Peterson, William, ref 1
Philip II, King of Spain: marriage to Mary, ref 1, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s accession, ref 1; on Mary’s death, ref 1; marries Elizabeth of Valois, ref 1; and Catholic rebellion in England (1569), ref 1; lacks information of Armada’s fortunes, ref 1; English Catholics appeal to, ref 1; and proposed English Catholic colony in America, ref 1; plans to invade England, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; puts price on Drake’s head, ref 1; builds up fleet, ref 1; gout, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; prepares Armada, ref 1; shocked by news of execution of Mary Queen of Scots, ref 1; claim on English throne, ref 1, ref 2; financial difficulties, ref 1, ref 2; relations with Vatican, ref 1; Sixtus promises money to on condition of landing in England, ref 1, ref 2; learns of Drake’s attack on Cadiz, ref 1; and Catholic victories in France, ref 1; badgers Santa Cruz to hasten preparations, ref 1, ref 2; and death of Santa Cruz, ref 1; ill health, ref 1; impatience at delay in departure of Armada, ref 1; seizes foreign ships for Armada, ref 1; expenditure on war, ref 1; refuses peace negotiations with England, ref 1; final instructions to Medina Sidonia, ref 1; receives Medina Sidonia’s pessimistic message, ref 1; messages to Medina Sidonia, ref 1; Sixtus belittles, ref 1; borrows from Genoese bankers, ref 1; writes to Medina Sidonia on supposed victory, ref 1; on loss of Leyva, ref 1; told of Armada disaster, ref 1; reads Recalde’s journal, ref 1; reaction to Armada catastrophe, ref 1; maintains antagonism towards England, ref 1, ref 2; England attacks treasure ships, ref 1; repairs and reinforces fleet after Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3; later expeditions against England, ref 1; final illness and death, ref 1
Philip III, King of Spain, ref 1
Pilgrimage of Grace (1537), ref 1, ref 2
Pimentel, Don Diego, ref 1, ref 2
Pius V, Pope: excommunicates Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Plunkett, Luke, ref 1
Plymouth: Medina Sidonia declines to attack, ref 1; English fleet sails from, ref 1; English expedition against Spain sails from, ref 1
Pole, Cardinal Richard, Archbishop of Canterbury, ref 1
portents and prophecies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Portsmouth: defences, ref 1, ref 2
Portugal: annexed by Philip, ref 1; Drake attacks in expedition against Spain, ref 1; disaffection towards Philip, ref 1; English expedition to, ref 1
Poyntz, Antony, ref 1
Poza, Captain Juan, ref 1
Prada, Andres de, ref 1
Prayer Book (1552), ref 1
Priego, army Captain Pedro, ref 1
Privy Council: instructions to lords lieutenant, ref 1; attends thanksgiving service for victory, ref 1; and military unrest, ref 1; and Drake-Norris expedition to Spain and Portugal, ref 1
Prouse, Captain, ref 1
Quiroga y Vela, Gaspar de, Cardinal Archbishop of Toledo, ref 1
Radcliffe, Sir Edward, ref 1
Ragazona (Venetian ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Rainbow (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Raleigh, Sir Walter: opposes pre-emptive strike against Spain, ref 1; criticises Portsmouth defences, ref 1; reports Catholic malcontents in Devon, ref 1
Rata Santa María Encoronada (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Recalde, Admiral Juan Martinez de: Drake seeks at sea, ref 1; in Philip’s council of war, ref 1; recommends finding safe harbour in England, ref 1; urges Medina Sidonia to blockade Plymouth, ref 1; position in lunula, ref 1, ref 2; engages English ships, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and English fireships’ attack at Calais, ref 1; on homeward voyage, ref 1; lands in Ireland, ref 1; death in Spain, ref 1; sends journal to Philip, ref 1
Regiomontanus of Königsburg, ref 1
Renard, Simon, ref 1, ref 2
Revenge (Drake’s flagship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Ribadeneira, Pedro de, SJ, ref 1
Richmond, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, ref 1
Ridolphi, Roberto, ref 1
Roebuck (English privateer), ref 1
Rogers, Richard, ref 1
Rogers, Thomas (alias Nicholas Berden), ref 1
Sadler, Sir Ralph, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
St Bartholomew Day massacre (France, 1572), ref 1
Saltonstall, Richard, ref 1
San Antonio de Padua (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Cristobal (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Esteban (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Felipe (Portuguese carrack), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
San Francisco de Florencia (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
San Giuseppe, Colonel Sebastiano di, ref 1, ref 2
San Juan Bautista (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
San Juan de Castilla (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Juan de Portugal (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
San Juan de Sicilia (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
San Juan de Ulúa, Mexico, ref 1
San Lorenzo (Spanish galleass), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
