by Colin Tudge
symbiosis 97, 182, 189–90, 427
see also mutualism
Symphoricarpos 228
systematics see taxonomy
Syzgium 41, 209
Tabarnaemontana 346
Tachigalia 318
Taiwania 105, 110
talipot 151
Talisia 389
tallow wood 165
tamarack larch 306
tamarind 39, 187
Tamarindus 39, 187
tambalacoque 232, 348–9
Tane Muhta 2, 101–2
tangerines 220
tannins 84, 86, 196, 353–4, 358
tanoaks 196, 198
taro 142
Tasmanian myrtle 201
taun tree 225
taurai 38, 407–8
tawhai 201
Taxaceae 100, 120–21
Taxodiaceae 100, 105, 110–12
Taxodium 111–12
taxonomic names 42–4
taxonomy 42–4, 46, 54–9, 158–9, 427
Taxus 120–21
tea 233
teak 39, 244–6, 352, 383, 392, 393
teasel 228
Tectona 244–6
temperate forests 33–4
temperatures 274, 374–5
temple tree 240
Temple, Stanley 348, 349
tension wood 88, 89, 427–8
Terminalia 209
terpenes 354, 358
tetraploidy 23, 428
Tetrapus 332–3, 336
thatch palms 150
Theaceae 232–3
Theobroma 215, 324
Theophrastus 39
thermophiies 65
Thrinax 150
Thuja 105, 108–9
Thujopsis 109
tides 265
Tieghemellai 232
Tilia 214
Tiliaceae 213, 214
Tillandsia 153
timber 62, 86
as carbon sink 90–91
as construction material 90
and genetic variation 87–8
of palms 146
trade names 41–2, 44
tipir 134
Tipuana 186
tissue culture 428
tissues 428
toon tree 38
Toona 222
topiary 270
Torreya 121
totara 39, 119
totipotent 428
tourism 394
toxic soils 265–6
trace elements 252, 428
tracheid 135, 428
Trachycarpus 146
translocation 428
transpiration 255–7, 375–6, 381, 428
traveller’s palm 151, 156
tree ferns 74, 75
tree horsetails 74–5
tree of heaven 219
tree of life 171
trees
definition of 14–16
as food 387–90
form of 17
as micro-habitats 2–3, 20
numbers of 26–30, 405–7
Trigonobalanus 196
triploidy 24, 155, 428
Trochodendrales 162
Trochodendron 162, 409
Trochondendraceae 409
trophic 428
tropical forest
age of 32–3, 288–9
biodiversity of 279, 293–306
and ice ages 305
tropisms 267, 428
true ebony 231
Tsuga 113, 116–7
tulip tree (Liriodendron) 40, 130–31
tulip tree (Spathodea) 40, 243
tulips 90
tulipwood 40
tummy wood 237
tung tree 172
tupelo 230
turgid 428
turgor 72, 428
turmeric 155
type specimens 34
type specimens 34
Ulmaceae 190–91
Ulmus 190–91, 350–51, 390
Umbelliferae 228
umbrella tree 228
unicellular organisms 65–8, 429
see also bacteria
urbanization 366–7
Urticaceae 194, 195
Urticales 195
varieties 26, 429
vascular plants 72–3, 429
vectors 429
vegetable ivory 150
vegetative 429
vegetative reproduction 26
veins 429
venacular names 38–42
venation 429
Verbena 244
Verbenaceae 244
vessels 429
see also phloem; xylem
Vinca 240
vines 168
Violaceae 179
Virginia creepers 168
Virola 132
Visaceae 164
Vitales 168
Vochysiaceae 209
Humboldt, Alexander von 28, 29
vulcanization 173
wadadura 237
Wallace, Alfred Russel 28–9, 52, 295
Wallace Line 286
wallflowers 168
walnuts 206–7, 388
Wapishana people 134
Warburgia 135
Washingtonia 145, 146, 151
water
pollination by 125, 320
translocation 254–7
water hyacinth 143
waterlilies 127
wattles 181
wax myrtle 208
wax palm 146
weather 366, 371–2, 379–80
weedkillers 271
weeds 184–5, 429
weeping willow 177
Wegener, Alfred 282–3
Welwitschia 80
West Indian cedar 42
West Indian satinwood 221
western red cedar 108
wheat 24, 387
whistlethorn acacias 182
white cinnamon 135
white ebony 231
white mangroves 264
white oak 197, 200
white peroba 243
white pine 41
white spruce 306
white syringa 219
whitebeam 189
whitewood 42
whorl 429
Wickham, Henry 174, 174, 387
Widdringtonia 109–110
wild almond 114
Williams, George 318
willowherbs 209
willows 24–5, 177–8, 278
wind pollination 125, 320
windmill palm 146
wingnuts 208
Winteraceae 135, 357
winter’s bark 135
witch-hazels 195
witch’s brooms 164–5
Wodyetia 151
Wollemia 41, 103, 282
wood sorrel 179
wood 81–91
as building material 6, 384–6
as fuel 6, 177–8
woodcuts 161–2
Xanthoceras 225
Xanthocyparis 107
Xanthorrheaceae 144
Xanthorrhoea 144
Ximenia 165
xylem 82–3, 84, 135, 146, 255, 429
Xylocarpus 264
yellow birch 199, 205
yellow gum 211
yellow pine 119
yellow poplar 131
yews 120–21
Yucca 143–4
yuccas 143–4
zebrano 185
Zelkova 190
zinc 252
Zingiberaceae 155–6
Zingiberales 155–6
Ziziphus 190
Zygophyllaceae 170–71
Zygophyllales 170–71
zygote 429
* The ideas in this chapter reflect those of Dr Aljos Farjon of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, who chairs the World Conservation Union’s Conifer Specialist Group.
From.Net