The Hindustan Times, January 26, 1959.
Rajinder Puri, India: The Wasted Years (New Delhi: Chetana Publications, 1975).
Sunday Standard, article by Nayantara Sahgal, November 23, 1969.
Sunday Standard, article by Nayantara Sahgal, December 21, 1969.
5. The New Congress Reveals Its Style—1970
Kuldip Nayar, India After Nehru (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1975).
News conference, December 29, 1979.
6. The Midterm Election
Balraj Madhok, Murder of Democracy (New Delhi: S. Chand and Co. Pvt. Ltd, Ram Nagar, 1973).
7. ‘The New Dawn’
N.A. Palkhivala, Our Constitution Defaced and Defiled (New Delhi: Macmillan, 1974).
For a full account of the Nagarwala case, see Rajinder Puri, India: The Wasted Years (New Delhi: Chetana Publications, 1975).
Amnesty International Report published in the Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. IX, No. 38, September 24, 1974.
9. Rhetoric and Reality
E.N. Mangat Rai, Patterns of Administrative Development in Independent India (University of London: The Athlone Press, 1976).
10. Jayaprakash Narayan
Ajit Bhattacharjea, Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1975).
Lakshmi Narain Lal, Jayaprakash: Rebel Extraordinary (New Delhi: Indian Book Company, 1975).
Article by Jayaprakash Narayan entitled ‘Incentives to Goodness’ in Freedom First, a journal of the Democratic Research Services, September 1952, its ideas amplified in a speech to the First Asian Socialist Conference in Rangoon, Burma, January 1953.
11. The Bihar Movement—1974
JP’s statement reproduced from JP on Bihar: A Citizen Action Pamphlet (299 Shantashram, Nana Chowk, Bombay: Govindrao Deshpande).
Ajit Bhattacharjea, Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1975).
Nayantara Sahgal, Everyman’s Weekly, April 1975.
J.D. Sethi, Tribune, November 15, 1974.
G.S. Bhargava, Everyman’s Weekly, December 1, 1974.
The Indian Express, article by Nayantara Sahgal, November 1974.
12. January to June 1975
R.V.P. Sinha’s remarks made to a newspaperman after L.N. Mishra’s death, reported in the Indian Express, January 1975.
J.D. Sethi in Everyman’s Weekly, February 23, 1975.
Nayantara Sahgal, ‘The Return of Satyagraha’, the Indian Express, March 6, 1975.
Interview reproduced in the Indian Express, May 1975.
Political Role of the Army in Developing Countries, printed by Tarun Sengupta, New Age Printing Press, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi-110055, and published by him for the Communist Party of India, Ajoy Bhavan, Kotla Marg, New Delhi-110001, 1974.
Ibid, page 13.
Ibid, page 20.
Ibid, page 22.
The Indian Express, March 24, 1975.
13. The Flowering of a Style
Anthony Lukas, ‘India Is as Indira Does’, New York Times Magazine, April 4, 1976.
Sheikh Abdullah’s speech reported by Press Trust of India (PTI) on October 19, 1975.
From the statement of Ram Jethmalani, chairman of the Bar Council of India, before a House of Congress subcommittee on international relations in September 1976. Jethmalani had sought and received political asylum in the United States.
Letter circulated via the underground protest movement in India.
Letter circulated via the underground protest movement in India.
16. The Janata Government Assists Mrs Gandhi’s Return
In a letter to the author dated July 26/27, 1977.
Home Minister Charan Singh speaking in the Lok Sabha.
Shah Commission of Inquiry, Interim Report I, printed by the Manager, Government of India Press, Ring Road, New Delhi110064, and published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110054, 1978, Chapter I, page 1.
Ibid, Interim Report II, Chapter XV, page 141.
Shah Commission of Inquiry, Interim Report II, Chapter XV, page 141.
Economic & Political Weekly, June 14–21, 1980.
This account is taken from Arun Shourie’s article, ‘Sloth, Lunacy or Conspiracy’, the Indian Express, June 28, 1979, based on departmental records of the CBI, the IB and the finance ministry.
17. The President Confers a Bonus
Raj Krishna,‘Performance of the Economy-III’, the Times of India, January 12, 1979.
