22 IWM, 06/12/1.
FIVE
1 IWM, 94/37/1.
2 PRO AIR, 14/2221.
3 Eric Woods, While Others Slept, Woodfield 2001, pp. 57–8.
4 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. IV, pp. 128–9.
5 Slessor, op cit, p. 371.
6 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. IV, pp. 135–41.
7 ibid, vol. IV, pp. 194–5.
8 Gibson, op cit, p. 195.
9 Slessor, op cit, p. 389.
10 PRO AIR, 21/5. The pilot appealed the verdict and his accuser was killed in action before the appeal came to court.
11 Slessor, op cit, p. 367.
12 John Patrick Dobson, unpublished memoir, IWM, 92/2/1.
SIX
1 Johnson, op cit, pp. 150–151.
2 Arthur Harris, Bomber Offensive, Pen and Sword 2005, pp. 88–9.
3 Currie, op cit, p. 91.
4 Interview with author.
5 IWM sound archive, 20926.
6 IWM, 88/22/2.
7 Henry Probert, Bomber Harris, Greenhill 2003, p. 204.
8 Wood, op cit.
9 Harris, op cit, p. 83.
10 ibid, p. 85.
11 ibid, p. 105.
12 Quoted in Frederick Taylor, Dresden, Bloomsbury 2005, p. 143.
13 Harris, op cit, p. 107.
14 James Fyfe, The Great Ingratitude, GC Book Publishers 1993, p. 323.
15 Frow, unpublished memoir, RAF Museum.
16 IWM sound archive, 2897/03.
17 IWM sound archive, 9378/5/2.
18 IWM, 98/7/1.
19 IWM sound archive, 007298/04.
20 IWM, 99/14/1.
SEVEN
1 Quoted in Anja vom Stein, Unser Köln. Erinnerungen 1910–1960. Erzählte Geschichte, Sutton Verlag, pp. 111, 116–18.
2 ibid.
3 ibid.
4 ibid.
5 R. M. Ellscheid, Erinnerungen von 1896–1987, Stadt Köln, 1988.
6 Quoted in Martin Rüther, Köln im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Alltag und Erfahrungen zwischen 1939 und 1945, Emons 2005.
7 Quoted in Bernd Haunfelder and Markus Schmitz, Humanität und Diplomatie. Die Schweiz in Köln, Aschendorff Münster, pp. 202–3.
8 Stein, op cit.
9 ibid.
10 ibid.
11 Heinz Pettenberg, Starke Verbände im Anflug auf Köln. Eine Kriegschronik in Tagebuchnotizen 1939–1945, Verlag JP Bachem 1981, pp. 162–8.
12 Quoted in Hans-Willi Hermans, Köln im Bombenkrieg 1942–1945, Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2004, pp. 30, 32.
13 Hans Sester, Als Junge im sogenannten Dritten Reich, H-A Herchen Verlag 1986, pp. 47–52.
14 Martin Rüther, op cit.
15 Pettenberg, op cit.
16 Dr P. Simon, Köln im Luftkrieg. Ein Tatsachenbericht über Fliegeralarme und Fliegerangriffe, Köln 1954.
17 Stein, op cit.
18 Die geheinem Lageberichte des Sicherheitsdienst der SS, 1938–45, ed. Heinz Boberach, Herrsching 1984, vol. 14.
19 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. IV, p. 310.
EIGHT
1 Johnson, op cit, p.165.
2 Newman, op cit.
3 IWM, 74/93/1.
4 IWM, 88/22/2.
5 IWM, 93/5/1.
6 IWM sound archive, 209/23/2.
7 IWM, 85/6/1.
8 Hull, op cit.
9 IWM sound archive, 20926.
10 Newman, op cit.
11 Johnson, op cit.
12 IWM, 67/281/1.
13 IWM sound archive, 20917.
14 Yates, op cit, p. 90.
15 IWM, 209147.
16 IWM, 67/281/1.
17 ibid.
18 IWM sound archive, 8901/16/14.
19 IWM, 98/30/1.
20 IWM, 88/47/1.
21 Johnson, op cit, pp. 191–3, 173–4.
22 Parliamentary Debates, Commons, vol. 380, pp. 178–9.
23 ibid, vol. 385, p. 685.
24 ibid, vol. 388, p.155.