San Luis de Portugal (Portuguese ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
San Luis (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
San Marcos (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
San Martin (Spanish flagship): signals departure, ref 1; at Corunna, ref 1, ref 2; Medina Sidonia holds councils of war on, ref 1, ref 2; engages English ships, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; at Calais, ref 1; escapes fireships’ attack, ref 1; re-forms fleet, ref 1; in battle of Gravelines, ref 1, ref 2; off Flanders coast, 169; arrives in Santander, ref 1
San Mateo (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
San Nicholas Prodaneli (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Pedro (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
San Pedro el Mayor (Spanish hospital ship), ref 1
San Pedro Menor (Spanish ship), ref 1
San Salvador (Spanish hulk), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
San Salvador (Spanish transport ship): sails, ref 1, ref 2; blows up, ref 1, ref 2; abandoned and captured, ref 1
Sanders, Fr Nicholas, ref 1
Santa Ana (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Santa Barbara (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Santa Catalina (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Santa Cruz, Alvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; death, ref 1
Santa María de la Rosa (Spanish ship), ref 1
Santa Maria de Visón (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Santiago (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2
Savoy, Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of, ref 1
Scilly Isles, ref 1
Scotland: pro-Spanish sentiments, ref 1; Walsingham fears threat from, ref 1; danger of Spanish landing in, ref 1; Armada ships wrecked in, ref 1
Scott, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Scroope, Nicholas, ref 1
Sebastian, King of Portugal, ref 1
Serna, Alonso de, ref 1
Seymour, Sir Henry: on shallow-draught ship, ref 1; defends Dover Straits, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; recommends Thames ships against Parma’s landing, ref 1; message from Drake, ref 1; shortage of powder, ref 1; on non-cooperative Dutch, ref 1; false rumour of attack on, ref 1; complains of shortage of ships, ref 1; anchors off Flanders coast, ref 1; engages Armada off Gravelines, ref 1
Shakespeare, William: King Lear, ref 1; Twelfth Night, ref 1
Sharpe, Dr Lionel, ref 1
Sheffield, Lord Edmund, ref 1, ref 2
Shelley, Sir Richard, ref 1
Shrewsbury, George Talbot, 6th Earl of, ref 1
Sidney, Sir Philip, ref 1
Sigüenza, Friar José de, ref 1
Sinclair of Owensdale, Malcolm, ref 1
Sixtus V, Pope: and Philip’s claim to English throne, ref 1; reluctance to subsidise Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; and Philip’s appointment of bishops, ref 1; supports Philip’s attack on England, ref 1; admiration for Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2; confirms excommunication of Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2; grants indulgence to Armada member
s, ref 1; on defeat of Armada, ref 1
Skeltonical Salutation, A (pamphlet), ref 1
Sluis, Netherlands: English garrison surrenders to Parma, ref 1
Smollett, John, ref 1
Snowden, John, ref 1
Somerfield, John, ref 1
Southern, Robert, ref 1
Southwell, Robert, SJ, ref 1
Spain: war with England, ref 1; Ridolphi’s plot inviting to invade England, ref 1; anti-Protestantism in Low Countries, ref 1; plans to invade England, ref 1, ref 2; Armada preparations in, ref 1; English spies in, ref 1; intelligence agents in London, ref 1; surviving ships return to, ref 1; effect of Armada catastrophe in, ref 1; English attacks on treasure ships, ref 1; later attacks and expeditions against England and Ireland, ref 1, ref 2; English privateers attack shipping, ref 1; Treaty of London with England (1604), ref 1; see also Philip II, King
Spes, Don Guerau de, ref 1, ref 2
Spinola family, ref 1
Spy (English pinnace), ref 1, ref 2
Stafford, Sir Edward, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Standen, Anthony (‘Pompeo Pellegrini’), ref 1
Story, John, ref 1
Stratford by Bow, Essex, ref 1
Stukeley, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Succession, Act of (1543), ref 1
Supremacy, Act of (1559), ref 1
Surian, Michiel, ref 1
Sussex, Henry Radcliffe, 2nd Earl of, ref 1
Sussex, Henry Radcliffe, 4th Earl of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of, ref 1, ref 2
Sutton, Thomas, ref 1
Swallow (English galleass), ref 1, ref 2
Swallow (English pinnace), ref 1
Swiftsure (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Tellez, Don Diego Enriquez, ref 1, ref 2
Thames, river: defence measures, ref 1; bridge of boats from Tilbury to Gravesend, ref 1; freezes, ref 1
Thomas Drake (English ship), ref 1
Three Lords and Three Ladies of London, The (play), ref 1
Throckmorton, Francis, ref 1
Tiger (English ship), ref 1, ref 2
Tilbury: defences and troops, ref 1, ref 2; Elizabeth visits and delivers speech, ref 1, ref 2; camp dissolved, ref 1
Tobermoray, isle of Mull, ref 1
Toby (English ship), ref 1
