Modigliani, Vera, 184
Molfetta, 259
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (Aug. 1939), 95, 96, 167, 229
Mondadori, 11, 120, 123, 207, 232, 269, 346n, 356n
Mondadori, Alberto, 230
Monde, Le, 180
Mondo, Il, 205
Montale, Eugenio, 205, 208
Montana, Vanni, 157–58
Montanelli, Indro, 233, 307
moral vision, 6–7, 10, 38, 73, 112, 123, 147, 149–50, 250; fascism and, 125, 126, 141; obedience vs., 276; postwar, 191, 195, 201, 331–32; spying allegations and, 300–302, 326–27
Morandi, Rodolfo, 190
Moravia, Alberto, 175, 200, 205, 217, 220, 237, 242; Mussolini’s letters from, 325; U.S. visa denied to, 218
Moreau, Clément (Karl Meffert), 118–19
Morrone, Pietro Angelerio da, see Celestine V, Pope
Mosbacher, Eric, xv, 102, 118, 190, 361n
Moscow, 69, 71–72, 81, 94, 101, 121, 238, 253, 254; Executive Committee meeting in (May 1927), 91–92, 200, 308; Stalin’s show trials in, 102, 152, 200, 204–205, 222
Mr. Aristotle (Silone), 119
Münzenberg, Willi, 68, 77, 166, 223
murder, 35, 172, 192–93, 214; in Secret of Luca, 306–307
music, 38, 63, 67, 157, 166
Musil, Robert, 111, 130
Mussolini, Benito, 11, 53, 70, 111, 117, 120, 146, 150, 158, 231, 240, 250, 253, 320, 356n; “anti-Fascist” support of, 188; Bocchini’s report to, 86, 305; control of PSI seized by, 60; Darina’s hatred of, 165; Darina’s research on, 168; death of, 315; fall of, 157, 159, 160, 171, 178, 187, 224; left-to-right move of, 60; Moravia’s letters to, 325; Platone on, 315–16; PSI’s expulsion of, 60; purge of supporters of, 188, 189; rehabilitation of, 300; Silone’s alleged spying and, 86, 305, 310, 313, 329; speeches of, 80, 144; tribunal transferred by, 87, 257; Zurich rumor about, 317–18
Mussomeli, 252
Myth of Sisyphus, The (Camus), 238
Nabokov, Vladimir, 205
Nadeau, Maurice, 225
Nagy, Imre, 246
Naples, 102, 172, 184, 198, 243
Napoleon, 283
Nation, The, 11, 139, 322
National Archives, 11
Nationalists, 60
nation-state, 240
Native Americans, 220
Nazis, 23, 132, 161, 184, 240, 281, 338; see also Germany, Nazi
nebbish, 280–81, 376–77n
Nenni, Pietro: as fusionist, 147, 160, 183, 185, 189, 190, 197; London trip of, 189, 190; made vice prime minister, 187; rejected as prime minister, 187, 190; Silone’s meeting with, 185; Stalin Peace Prize and, 238, 239
neo-Fascists (post-Fascists), 12–13, 189, 196, 205
Neruda, Pablo, 220–21
neutrality, 60, 70, 117, 143
New Criterion, The, 326
New Left Review, 323
New Republic, The, 161, 376n
New Yorker, The, 130
New York Herald Tribune, 129, 167
nihilism, 9, 16, 124, 126, 182, 206, 210, 217, 238, 242; definitions of, 273–74
Nin, Andrés, 3, 222–23
Nistar, Der, 280
Nizan, Paul, 95, 125
Noah’s Ark, 106, 107–108
Nobel Prize, 238, 246, 259, 263, 269
Norman, Dorothy, 288
Notte, La (film), 218
Nuove Edizioni di Capolago, 140
Nuove Edizioni Italiane, 118
Ochab, Edward, 211–12
Office of Strategic Services, see OSS
Olivetti, Adriano, 205
Onofrio, Sant’, hermitage of, 267–68
Operaia, L’, 157
Oppenheim, Meret, 107
Oprecht, Emil, 118, 125, 130, 168, 314
Oprecht, Emmie, 130
Oprecht publishing house, 117–18, 126
Order of Divine Providence, see Piccola Opera della Divina Provvidenza
Ordine Nuovo, L’, 70
Ordine Nuovo group, 68, 93–94
Origo, Iris, 10, 30–31, 286, 339
Orione, Don Luigi, 47–57, 181, 256; death of, 49–50, 54; Hyde’s biography of, 52–53; Lenin compared with, 53; radio commemoration for, 263; Romolo and, 47, 48, 54–57, 84, 85–86, 89, 90, 354n; Silone’s correspondence with, 48, 50, 51, 52; Silone’s portrait of, 50–51; Silone’s relationship with, 47, 48, 50, 53, 66, 67–68, 255, 338