25 Quoted in Max Hastings, Bomber Command, p. 177.
26 Parliamentary Debates, Lords, vol. 130, pp. 737–46.
27 Parliamentary Debates, Commons, vol. 380, p. 1378.
28 Parliamentary Debates, Lords, vol. 130, pp. 748–9.
29 The Secret Beast, quoted in Fyfe, op cit, p. 216.
30 IWM, 88/31/1.
31 Correspondence of Rev. G. Martin, IWM, 93/48/2.
32 IWM sound archive, 2164.
33 Martha Gellhorn, The Face of War, p. 166.
34 IWM sound archive, 2170.
35 Terence Rattigan, Flare Path, Hamish Hamilton 1942.
36 Currie, op cit, p. 130.
NINE
1 Charlwood, op cit, p. 90.
2 IWM sound archive, 20923/2.
3 IWM, 88/22/2.
4 Johnson, op cit, p. 177.
5 IWM, 80/46/1.
6 Charlwood, op cit, p. 111.
7 Flying Personnel Research Committee, 412 (f) 17.
8 Charlwood, op cit, p. 32.
9 IWM sound archive, 20923/2.
10 Yates, p. 125.
11 Gibson, op cit, p. 174.
12 IWM, 92/29/1.
13 Yates, op cit, p. 101.
14 IWM sound archive, 20926.
15 Woods, op cit.
16 Newman, op cit.
17 John Pudney, Ten Summers: Poems 1933–43, Bodley Head 1944, p. 48.
18 Willie Lewis, unpublished memoir, IWM, 67/28/1.
19 ibid.
20 IWM, 67/281/1.
21 IWM, 92/29/1.
22 IWM sound archive, 11587/4.
23 Quoted in Theo Boiten, Nachtjagd, The Crowood Press 1997. Pietrek claimed three crewmen managed to bale out successfully. The incident does not appear in British records.
24 IWM, 67/281/1.
25 IWM, 20929/2.
26 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. IV, p. 433.
27 IWM, 94/37/1.
28 Johnson, op cit, p. 166.
29 IWM, 94/37/1.
30 IWM sound archive, 20926/2.
31 Charlwood, op cit, p. 44.
32 IWM sound archive, 20923/2.
33 Johnson, op cit, pp. 175–6.
34 IWM, 67/28/1.
35 Currie, op cit, p. 97.
36 IWM, 88/47/1.
37 IWM, 92/10/1.
38 Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, Das Deutsche Reich und der II Weltskrieg, vol. 9.
39 PRO WO 235/153.
40 IWM, 98/31/1.
41 Yates, op cit, p. 122.
42 Currie, op cit, p. 86.
TEN
1 IWM, 94/37/1.
2 IWM, 88/22/2.
3 IWM sound archive, 007372/04/02.
4 IWM, 67/281/1.
5 Newman, op cit.
6 IWM, 67/28/1.
7 Interview with author.
8 IWM sound archive, 007372/04/02.
9 Charlwood, op cit, p. 121.
10 IWM, 88/22/2.
11 IWM, 92/29/1.
12 IWM, 94/37/1.
13 Interview with author.
14 IWM sound archive, 007373/04/02.
15 Newman, op cit.
16 The Second World War Letters of G. J. Hull, Imperial War Museum Department of Documents.
17 IWM, 67/281/1.
18 IWM sound archive, 007298/04.
19 IWM sound archive, 007372/04/02.
20 Interview with author.
21 IWM, 67/28/1.
22 Charlwood, op cit, p. 53.
23 Newman, op cit.
24 IWM, 94/37/1.
25 Frow, op cit.
26 IWM, 67/28/1.
27 IWM, 88/22/2.
28 Charlwood, op cit.
ELEVEN
1 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. IV, p. 155.
2 PRO AIR, 14/3507.
3 Quoted in John Terraine, The Right of the Line, Hodder & Stoughton 1985, p. 547.
4 Harris, op cit, p. 176.
5 IWM sound archive, 209182.
6 Webster and Frankland,
op cit, vol. II, pp. 201–2.
7 Harris, op cit, p. 187.
8 Interview with author.
9 The Berlin Diaries of Marie Vassiltchikov, The Folio Society, London 1991, pp. 97–9.
10 Hans-Georg von Studnitz, Diarium der Jahre 1943–45, pp. 137–9.
11 Hans-Dieter Schäfer, Berlin im Zweiten Weltkrieg, pp. 144–59.
12 PRO, Bang On, 31 December 1943.
13 Freeman Dyson, Disturbing the Universe, pp. 19–20.
14 Interview with author.
15 Noble Frankland, The Bombing Offensive Against Germany, p. 72.
TWELVE
1 Interview with author.
2 IWM, 94/37/1.
3 Gibson, op cit, p. 127.
4 IWM, 88/22/2.
5 Frow, op cit.
6 Charlwood, op cit, p. 63.
7 IWM, 67/281/1.
8 Letters of Edwin Thomas, IWM Department of Documents.
9 Interview with author.
10 IWM sound archive, 209/23/2.
11 Terraine, op cit, p. 527.
12 IWM sound archive, 8901/16/9.
13 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. IV, p. 445.