18. ‘A Dynamic Manufacturer’
Economic & Political Weekly, September 6, 1980.
Shah Commission of Inquiry, Interim Report I, Chapter V, page 24.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Maruti Affairs, printed by the manager, Government of India Press, Ring Road, New Delhi-110064, and published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi-110006, 1979, Chapter X, page 141.
Ibid, W.H.F. Muller’s affidavit affirmed on December 16, 1977, page 15.
Statements made by W.H.F. Muller under Section 131 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, on January 23 and February 3, 1978. Copies of these statements were brought on the record of the Commission of Inquiry on Maruti Affairs, page 77 of the report.
Completing the Picture
Peter J. Conradi, Iris: The Life of Iris Murdoch (New York: W.W. Norton, 2002), page 58.
Ibid, page 75.
Index
Abdullah, Sheikh, 245–46
Aggarwal, D.C., 330
Ahmed, Fakhruddin Ali, 70, 150, 203, 334
Ahmedabad, Congress of 1969 in, 78
Alliance (news syndicate), 122
All India Congress Committee (AICC), 69, 77–78, 90
All-India Lawyers’ Conference, 356
All India Radio (AIR), 96–97
All India Students’ Federation, 199
Amnesty International, 133
Anand Bhawan, 20, 35–36, 39, 44–48
Anand Marg, 181, 229
Annadorai, 199
Asia Magazine (periodical), 58
Assam, 335, 359
atrocities, 132–33, 185, 196–98
Bachchan, Mrs Harivansh Rai (Teji), 375
Badenweiler (Germany), 36–37, 72
Bahuguna, H.N., 153–54, 195, 281
Banerjee, Sivadas, 176
Banerji, Purnima, 24
Bangladesh, 124, 126, 129–32, 197–98, 369
Banks, 69–70, 74–75, 79, 354, 371–72
in the Nagarwala affair, 123–26
Supreme Court orders and, 74, 89
Barooah, D.K., 183, 240, 243, 252, 262–63
Basu, Jyotirmoy, 93–94, 195
Bengal Province, 55–56, 132, 151
Bhargava, G.S., 189
Bhattacharjea, Ajit, 155, 161
Bhushan, Shashi, 76
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 304
Bidhan Nagar, Congress session of 1972 at, 147–49
Birla, K.K., 84, 144–45
black money, 101, 141, 191, 200, 204, 359
Bombay, rival Congress session of 1969 in, 78
Bombay state, division of, 4
Brahmins, Kashmiri, 94–95, 247
Brezhnev, Leonid, 197, 251, 289
British Broadcasting Company (BBC), Mrs Gandhi’s closure of, 92
Central Parliamentary Board, 1
Chamber of Commerce, 249
Chanda Committee, 96–97
Chandrasekher, 141, 155, 211, 227
Chaudhury, M.M., 118
Chavan, Y.B., 75, 148, 281–83, 319–20
Chinese–Indian relations, 12, 44, 128, 290, 325
Chopra, Anil, 194
Citizens for Democracy, 168
civil service, 57, 87, 96, 136, 309, 312
communism and communists, 4–5, 16, 44, 55, 67, 75
constitutional amendments influenced by, 117
in Mrs Gandhi’s cabinet, 88
Mrs Gandhi’s government’s support from, 74, 85, 92
Narayan and, 162–63
and street demo
nstrations in 1969, 71
Communist Party of India (CPI), 16, 45, 74, 85, 129–33, 163, 376
arson charges against, 171
attacks on Bihar Movement by, 183, 190–91
Congress alliance with, 141, 171, 197
criticism of Mrs Gandhi by members of, 139–40
Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI -M ), 1 6, 131–34, 194–96, 198, 357, 376
Congress for Democracy, 49, 274
Congress Forum for Socialist Action, 141
Congress-I party, 293, 296–97, 301, 314, 320, 344, 353–55, 368
Congress Parliamentary Board, Bangalore meeting of, 69–70, 86
Congress Parliamentary Party, 13, 142, 155, 181, 224, 282, 286
Congress party, the, 1–2, 46, 51, 65, 371
Congress Socialist Party, 66, 163–64