Toledo, Don Francisco de, ref 1, ref 2
Tomson, Richard, ref 1
Torbay, ref 1
Townsend, Sir Roger, ref 1
Travers, Thomas, ref 1
Treasons Act, Second (1570), ref 1
Treatise of Treasons, ref 1
Trew, John, ref 1
Trinidad de Escala (Spanish ship), ref 1
Trinidad Valencera, La (Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Triumph (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill, 2nd Earl of, ref 1, ref 2
Ubaldino, Petruccio, ref 1, ref 2
Uceda, Captain, ref 1
Ugarte, Pedro de, ref 1
Uniformity, Act of (1552), ref 1
Valdés, Don Diego Flores de, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7; punished, ref 1
Valdés, Admiral Don Pedro de: attends councils of war, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4; belligerent strategic proposals, ref 1, ref 2; on supplies, ref 1; ships lose contact with Armada, ref 1; supports Medina Sidonia’s proposals to avoid Plymouth harbour, ref 1; ship damaged in collision, ref 1, ref 2; surrenders to Drake, ref 1; paraded in London, ref 1; released on ransom, ref 1; later career and death, ref 1
Valentia Island, south Kerry, ref 1
Valverde, Francisco de, ref 1
Vanguard (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Vázquez, Mateo, ref 1, ref 2
Vega, Antonio de, ref 1
Victory (English ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Villejo, Garcia de, ref 1
Vimory, battle of (1587), ref 1
Vineyard (English ship), ref 1
Vitres, Fr Thomas, ref 1
Walsingham, Frances, ref 1
Walsingham, Sir Francis: anti-Catholic measures, ref 1, ref 2; in France, ref 1; intelligence operations, ref 1; uncovers Throckmorton plot, ref 1; and Elizabeth’s dislike of security precautions, ref 1; plots against Mary Queen of Scots, ref 1; disbelieves rumours of Armada preparations, ref 1; lists potential traitors, ref 1; on Spain’s financial problems, ref 1; learns of letter from Philip to Sixtus, ref 1; receives intelligence on Armada preparations, ref 1; favours Drake’s plan for pre-emptive strike against Spain, ref 1; letter from Hawkins requesting naval reconnaissance expedition against Spain, ref 1; secrecy over naval expedition against Spain, ref 1; mistrusts Edward Stafford, ref 1; despatch from Drake off Portugal, ref 1; advocates attacks on Spanish treasure ships, ref 1, ref 2; on Wilcox’s papist sympathies, ref 1; spies and intelligence in Spain, ref 1, ref 2; on threat from Scotland, ref 1; pays for troops, ref 1; fears Catholic rising, ref 1; opposes Elizabeth’s peace negotiations with Spain, ref 1; and de Vega’s spying in London, ref 1; apprehension over Armada, ref 1; Howard reports to on actions, ref 1; and popular attitudes to Spaniards, ref 1; Leicester reports to on militia at Tilbury, ref 1; Howard requests reinforcements from, ref 1; orders new supplies to Howard, ref 1; Howard complains to of bureaucratic demands, ref 1; Howard warns of continuing Spanish threat, ref 1; David Gwyn slanders, ref 1; and destruction of Armada ships in Ireland and Scotland, ref 1; and Norris’s expedition against Spain and Portugal, ref 1, ref 2; and stormy weather, ref 1; death, ref 1
Walton, Roger, ref 1
weather: conditions, ref 1, ref 2
Westmorland, Charles Neville, 6th Earl of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Weston, William, SJ, ref 1
White Bear (English ship), ref 1
White, Captain Henry, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Whitgift, John, Archbishop of Canterbury, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Whitton, Captain Jacob, ref 1
Wight, Isle of: as prospective landing site for Armada, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6; defences, ref 1, ref 2; advance warnings of Armada, ref 1
Wilcox, Peter, ref 1
William the Silent, Prince of Orange: assassinated (1584), ref 1
Williams, Sir Roger, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Willoughby de Eresby, Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron, ref 1, ref 2
Wiltshire, Thomas, Earl of, ref 1
Winchester, William Paulet, 1st Marquis of, ref 1
Winchester, William Paulet, 3rd Marquis of, ref 1, ref 2
Windebank, Thomas, ref 1
Wingfield, Arthur, ref 1
Winslade, Tristram, ref 1
Wisbech Castle, Cambridgeshire, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Woburn Abbey: ‘Armada Portrait’ of Elizabeth, ref 1
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, the Younger: rebellion and execution, ref 1
Wynter, Sir William, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Ycaina, Captain Pedro de, ref 1
Young, Captain John, ref 1
Zayas, Captain Alonso de, ref 1, ref 2
Zúñiga, Don Balthazar de, ref 1
Zúñiga, Don Juan de, ref 1
Zúñiga (or Patrona; Spanish ship), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Also by Robert Hutchinson
Last Days of Henry VIII
Elizabeth’s Spymaster
Thomas Cromwell
House of Treason
Young Henry
Copyright
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First published in Great Britain in 2013 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson
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© Robert Hutchinson 2013
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The Spanish Armada Page 47