Ortucchio, 185
Orwell, George, 10, 13, 16, 190, 235, 243, 282, 322, 327, 339
OSS (Office of Strategic Services), 11, 143, 156–61, 170, 174, 184; Silone’s aliases for, xv, 158, 174
Ottoman Empire, Italy’s war with, 59–60
OVRA (Fascist secret police), 80, 88, 168, 170, 296, 322, 327; Silone accused of spying for, see Silone, Ignazio, Fascist spying allegations against
Owen, Wilfred, 166
“Pact of Steel,” 151
Paese Sera, 220, 245
paganism, 3–4, 39
Pajetta, Giancarlo, 224, 369n
Pallano, Monte, 266
Pampaloni, Geno, 197
Parini, Jay, xvi
Paris, 15, 38, 79–82, 111, 116, 117, 132, 201; CCF conference in, 221, 246, 259; Darina in, 167; Foucauld in, 265; International Congress of Writers in, 280; in 1968, 270; Rosselli in, 120–21, 133; Rouault in, 264; Silone in, 77, 79–80, 135, 221, 246; Silone’s writing in, 118, 125; Togliatti in, 94; Weil in, 281
Parisse, Vincenzo, 86, 87
Parri, Ferruccio, 157, 187, 190, 196, 366n
Parsons, Betty, 157
Partisan Review, 11, 30, 139
Partisans for Peace, 201
Partito Comunista d’Italia, see Communist Party of Italy
Partito d’Azione, 160
Partito Popolare Italiano, 33
Pasolini, Pier Paolo, 220
Pasternak, Boris, 224, 241, 246, 374n
Paterno boarding school, 54–55
Paterson, N.J., 63
Paul, Saint, 131, 360n
Paul VI, Pope, 269
Pavese, Cesare, 200, 212, 273, 325
Paynter, Maria Nicolai, 347n
PCd’I, see Communist Party of Italy
PCI, see Italian Communist Party
peasants, 22, 23, 28, 32, 34–37, 61, 84, 210, 241, 260, 277; in aftermath of earthquake, 44; agrarian leagues of, 46, 59; Allied soldiers sheltered by, 158; in Bread and Wine, 213; as cafoni, xvi, 12, 34–37, 113, 114, 115, 292; Christianity and, 4, 7; democracy and, 160; in Fontamara, 35–36, 112–16, 214, 216, 240; Hungarian, 99; national government as seen by, 25–26, 58; revolts of, 15, 57, 185; Russian, 254, 283; in Sicily, 250, 252; Silone’s advocacy of, 15, 97; suffering of, xvi, 36, 37, 57, 113, 249; U.S. as myth for, 212; vanishing world of, 34
Pellegrini, Piero, 362n
Pellico, Silvio, 362n
Peloso, Don Flavio, 88–89, 181, 366n
PEN, 220–21, 236
PEN Club, 236–37, 250
Père-Lachaise cemetery, 80
Pertini, Sandro, 190, 290
Perugia, 87, 89
Pescara, 159, 349n
Pesci, Gaetano, 63
Pescina, xvii, 6, 19, 22–37, 61–66, 101, 256, 292, 326; Bellone in, 305, 320–21; bishop transferred from, 24, 61; Communist cell of, 186, 210; earthquake in, see earthquake of 1915; election in, 186; Fontamara in, 19, 25; guitti in, 177; houses of, 28, 29, 40, 43, 44–45; injustice in, 31, 83–84; land distribution in, 59; medieval history of, 22, 28; as outside time and space, 23; podestà in, 56–57; as poor in civic history, 28; population of, 27, 38; “Purgatory” in, 24, 26–27; revolts in, 61–63; Romolo’s imprisonment and, 86–87, 89–90; Romolo’s returns to, 56–57; ruins of, 28; shoes for, 186–87; Silone archive in, 29, 180; Silone birth centenary in, 320; Silone’s departure from, 65, 334, 352n; Silone’s estrangement from, 26; Silone’s grave in, 290, 293, 341; Silone’s returns to, 51–52, 57, 87, 284, 334–37; in Silone’s work, 112, 114, 358n; Tagliamento in, 43; World War I and, 60–61; Zauri’s return to, 194
Petersen, Neal, 158
Petrarch, 89, 234
Petrecchia, Anna, 299
Pétrement, Simone, 283
Petroni, Guglielmo, 123, 221
Petronio, Giuseppe, 208
