The Intelligence War against the IRA
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Ard Fheis speech 1984, 215
1987, 215
1990, 215
1991, 130, 219
1994, 219, 221
arrest 1972, 30
on a military stalemate, 212
on Éire Nua, 115
on the Enniskillen bombing, 213
on the IRA cessation 1997, 224
on the Irish state, 204, 205, 214, 215
release from internment, 26
West Belfast MP, 156, 201, 217, 218, 225
African National Congress (ANC), 211
Agents and British intelligence strategy, 10, 30
motives, 11
Ahern, Bertie, 223, 225
Ahern, Dermot, 201
Aldrich, Richard J., 7, 14, 17, 56, 78, 90, 140
An Phoblacht on informers, 1, 86
Andrew, Christopher on official histories, 14
on the Cyprus Emergency, 1
on the IRA in England, 191, 192, 194
Anglo-Irish Agreement, 202, 215, 222
Anglo-Irish Agreement (1985), 132
Arlow, Reverend William, 74, 102
Armagh (County) and discrimination, 18, 45, 46
Armagh city, 180, 198
Craigavon, 181, 202
Gough barracks, 141
Lurgan, 179, 180, 181, 182, 198
Portadown, 179, 180, 198
Atkins, Humphrey, 131
Barker, Alan and Raymond Gilmour, 11, 157, 160, See also Derry Brigade (Derry city IRA); Gilmour, Raymond
and Sean McCord, 158, 160
and the Derry IRA, 93
on agents, 10
on IRA operations in England, 106
on surveillance operations, 159
on the Derry IRA, 92, 93, 157, 158, 160, 161
on the Garda, 161
on the IRA in England, 195
on the peace process, 196
Barr, Glenn, 72, 73, 110, See also Ulster Defence Association (UDA); Vanguard
Beattie, Desmond, 20, See also Cusack, Seamus
Belfast, 18, 68, 72, 97, 101, 138, 149, 189, 231, 239and discrimination, 18, 91
and the British Army, 22, 23, 34, 41, 42, 45
Andersontown, 34, 37
Ardoyne, 34, 150
Ballymurphy, 34, 85, 87, 154, 216
city centre bombings 1992 and 1993, 154
city council, 156, 201, 206, 222
Clonard district, 31
Crumlin Road, 31
Crumlin Road jail, 45, 46, 143, 217
Divis Flats, 83, 148
east Belfast, 83, 149
Falls Road, 20, 34, 35, 39, 216
Lenadoon, 54, 57, 58, 59
north Belfast, 38, 82, 87, 147
Short Strand, 34, 229
south Belfast, 151
the Bone, 34, 150
the Markets, 34, 145, 154
Unity Flats, 34, 85, 87, 88, 147
west Belfast, 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 54, 83, 84, 124, 143, 144, 147, 148, 152, 156, 201, 217, 218, 223, See also Belfast Brigade (IRA)
Belfast Brigade (IRA), 5, 82, 91, 101, 102, 138, 148, 149, 182, 229, 237, 238, 239, See also Provisional IRAand Operation Motorman, 87
and the 1972 ceasefire June to July 1972, 53
and the 1975 ceasefire, 29, 81, 82, 91, 107, 113, 116, 117, 246
and the 1997 ceasefire, 223, 231
brigade and battalion structure, 85, 89
brigade quartermasters, 66
campaign, 10, 35, 36, 39, 82–91, 142–157, 237, 238–239
cells, 5, 89, 121, 125, 126, 145, 148, 150, 155, 205, 237
civilian casualties, 153, 237
First battalion, 34
Headquarters Belfast Brigade, 66
Intended target killings, 35, 36, 82, 89, 138, 144, 145
loose talk, 86, 149
number of volunteers 1971–1972, 34
Second battalion, 34
Third battalion, 34, 82, 85
Bell, Ivor, 13, 55
Bennett, Huw, 1, 23, 27
Best, William, 49
Bew, John. See also Frampton, Martynon talks with the IRA (1972), 244
on talks with the IRA (1975), 245
on the intelligence war, 3, 4, 81, 143
on the IRA’s ceasefire (1975), 67
on the peace process, 3, 209, 223, 244
Birmingham bombings, 77, 105, 106, 192
Black, Christopher, 124, 150, See also supergrass trials
Blair, Tony, 171, 207, 210, 223, 225, 232, 241, 242
Bloody Friday (1972), 63, 64, 65, 93, 97
Bloody Sunday (1972), 21, 23, 33, 36, 37, 39, 58, 93, 160, 202, 242
Boal, Desmond, 110
Boston College oral history project, 12, 13, See also Hughes, Brendan; McIntyre, Anthony; Moloney, Ed; McConville, Jean; Price, Dolores
Boutcher, Jon, 242
