by Tim Townsend
149 decided to search: Lesjak, “Bagging a Bigwig.”
150 “ . . . Eisenhower’s personal protection . . .”: Mosely, Reich Marshal, p. 351.
150 a Stinson L-5 Sentinel: Alford, Nazi Plunder, pp. 45–47.
151 his valet, Robert Kropp: Descriptions of Goering’s arrival at Mondorf taken from Andrus and Zwar, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, pp. 25–37.
152 considerable amount of charm: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
152 everything in his power: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
153 “Another day with the men . . .”: “Kesselring Cried at His Sermon.”
153 had directed the bomb attacks: Wistrich, Who’s Who, pp. 170–171.
153 “He is one gentleman . . .”: “Kesselring Cried at His Sermon.”
153 “a city of ruins . . .”: Gerecke, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” November 1945.
CHAPTER 7
154 “He who covers up his faults . . .”: Tanakh.
154 A succession of six prosecutors: Barrett, “Raphael Lemkin and ‘Genocide’ at Nuremberg, 1945–1946.”
154 “Until they began to react . . .”: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 165.
155 “the foremost representatives . . .”: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 36.
155 Goering stood and took a microphone: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 166.
155 “Nein!”: Ibid., p. 176.
155 “Not guilty . . .”: Trial of the Major War Criminals (TMWC), Vol. 2, p. 97.
156 “modern juristic literature . . .”: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 167.
156 “The wrongs which we seek . . .”: TMWC, Vol. 2, p. 98.
157 a ravine called Babi Yar: Ibid., p. 124.
157 destruction of the Warsaw ghetto: Ibid., p. 126.
157 the annihilation of millions: Ibid., p. 136.
157 evidence of a “medical experiment”: Ibid., p. 129.
157 Jackson spoke for four hours: Barrett, “Civilization Opens Its Case.”
157 As Gerecke spoke: Barrett, “Thanksgiving in Nuremberg (1945).”
157 prosecutor Major Frank Wallis spoke: TMWC, Vol. 2, p. 177.
158 “This was history being made . . .”: Barrett, “Thanksgiving in Nuremberg (1945).”
158 to attend his services on Sundays: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
158 the small two-cell chapel: Gerecke, “My Assignment.”
159 “You Lutherans have fifteen . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
159 “jolly” and “delightful”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
159 “You’ve got the right address, Chappie . . .”: Hank Gerecke interview, 2 February 2008.
159 the little church in Mögeldorf: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
160 OMGUS vacated: Unless otherwise noted, the description of life in Nuremberg is drawn from Gaskin, Eyewitnesses (pp. 106–139), Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials (pp. 209–217), Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial (pp. 227–229), and West, “Greenhouse with Cyclamens I (1946)” (pp. 9–14).
161 a German band played jazz: Gaskin, Eyewitnesses, p. 131, and Jerry Legow interview.
162 “ . . . a relaxed, tolerant and philanderous ambience . . .”: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 217.
162 “ . . . who was not on the vigorous side . . .”: West, “Greenhouse with Cyclamens I (1946),” p. 13.
162 “ . . . in a manner certainly vulgar . . .”: Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, p. 229.
163 Because of the need to translate: Gaskin, Eyewitnesses, p. 130.
163 the fishbowl of Nuremberg: Ibid., p. 131
163 “water-torture, boredom . . .”: West, “Greenhouse with Cyclamens I (1946),” p. 8.
163 “There was a lot of drinking . . .”: Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, p. 227.
164 “I must feel convinced . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
164 guards had placed notes: Gerecke, “My Assignment.”
165 “I know little about your politics . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
165 German Imperial Navy: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 403.
165 would create a bottleneck: Ibid., 407.
165 Doenitz had given them: Ibid., 408.
166 Lieutenant Heinz Eck was on trial: Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, p. 2.
166 When Eck’s U-boat surfaced: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, pp. 408–409.
166 the Greek first officer: Law Reports of Trials of War Criminals, p. 3.
166 “No thank you,” Rosenberg said: Gerecke, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” December 1945.
166 a movement to leave the Catholic: Steigmann-Gall, Holy Reich, p. 219.
167 might be better spent: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
167 “If my colleagues are . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
167 Raeder was born near Hamburg: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 368.
167 promoted to admiral and chief: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 239.
167 In a fit of jealousy: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 372.
167 “clear and relentless fight . . .”: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 239.
167 case of Reverend Martin Niemoeller: Bird, Erich Raeder, p. 105.
168 Hitler made Raeder grand admiral: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 240.
168 Raeder began reading the scripture: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
168 prepared questions: “Chaplain Gerecke Urges Aid.”
168 Soon enough: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
168 “This business of religion . . .”: Ibid.
168 “the nastiest, the most disagreeable . . .”: Ibid., and Gerecke, Toastmasters.