photographs, 30–31, 179
phylloxera epidemic (1908), 32
Picasso, Pablo, 16, 201, 238
Piccinini, Gaetano, 48, 85–86, 256–57, 263
Piccola Opera della Divina Provvidenza (Order of Divine Providence), 47–48, 67–68, 88
Piedmontese army, 34
Pieve di Corsignano, 286
Piovene, Guido, 205, 225
Pirandello, Luigi, 123
Pius II, Pope, 286
Pius X, Pope, 45
Platone (police spy), 169, 313–18
podestà, 56–57
Poland, 211–12, 215–16, 218, 224, 226, 243, 325; Communist intellectuals’ meeting in (1948), 201; Katyn forest massacre and, 206
Polanyi, Michael, 219
police, 22; in Brazil, 32; in France, 79; Lugano, 86; in Milan, 53, 84, 256; military, see carabinieri; in Pescina, 31, 43, 62; in Rome, 67, 86; Seidenfeld searched by, 75; in Spain, 77; Swiss, 105; see also Swiss Police for Foreigners; in Trieste, 76–77; in Venice, 84
police, Fascist, 73, 82, 154; in Cutler’s story, 297–98; Darina harassed by, 168; Gramsci arrested by, 73–74; Romolo’s file with, 56; in Silone’s novels, 114, 136, 141, 306; Silone’s spying for, see Bellone, Guido; Silone, Ignazio, Fascist spying allegations against; Silone wanted by, 57; spying of, 80–81
“Polikushka” (Tolstoy), 338
Polish Army, 243
politics, 52–103; in Abruzzo, 32–33, 186, 210; calls for Silone’s return to, 101–102; Machiavelli’s theory of, 127; Orione and, 53; peasant view of, 58; postfascism and, see postfascism, problems of; Silone as ill-suited for, 9, 73, 190–91, 210–11; Silone’s ascent in, 66–67; Silone’s disillusionment with, 187, 195–98, 211; Silone’s earliest memory of, 59; Silone’s early involvement in, 61, 65; Silone’s return to, 134, 143–46, 255; Silone’s withdrawal from, 250, 255, 259; war and, 59–64; see also Communists, communism; Socialists, socialism; specific political parties
politique d’abord (“politics above all else”), 195
Portelli, Alessandro, 298
postfascism, problems of, 182–221; and Commission for Sanctions Against Fascism, 188; cultural war and, 199–205; Nuove Edizioni di Capolago and, 140; Silone’s concerns about, 172–73, 187–89, 191, 192, 194–95
poverty, the poor, 10, 23, 84, 120, 249, 260, 292, 316, 341; Christ and, 4; Darina’s relations with, 165; Silone drawn to, 32, 63–64, 65, 285; Silone’s experiencing of, 34, 51, 113, 117
Premio Viareggio, 232
prisoners of war: Italian, 119, 136; South African, 23
Prison Notebooks (Gramsci), 74, 362n
private property, 46, 59, 262
“Problems of the Chinese Revolution” (Trotsky), 200
Processo a Silone (Tamburrano), 325
Procida prison, 87, 89–90, 313, 354n
Protestantism, Protestants, 120, 164, 235
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 8, 183, 240, 286
Pryce-Jones, David, 326–27
PSDI (Italian Social Democratic Party), 187
PSI, see Italian Socialist Party
PSIUP (Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity), 160, 190–92, 195
PSLI (Socialist Party of Italian Workers), 195
psychoanalysis, 129, 273; of Silone, 105–106, 109, 180, 319, 321, 324, 365n
Quaderni di Giustizia e Libertà, 121, 134, 240
“Quel che rimane” (That Which Remains) (Silone), 339
Questura of Rome, 305
Quinzio, Sergio, 244, 331–32, 352n
Quinzio, Stefania, 331
race, racism, 218–19, 251
radio, 34, 119; Orione commemoration on, 263; Silone interviewed for, 71; Silone’s speech on, 188
Radio Moscow, 146, 147, 171, 319
Rado, Emmy C., 373n
Ragaz, Leonhard, 94, 111, 231, 255
RAI (Italian state television), 252–53, 269–70, 310–11
