence, 2–3.
2 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” National Archives of Canada, 11.
3 Cameron, “The Battle for San Fortunato Ridge,” 3.
4 Ibid.
5 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” 11.
6 Farley Mowat, The Regiment, 2nd ed. (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1973), 227.
7 Cameron, “The Battle for San Fortunato Ridge,” 3.
8 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” 11.
9 Cameron, “The Battle for San Fortunato Ridge,” 3.
10 Ibid., 2.
11 Ibid., 3.
12 3rd Canadian Infantry Brigade War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, 20.
13 “21st Tank Brigade (British) report on 1 CID support at Gothic Line,” 11.
14 G.W.L. Nicholson, The Canadians in Italy: 1943–1945, vol. 2 (Ottawa: Queen’s Printer, 1956), 553.
15 “Phase Five: The Crossing of the T Marano–The Battle for S. Lorenzo and S. Fortunato Features–The Capture of Rimini,” National Archives of Canada, 19.
16 Ibid., 554.
17 J. Milton Gregg, correspondence with author, Oct. 2001.
18 Ibid.
19 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, Sept. 1944, National Archives of Canada, n.p.
20 Ted Shuter, correspondence with author, 27 Mar. 2001.
21 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, n.p.
22 Shuter correspondence.
23 Royal Canadian Regiment War Diary, n.p.