168 Born in Wesel: Wistrich, Who’s Who, pp. 246–247.
169 Ribbentrop . . . was his gofer: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 147.
169 He was contemptuous: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 246, and Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 148.
169 “Can a man be patriotic . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
169 “ . . . you must obey God . . .”: Gerecke, “My Assignment.”
169 “became more and more penitent . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
169 which he eventually did: Gerecke, “My Assignment.”
169 Nazis were unresponsive at first: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
169 his entire family had been Catholic: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
169 “get right with God”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
170 “I’ll be there . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
170 Schacht’s bitterness: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
170 “But if there’s any degree . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
170 “ . . . go to church with my wife”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
170 a bald head shaped like a bulldog’s: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 204.
170 He wasn’t smart: Kelley, 22 Cells at Nuremberg, p. 195.
170 the most notorious slaver: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 506.
170 hands constantly fluttering: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 204.
170 made most cringe: Kelley, 22 Cells at Nuremberg, p. 195.
170 a habit of pausing: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 428.
170 “one of the dullest . . .”: Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, p. 501.
170 “one of the toughest . . .”: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials p. 427.
170 shining and buffing them: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 204.
170 “As a clergyman . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
171 working toward an ideal: Ibid.
171 a working-class success story: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 204.
171 from a seafaring family: Davidson, Trial of the Germ
ans, p. 505, and Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 267.
171 shipwrecked off the Scottish coast: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 206, and Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 267.
171 in a French POW camp: Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 347.
171 a lathe operator in a ball-bearing plant: Ibid., and Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 206.
171 began studying engineering: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 505.
171 It was a happy marriage: Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 347.
171 over the next fifteen years: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 206.
171 Two of the boys: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 505.
171 a labor leader at his factory: Kelley, 22 Cells at Nuremberg, p. 196.
171 he was making speeches: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 505.
171 Sauckel heard Hitler: Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 347.
171 “the man chosen by fate . . .”: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 208.
171 “the loyal fidelity of a dog . . .”: Kelley, 22 Cells at Nuremberg, p. 196.
171 elected into the Reichstag: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 267.
172 energetic leader of the Nazi Party: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 504.
172 lowered the minimum age: Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 350.
172 the Reich’s quenchless thirst: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 506, and Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 266.
172 rounded up fifty thousand men: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 512.
172 4.5 million foreign workers: Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 350.
172 In a letter to Rosenberg: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 512.
173 jammed fifty to eighty . . . Sauckel evoked: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, pp. 509–517.
173 eight million foreign workers: Evans, Third Reich at War, p. 357.
173 not how they were treated: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 507.
174 he would come to chapel services: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
174 “how I can prepare myself . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
174 Sauckel asked for God’s mercy: Ibid.
174 and wiped away tears: Gerecke, “My Assignment.”
174 “All right, Mr. Sauckel . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
175 “big men . . .”: Ibid.
175 “Of course I’m coming . . .”: Ibid.
175 “a delightful conversationalist”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
175 His grandfather was an architect: Wistrich, Who’s Who, pp. 290–291.
175 proved useful to Hitler: Ibid., p. 291, and Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 483.
175 At the end of the war . . . he backed off: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 485.
176 “tried to continue Gerecke’s ministry”: Grossmith, Cross and the Swastika, p. 121.
176 “ . . . made a lasting impression . . .”: Ibid., p. 5.
176 “fitted least snugly . . .”: Smith, Reaching Judgment, p. 292.
176 “deeply ashamed . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
177 “those important doctrines . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
177 walking in a public area: Fritzsche, Sword in the Scales, p. 312.
177 a long line of blacksmiths: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, pp. 49–52.
177 educated in public schools: Kelley, 22 Cells at Nuremberg, p. 81.
177 kept him out . . . “the soul is saved”: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, pp. 47–50.
178 He was an editor . . . sovereign lands: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, pp. 531–532.
178 Ministry of Propaganda’s Radio Division: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 85.
178 anti-Semitism . . . drafting of German children: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, pp. 537–550.
179 “Don’t expect me . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
179 a boyish smile: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
180 also married an American girl: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 285n.
180 Baldur was born in Berlin: Ibid., p. 286.
180 six million Hitler Youth members: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 272.
180 the future of the SS: Ibid., and Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 290.
180 “That is the greatest thing . . .”: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 287.
180 “Fuehrer, my Fuehrer . . .”: Ibid., p. 288.
181 “Jew-ridden”: Ibid., p. 304.
181 the “removal” of Jews: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 273.
181 English author Houston Stewart Chamberlain: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 305.
181 “I have rethought . . .”: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 245.
181 “ . . . will you commune me?”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
181 “I shall never forget . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
181 white sheet covering a table: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
181 left the chaplain to his business: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
182 “My only answer . . .”: Gerecke, Toastmasters.