railroads, 47–50, 53, 78, 79, 135, 193, 284; through Brenner Pass, 159
Rakosi, Matyas, 70
Rascher, 117
Rauschning, Hermann, 125
Ravazzoli, Paolo, 92–93, 96
Ravera, Camilla, 73, 75, 80, 241n
Raygrodski, Paulette, 99
Reagan, Ronald, 247
Rebel, The (Camus), 238
Reconnaissance au Maroc (Foucauld), 265
Reggio Calabria, 50–51, 52
Regina Coeli prison, 87, 89, 274–75
Reich, Wilhelm, 373n
Reinvention of Ignazio Silone, The (Leake), 324, 347n
religion, 34; see also Christianity; Roman Catholicism
“Representative Governments and Public Freedoms in New States” (Rodi conference), 260–61
Repubblica, La, 300, 380n
Republican Party, Italian, 195
Resto del Carlino, Il, 236
Resurrection, 7, 337
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 293
Rinascita, 207, 208
Rio de Janeiro, 32
Risorgimento, 33, 46, 191; second, 197
Risti Marko, 224
Risveglio, Il, 119–20
Rivera, Antonio Primo de, 77, 78
Rivera, Diego, 251
Rocca di Cambio, 267
Rodi conference (1958), 260–61
Rolland, Romain, 87
Roman Catholicism, 7, 27–29, 47–54, 174, 205, 235, 252, 279, 287; agrarian leagues opposed by, 46, 59; Irish, 164, 165, 170; as official religion, 196; in Pescina, 24, 39–40; politics and, 33, 197; Silone’s disillusionment with, 14, 39–40, 46, 63–64, 239; Weil’s relationship with, 281
Rome, 40, 105, 159, 243, 266; Abruzzo misunderstood in, 25; added to Italy, 63; Darina in, 167–68, 173–75, 178–81, 193–94, 274, 275, 285, 290–91, 312; education in, 45, 48; German occupation of, 173; Herling in, 243, 244; Mussolini’s speeches in, 80, 144; orphan asylums in, 48; prisons in, 87, 89, 173, 274–75; Romolo in, 43, 48, 54, 56; Salvemini commemoration in, 260; Silone in, 31, 38, 45, 48, 65–68, 75, 76, 80, 123, 135, 173–75, 185, 186, 192–94, 196, 205, 271–72, 274, 284–85, 287, 290, 310, 312, 331; Silone’s departure for, 26, 65–66; state archive in, 300, 309; Teatro Eliseo meeting in (Oct. 1946), 196
Rome-Berlin Axis, 151
Romeo and Juliet (film), 251
Romualdi, Serafino, 184
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 11, 217
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 127, 143, 150, 157; Silone’s report and, 172–73
Rosenbaum, Wladimir, 106
Rosselli, Carlo, 260, 293, 362n; assassination of, 143, 146, 221, 310; Giustizia e Libertà and, 38, 102, 240; Silone compared with, 13, 227; Silone’s correspondence with, 120–21, 133–34; on socialism, 183, 227
Rosselli, Nello, 146, 221, 260, 310
Rossellini, Roberto, 205
Rossi, Ernesto, 186, 190–91, 260
Roth, Joseph, 106
Rouault, Georges, 255, 264–65
Ruggeri, Antonio, 57
Russell, Bertrand, 202, 234
Russia, 34; see also Moscow; Soviet Union
Russian Revolution, 46, 68, 204, 242, 254; twenty-seventh anniversary of, 186
Russo, Luigi, 232
sadness, 8–9, 34, 338
saints, 13, 48; see also specific saints
“sale nella piaga, Il” (The Salt in the Wound) (Silone), 206
Salerno, Silone’s speech at, 182, 188–89
Salinari, Carlo, 207–208, 232
Salvemini, Gaetano, xvii, 140, 179, 196, 199, 205, 239; background of, 259; death of, 259–60; on Fontamara, 116–17; U.S. exile of, 186, 190–91
Samaritans, 263
Sampieri, Aldo, 295, 311–12, 319, 320
Samson, Jean-Paul, 117, 118, 225
San Moritz refugee camp, 320
San Prospero school, 50–52
San Remo, 48–51, 54
San Romolo sem
inary, 48–50, 54
Santostefano, Giovanna, 189
Saragat, Giuseppe, 186, 190
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 16, 224, 273, 282; Camus’s dispute with, 237–38; Silone’s criticism of, 217, 227–29, 236