14 Jonathan Falconer, Bomber Command Handbook, Sutton Publishing 2003, p. 51.
15 Hampton, op cit, p. 263.
16 Dyson, op cit, p. 21.
17 Martin Middlebrook, The Berlin Raids, Cassell 1988, p. 378.
18 Newman, op cit, p. 110.
19 Dyson, op cit, pp. 25–6.
20 Newman, op cit, p. 70.
21 ibid, p. 184.
22 IWM, 88/22/2.
23 Gibson, op cit, p. 273.
24 Interview with author.
25 Yates, op cit, p. 227.
26 Flying Personnel Research Committee, p. 10.
27 IWM sound archive, 20718/5.
28 IWM sound archive, 8901/16/9.
29 Interview with author.
30 IWM sound archive, 20718/5.
THIRTEEN
1 IWM, 92/29/1.
2 Currie, op cit, p. 114.
3 See Allan D.English, ‘A Predisposition to Cowardice? Aviation Psychology and the Genesis of “Lack of Moral Fibre” ‘, War and Society, vol. 13, no. 1, May 1995.
4 PRO AIR, 2/8591, AM Pamphlet 100.
5 PRO, Symonds and Williams, Investigation of Psychological Disorders in Flying Personnel, FPRC 412(f).
6 ibid.
7 IWM sound archive, 20718/5.
8 Dyson, op cit, pp. 23–4.
9 Currie, op cit, p. 139.
10 PRO AIR, 2.
11 English, op cit, p. 26.
12 Mark K. Wells, Courage and Air Warfare, Frank Cass 2000, p. 204.
13 PRO Air Ministry memo, 1 March 1945, S 61141/S7(d).
14 Lawson memorandum, RAF Air Historical Branch.
15 Quoted in Wells, op cit, p. 200.
16 Johnson, op cit, p. 246.
17 Currie, op cit, p. 136.
18 Interview with author.
19 PRO AIR.
20 PRO AIR.
21 Flying Personnel Research Committee, op cit.
22 IWM, 94/37/1.
23 Wells, op cit, p. 205.
FOURTEEN
1 Dyson, op cit, p. 19.
2 Hull, op cit.
3 IWM, 92/29/1.
4 IWM, 88/22/2.
5 Charlwood, op cit, p. 54.
6 IWM, 80/46/1.
7 Newman, op cit.
8 Woods, op cit.
9 IWM, 85/6/1.
10 IWM, 94/37/1.
11 IWM, 92/29/1.
12 IWM, 74/93/1.
13 Charlwood, op cit, pp. 153, 156.
14 Hull, op cit.
15 IWM, 88/22/2.
16 IWM, 92/2/1.
17 Gibson, op cit, p. 10.
18 Hull, op cit.
19 See Lewis, op cit, p. 36.
20 IWM sound archive, 8901/16/14.
21 IWM, 80/46/1.
22 Charlwood, op cit, pp. 59–61.
23 IWM, 99/14/1.
24 Currie, op cit, p. 12.
25 Hull, op cit.
26 Letters of E. G. Thomas, IWM, 67/277/1.
27 Pip Beck, Keeping Watch, Crécy 2004, pp. 27–8.
28 Frow, op cit.
29 Hull, op cit.
30 IWM, 67/28/1.
31 Currie, op cit, pp. 73–4.
32 ibid, pp. 163–4.
33 IWM, 67/28/1.
34 Hull, op cit.
35 Yates, op cit, p. 132.
36 IWM, 85/6/1.
37 Woods, op cit.
38 Yates, op cit.
39 Hull, op cit.
FIFTEEN
1 Letters of Mary Mileham. Mileham family papers.
2 Following correspondence taken from Letters of Flying Officer F. H. Blackman, IWM Documents Department, 80/46/1.
3 ibid.
4 Mileham papers.
5 ibid.
6 Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt, The Bomber Command War Diaries, Penguin 1990, p. 271.
7 Interview with author.
8 Following correspondence taken from Letters of Joan Kirby, IWM, Department of Documents.
9 Following correspondence taken from the Letters of George Hull, IWM, Department of Documents.
10 Interview with author.
11 Gibson, op cit.
12 Frances Dowdeswell, The Path, unpublished memoir, IWM.
SIXTEEN
1 Roger Freeman, The Mighty Eighth, Cassell 2000, pp. 67–9.
2 ibid.