CHAPTER 8
183 “To be able to do harm . . .”: Erasmus, Enchiridon, p. 72.
183 Robert Jackson threw: Persico, Nuremberg, pp. 181–182.
184 “Most of us had no idea . . .”: Fritzsche, Sword in the Scales, p. 123.
184 to get the defendants’ families: Andrus and Zwar, I Was the Nuremberg Jailer, pp. 112–113.
184 Christmas carols in the courtyard: “Justice Jackson in Holy Land.”
184 was taken by American soldiers: Schirach, Price of Glory, pp. 105–110.
185 Speer was twenty on Christmas Eve: Speer, Spandau, pp. 31–32.
186 fish, bread, and tea: “Menus, Nuremberg prison, 17 June 1945 to 30 April 1946.”
186 “I’ve often thought about . . .”: Gilbert, Nuremberg Diary, p. 87.
186 “The silence in the big prison . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
186 Newspapers from across the world: Fritzsche, Sword in the Scales, p. 124.
187 Gerecke led his congregation: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
187 A tiny Christmas tree: Fritzsche, Sword in the Scales, pp. 124–125.
187 The SS organist began: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
187 “And she brought forth . . .”: Luke 2, American King James Version.
188 “We never took time . . .”: Gerecke and Sinclair, “I Walked the Gallows.”
189 “Again and again I noticed how . . .”: Fritzsche, Sword in the Scales, p. 126.
189 “Prayers, hell! . . .”: Gilbert, Nuremberg Diary, p. 125.
189 “longed for a German pastor”: Schacht, Confessions of “The Old Wizard,” p. 404.
189 “a non-descript kind of place . . .”: Fritzsche, Sword in the Scales, pp. 126–127.
190 Gerecke visited Emmy Goering: Gerecke, “Monthly Report of Chaplains,” February 1946.
190 Gerecke conducted services: Ibid., May 1946.
191 who preferred his books: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 20.
191 the chief legal authority: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 427.
191 as Hitler’s personal attorney: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 78.
191 “nomadic labor” class . . . 85 percent of the Jews: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, pp. 432–438.
193 O’Connor rebaptized Frank: Niklas Frank interview.
193 Franz Werfel’s novel: Conot, Justice at Nuremberg, p. 502.
193 Ernst was born in 1903: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 322.
193 he and Adolf Eichmann: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 166.
193 married, and had three children: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 322.
193 commander of the Austrian SS: Ibid., and Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 166.
193 named head of the Reich Security Main Office: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 360.
193 suddenly fo
und himself controlling: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 316, and Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, p. 316.
194 Kaltenbrunner was a giant man: Wistrich, Who’s Who, pp. 116–117.
194 more like a block: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 318.
194 smoked a hundred cigarettes: Ibid., p. 320.
194 Kaltenbrunner’s square chin: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 166.
194 a clipped, precise manner: Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 150.
194 thin lips and crooked teeth: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 318.
194 from a duel he fought: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 166.
194 shattered windshield of his car: Kelley, 22 Cells at Nuremberg, p. 135.
194 his face was pockmarked: Tusa and Tusa, Nuremberg Trial, p. 316.
194 his eyes were narrow and brown: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 318.
194 “looked like a vicious horse”: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, p. 360.
194 Himmler was afraid of Kaltenbrunner: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 318.
194 intrigued by the gas chambers: Wistrich, Who’s Who, p. 167.
194 “He was a gangster . . .”: Davidson, Trial of the Germans, p. 318.
194 “ . . . anyone might be his victim”: Ibid., p. 320.
195 thirty prisoners died: Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 946.
196 oversaw seven SS officers: Ibid., p. 949.
196 The volksdeutsche: Lechner and Dürr, “Mauthausen Subcamp System,” p. 905.
196 the SS shipped bodies: “Construction of Mauthausen concentration camp.” Plaque. Mauthausen Memorial. Mauthausen, Austria.
196 Mauthausen was classified: Waite, “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III),” p. 901.
196 “camps for murder”: Lechner and Dürr, “Mauthausen Subcamp System,” p. 905.
197 prisoners arrived from: Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 946.
197 Ziereis ordered 263 Czechs: Waite, “Gusen (with Gusen II and Gusen III),” p. 901.
197 Twenty-one thousand people: Ibid., pp. 900–901.
197 Typhoid and dysentery epidemics: Eckstein, “Mauthausen,” p. 948.
197 the highest death rate: Lechner and Dürr, “Mauthausen Subcamp System,” p. 905.
197 to dig the massive caverns: Ibid.
197 could kill up to 80 people: Hagen Regional Court cited in Freund and Greifeneder, Mauthausen Memorial.
198 marked a cross on the chest: Freund and Greifeneder.
198 he’d never seen the gas chamber: TMWC, Vol. 11, p. 321.