Sassoon, Siegfried, 166
Scellingo, Mariano, 32–33
Schiavetti, Fernando, 110, 311, 312
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., xvii
School for Dictators, The (Silone), 9, 124, 126–30, 150, 151, 154, 371n; Darina’s reading of, 169; Thomas the Cynic in, 4, 127–29
Schuman, Robert, 283
Schwimmer, Rosika, 118
Sciascia, Leonardo, 242
Scoccimarro, Mauro, 188
Scotellaro, Rocco, 331
Second Vatican Council, 235, 274, 293
Secret of Luca, The (Silone), 192, 194, 243, 258; Andrea Cipriani in, 4, 210, 306–307; Luca in, 306–307
Seed Beneath the Snow, The (Silone), xvi, 58, 111–12, 140, 141–42, 150, 162, 170, 214, 326–27, 348n; Darina’s reading of, 164; earthquake in, 40; Pietro Spina/Paolo Spada in, 4, 141–42; sadness in, 8–9
Seidenfeld, Barbara (“Ghita”), 81–82, 92
Seidenfeld, Gabriella, 75–77, 79–82, 93, 98–101, 319, 320; bookstore of, 100; Fontamara dedication to, 91, 113, 180; imprisonment of, 77; marriage of, 99–100; police informers and, 311, 315–17; Romolo’s correspondence with, 89–90; Silone-Bellone correspondence and, 304, 307; Silone portrait by, 76; Silone’s correspondence with, 76, 80, 81, 100–101, 105–106, 112–13, 115–16; Silone’s ending of physical relations with, 100, 180; Silone’s expulsion and, 98–99, 311
Seidenfeld (“Nuvola”), 75, 80
Seizure of Power, The (Milosz), 237
Senghor, Leopold Sédar, 177
Seniga, Giulio, 223
Senise, Carmine, 308
Senso (film), 251
Serrati, Giacinto Menotti, 69, 70
Severina (Silone), 274, 275–76, 288, 289, 290, 293; hope in, 332; Weil’s influence on, 4–5, 259, 282–83
Sforza, Count Carlo, 140, 157, 159, 160, 188
Shadow and Grace (Weil), 282
Shanta (Darina’s domestic aid), 179
Shatzkin, Lazar, 179, 222, 254
Shils, Edward, 219
Sholokhov, Mikhail, 226
short stories, 338; of Cutler, 297–98; of Silone, 135, 190, 257, 272–73, 334–37
Siberia, labor camps in, 203–204, 222, 256
Sicily, 159, 239, 240, 250
SIFAR, 246–47
Silo, Poppedius, 3
Silone, Darina Laracy, xv, 29, 162–81, 198, 202, 211, 213, 217, 248; animals and, 169, 176; apartment redecorated by, 275; appearance of, 163, 166; arrest of, 171; author’s interviews with, 178–81; Dulles introduction and, 157; education of, 164–67; financial problems of, 288, 290, 310; Gestapo’s approaching of, 168; hand injury of, 288; in Holy Land, 16, 262–63; India visited by, 170, 177, 291; as journalist, 167–68; Little Sisters and, 265, 266; pacifism of, 166, 167; reading of, 163–64, 166, 169, 171; in Rome, 167–68, 173–75, 178–81, 193–94, 274, 275, 285, 290–91, 312; on Silone as man of capital letters, 13; Silone compared with, 163, 170, 176; Silone introduced to Weil and Foucauld by, 164, 259, 281; Silone’s correspondence with, 171, 176, 292–93; Silone’s dating of, 157; Silone’s death and, 287–90, 340; on Silone’s difficult character, 5–6, 174–75, 177, 340; Silone’s health problems and, 155–56, 287–90; Silone’s letters destroyed by, xvii, 293; Silone’s marriage to, 174–75, 180, 383n; Silone’s meeting of, 132, 162, 163, 168–70, 320; Silone spying allegations and, 180–81, 309, 313, 320–21; Silone’s suicide threats and, 110, 362n; Silone’s will and, 101; Silone’s works and, 124, 208, 276, 282–83, 288, 289, 291, 298, 346n, 359n; stroke and death of, 181, 292, 365n; translation work of, 170, 176, 177, 189; writing of, 354n; in Zurich, 132, 166, 168–71
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