Congress split of 1969, 63–67, 71–72, 75–76, 81–82, 85, 371–72
Congress Working Committee, 1, 25, 75
constitutional amendments, 114–15, 117, 238, 298, 357
constitutional law, 321
cooperative cultivation concept, 67
court actions and rulings, 74, 89, 105–07, 219–21, 233, 236–38
Cripps, Sir Stafford, 40 criticism of Mrs Gandhi, 75–77, 136–40, 204–05
for currency devaluation, 15
during economic crisis of 1972, 146–48
during election of 1971, 100–02
by Nijalingappa, 75
no-confidence motion of 1970 and, 95
for official favouritism to Sanjay, 143–45
for rivalries within the government, 138–43
for street demonstrations, 74, 76–77, 113
Current (periodical), 125
Czechoslovakia, 61–62
Dandavate, Madhu, 343
Dange, S.A., 361
Dar, Rita, 294
Das, Durga, 122
Das, Seth Govind, 202
Decade of Achievement 1966–75, 265
decentralization (Panchayat Raj), 176
Dehradun, 45, 50, 379
Dehradun District Jail, 30
Delhi, rival AICC sessions of
1969 in, 78
Delhi Municipal Corporation, takeover of, 177
Democratic World (periodical), 244
Desai, Hitendra, 245
Desai, Kanti, 200
Desai, Morarji, 10–12, 17, 51, 69–70, 200
as Mrs Gandhi’s opponent, 214, 217–18
as prime minister, 300, 302, 310, 312, 319–322
devaluation, 15
Dhar, D.P., 95, 142
Dhar, P.N., 339
Dharia, Mohan, 155, 190, 211–13, 224, 269
Dhavan, S.S., in praise of Soviet legal and political system, 89
Dhawan, R.K., 339
Dhebar, U.N., 2
dictatorship, x, 197–98, 227–33
brutality during, 252–58
court exoneration of Mrs Gandhi during, 238
disasters during, 265–66
economic trends during, 266
labour trends during, 266–67
language as tool of, 262
popular feeling towards, 269–70
resistance of state governments during, 240–41
suppression during, 242–44, 253–54, 260–61
unsubstantiated charges by Mrs Gandhi during, 229–33
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), 241
Drieberg, Trevor, 60, 65, 117–18, 372
Dubey, Suman, 265
Dutt, R.C., 121
Economic and Political Weekly (periodical), 325, 345
economic crisis of 1972, 146–52
economic policies of Mrs Gandhi’s government, 15, 67, 79–80, 135, 146
banking nationalization, 69–71, 74–75, 79, 371–72
insurance programmes, 79
monopolistic practices, 144–46
Ten-Point Programme, 69–70, 78
Twenty-Point Programme, 229
economic trends, 266, 271, 315–18
educational reform, 170
elections to Congress party in 1968, 59
fraudulent, 102–08, 219–20, 225
of Mrs Gandhi to Congress presidency, 2–3, 371
of Mrs Gandhi to Raebareli 15
growing voter awareness in, 268–69, 278–79
of Husain as President, 43
in Kerala 1960, 4
of 1957, 53
of 1966, 13
of 1967, 8, 11, 15–16, 51, 55
of 1971, 96, 98–112, 192
of 1975, 193, 202, 278
of 1977, x, 199, 268–69, 368
for presidency, 1969, 68–70, 73–75
of Shastri as prime minister, 10
for state assemblies, 118, 131–32, 135
of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, 6, 13–14
electoral pacts, 97, 132, 134
Emergency, the, ix–x, 252, 262, 267
arrests during, 234, 252–60
civil unrest prior to, 170–96, 213–15, 222–23
consolidation of power during, 238–47
JP’s charges during, 233–38
political opposition prior to, 195–203, 205–19, 223–27
proclamation of, 228
Sanjay Gandhi’s role during, 247–52
statements of Mrs Gandhi on, 230–32, 264–65
Evening News (newspaper), 144
Everyman’s (newspaper), 189, 239
Faridabad Congress session, 65, 67
farm policies, 66–67, 146, 150–51
Fernandes, Alice, 254
Fernandes brothers, 254–57