3 ibid, p. 78.
4 Terraine, op cit, p. 620.
5 Newman, op cit.
6 Yates, op cit, p. 135.
SEVENTEEN
1 Ralph Briars, unpublished memoir, IWM, 67/385/1.
2 Interview with author.
3 IWM, 67/385/1.
4 Harris, op. cit, p. 220.
5 Terraine, op cit, p. 676.
6 Yates, op cit, pp. 179–80.
7 Newman, op cit.
8 Quoted in Terraine, op cit, p. 673.
9 Quoted in Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. III, p. 82.
10 ibid, p. 84.
11 ibid, p. 93.
12 ibid, p. 80.
13 ibid, p. 55.
14 ibid, p. 101.
EIGHTEEN
1 Roy Lodge, unpublished memoir.
2 Quoted in Frederick Taylor, Dresden, Bloomsbury 2004, pp. 214–15. The most thorough and lucid work on the subject as well as the most balanced.
3 Interview with author.
4 See Taylor, op cit, pp. 503–9 for discussion of the controversy over the death toll.
5 Interview with author.
6 Yates, op cit, pp. 235–6.
7 Middlebrook and Everitt, op cit, p. 669.
8 PRO WO 235/235.
9 Quoted in Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. III, p. 112.
10 Quoted in Johnson, op cit, p. 243.
11 Webster and Frankland, op cit, vol. III, p. 119.
12 Statistisches Bundesamt, Wirtschaft und Statistik, vol. III, pp. 139–42.
13 Hans Rumpf, The Bombing of Germany, Muller 1963, pp. 154–65. The statistics for civilian deaths in France are taken from Eddy Florentin, Quand les Allies bombardaient la France, Perrin 1997.
14 Johnson, op cit, p. 260.
15 Following account from IWM, 88/47/1.
16 IWM, 92/10/1.
17 IWM, 98/7/1.
18 Fayers, op cit.
19 IWM, 92/29/1.
20 IWM, 67/281/1.
NINETEEN
1 Quoted in Henry Probert, Bomber Harris, Greenhill 2003, p. 343.
2 PRO, letter from Sir Arthur Street to Sir Robert Knox, 17 January 1945.
3 Probert, op cit, p. 348.
4 Quoted in The Many, WH Smith 1995.
5 Quoted in Richards, op cit, p. 335.
6 IWM, 931/01.
7 Quoted in Probert, op cit, p. 410.
8 Webster and Frankland, op cit, p. 375.
9 IWM, 931/01.
10 Richards, op cit, p 339.
11 Terraine, op cit, pp. 505, 684.
12 IWM Documents Department, Misc, 10.202.
13 Frankland, op cit.
14 Charlwood, op cit, p. 218.
15 Quoted in Probert, op cit, p. 411.
16 ibid, p. 411.
17 Interview with author.
18 IWM, 42/29/1.
19 IWM, 67/281/1.
EPILOGUE
1 IWM 99/14/1.
2 Conversation with author.
3 Interview with author.
4 IWM 80/46/1.
5 Interview with author.
6 Interview with author.
7 IWM 20/91/8.
8 Conversation with author.
9 Daily Mail, 28 September 2006.
10 The lines are usually attributed to the English classicist John Maxwell Edmonds, 1875–1958.
Bombers
The specifications below are average for each aircraft. Modifications were constantly being made as design and capacity were changed, and the plans overleaf show a precise version (‘Mark’) of our five most important bombers of World War II.
Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
Abercromby, ‘Jock’ 213
Adenauer, Konrad 99, 114
air gunners see gunners
Air Ministry 52, 101, 226
aircraft 10, 34, 49
German 205
heating in 162
as ‘home’ 186–7
loss of in Battle of Berlin 207, 212, 214, 216, 230, 286, 307–8
numbers lost on operations 67, 79, 229, 307, 324
and safety 231–2
see also bombers; individual names
aircraft crew see bomber crew
Aircrew Europe Star 368
Aitken, Max xl
appeasement 41
Appointment in London (film) 383–4
Ardennes
German counter-offensive at 331
area bombing 71, 95, 102
criticism of 140–1
Harris’s advocation of 88–9, 94–5, 199, 200, 330, 331, 333, 340
and Portal 14–15, 71, 74, 102, 377
Attlee, Clement 143
Atwood, Sergeant B. E. 186, 187
Australia/Australians 44, 45–6, 52, 263, 278
Aviation Candidates Board 34
Avro Lancaster see Lancasters
Avro Manchester 92
Fighter Boys and Bomber Boys: Saving Britain 1940–1945 Page 98