Fernandes, George, 254–55, 271, 277, 315
food monopoly, 149–51
Free Press Journal (newspaper), 164
Friedan, Betty, 369
funds of Mrs Gandhi’s party, 100–01
Gandhi, Feroze (husband), 15, 24, 32–36, 42, 376–78
Gandhi, Indira
arrest and trial of, 300, 304–07
assassination of, 368, 379–80
authoritarian tactics of, ix, 274–77, 280–92, 296, 355–56, 363–67
childhood of, 18, 20–21, 28–30
corruption verdict against, 220
education of, 28–30, 34, 72, 376–77
health problems of, 1, 3, 5
imprisonment of, 22–27
insecurity of, 156–57, 188, 351, 366
lifestyle of, 374
marital difficulties of, 1, 32–36, 377–78
and mother’s illness, 21, 28, 30, 33, 36, 38, 373
motherhood role of, 6, 329–30, 376
Nehru’s appraisal of, 31–32
as Nehru’s companion and hostess, 1, 9
Nehru’s death and, 1, 6, 10–11, 370
Nehru’s reaction to fiancé of, 34
Oxford schooling of, 30, 34, 72–73
Mrs Pandit and, 5–7, 13–14, 42–46, 48–50
parents of, 28, 36, 38–39
parliamentary condemnation of, 224–25
personal courage of, 44
personality of, 6, 9, 19–21, 28, 30, 42
political aptitude of, 117–18
pretensions of, 204–06, 211, 225–26, 250–51
public unfamiliarity with, 6, 19
religious renewal of, 50, 346–49
Sanjay’s death and, 50
self-esteem of, 18–19
sense of humour, 375–76
Swiss schooling of, 29–30, 72
See also dictatorship; Mrs Gandhi’s ministry, the; political career of Mrs Gandhi
Gandhi, Mahatma, 20, 21, 34, 71, 73, 78, 99
arrest of, 165
Champaran campaign of, 159
CPI party and, 129, 166 influence on Bihar Movement by, 185–88
Gandhi, Maneka (daughter-in-law), 50, 295, 350, 360
Mrs Gandhi’s ministry, the Bihar Movement and, 175, 181–82
changing nature of, 54–55
charges of election fraud against, 102–09
Chinese relations during, 12
8
civil service and, 57, 119, 136
closing of foreign information centres by, 91–92
commitment ideology of, 73, 87–88, 309
communist support to, 71, 74, 85, 92, 117, 141
confiscations by, 115
corruption in, 101, 123–26, 194–96
democratic processes and, 58–62, 64, 75, 89–91, 368
devaluation and, 15, 18
first term of, 13, 56
fundamental rights during, 115–16, 123
growing unity of opposition to, 192, 194, 198–203, 213–14
ideology of, 98–99, 111
JP’s opposition to, 168–84, 186–87, 189
lack of direction within, 119
Maruti car project during, 143–44
midterm elections of 1971 and, 98, 111–13
moderate government elements and, 66
morality of, 82, 91, 101
movement for resignation of, 224–25
Nagarwala affair of, 123–26
old guard and, 59, 63–68, 72, 75–76, 80–82, 111, 363–64
opponents of, 60, 86–87, 95–96, 132–34, 213
organized terror by, 74–78, 132–34
Pakistani war and, 128–29
party members’ dislike of, 68, 86–87, 134
personal rule during, 81–84, 135–40, 142–43
personality cult of,72,75,186
political dismissals during, 154–56
poverty programmes and, 135, 362
presidential election of 1969 and, 67–68, 73–75
press controls during, 119–23
press relations of, 60–61, 63–64
privy purse issue during, 89–91, 114, 376
reaction to criticism by, 59, 85
reconciliation efforts of, 211–13
return of, 293, 312–14
revolt against, 136–43, 152–53, 168–91
rivalries of, 138–41
Sanjay Gandhi and, 49–50, 84, 144–45 (see also Gandhi, Sanjay)
after Sanjay’s death, 351–67
Sikkim incorporation during, 128
socialist sentiments of, 11, 51, 83, 378
state government control by, 117–19, 138–40
street demonstrations of, 71, 74–77, 81, 113, 221–24
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