Bradley, Gerry, 29, See also Black, Christopher; Donaldson, Denis; Feeney, Brian; Molloy, Eamon; Stakeknife; Valente, Peterarrest (1974), 82
on Belfast IRA cells, 89
on British Army helicopters, 150, 151
on British Army security bases, 151
on Christopher Black, 150
on Denis Donaldson, 229
on Eamon Molloy, 84–85
on informers, 154
on IRA counter-intelligence, 124
on IRA support, 38
on Operation Motorman, 88
on Peter Valente, 147
on screening, 86
on Stakeknife, 145–146
on the Belfast IRA, 85, 87, 88, 89, 150, 153
on the IRA in England, 195
on the peace process, 226
Braniff, Anthony, 148
Breen, Harry, 165
British Army. See also British government policyagent, 10, 185
and cross-border roads, 47
and population control, 17, 19, 22, 28, 37
and south Armagh watchtowers, 167, 168, 170, 171, See also South Armagh Brigade
and the Garda, 99, 188, 189
and the nationalist community, 37, 39, 45, 47, 48, 93, 102, 187
and the RUC, 39–41
Borucki Sangar, 166, 168, 171
checkpoints, 34, 43, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 96, 100, 156, 162, 167, 170, 174, 176, 189
computer database, 88, 96
hearts and minds strategy, 23
helicopters, 150, 151, 152, 167, 170, 172
house searches, 37, 88
low-profile approach, 27
personality cards (p cards), 43, 44, 48, 87, 96, 152
personality checks, 86, 87, 90
protective equipment, 154, 163
Royal Marines, 166, 171, 193
screening, 37, 48, 86
British Conservative Party, 19, 64, 125, See also British government policy; Brooke, Peter; Heath, Edward; Major, John; Mayhew, Sir Patrick; Thatcher, Margaret; Whitelaw, William
British General Officer Commanding (GOC), 31, 33, 40, 42, 57, 100, 122, 139, 140
British government policy and a dual approach strategy, 66, 68, 137, 199, 210, 233, 237
and a two-front war, 58, 59, 70, 76, 77, 79, 108, 112, 114, 117, 122
and a unionist backlash, 17, 21, 26, 53, 58, 68, 76, 221
and an acceptable level of violence, 5, 7, 17, 23, 27, 30, 39, 49, 63, 103, 117, 121, 123, 142, 164, 169, 198, 210, 236, 238, 243
and an independent Northern Ireland (1974–1975), 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76, 79
and an independent Northern Ireland (1977), 129
and criminalisation, 66, 123, 124
and divisions within the state, 7, 240–241
and Home Rule, 28
and Irish immigrants, 19, 77
and loyalism, 78
and power-sharing, 63, 65, 66, 79, 131, 134, 137, 210
and the Brooke-Mayhew talks (1991–1992), 207, 208, 209
and the civil service, 63, 67, 69, 71, 75, 79, 122, 130, 133, 194, 199, 241
and the Fair Employment Act (1989), 215
and the IRA and Sinn Féin, 19, 20, 23,
25–27, 49, 53, 54–55, 56–59, 63–72, 75–76, 78, 79–80, 108–109, 111–112, 114–117, 121, 122–125, 199, 205–210, 224–225, 233–234, 238, 240–241, 243–247
and the McBride Principles, 215
and unionism, 17, 18–19, 27, 113
The Way Ahead for Security Policy (1977), 122, 123, 137
British intelligence eavesdropping, 9, 146, 151, 152, 232, 243
electronic intelligence (ELINT), 8, 90, 100, 130, 140, 148, 151, 192, 237
human intelligence, 8, 9, 30, 84, 130, 139, 146, 151, 166, 167, 168, 243
intercept and deciphering (COMINT), 90
intercepts and deciphering (COMINT), 8
British Labour government. See Blair, Tony; British government policy; Callaghan, James; Donoughue, Bernard; Mason, Roy; Mowlam, Mo; Powell, Jonathan; Rees, Merlyn; Wilson, Harold
British Liberal Party, 19
Brittany, 196
Brooke, Peter, 136, 137, 207, 208, 227, See also British government policy; Mayhew, Sir Patrick; Thatcher, Margaret
Brown, James Joseph, 91
Bryson, James, 87
Buchanan, Robert, 165
Burns, Gregory, 179–180, See also Burns, Sean; Dignam, John; Starrs, Aidan
Burns, Sean, 179–180, See also Burns, Gregory
Burton, Frank, 20
Cahill, Joe, 55American visa, 222
and ceasefire talks (July 1972), 54, 56
and ceasefire talks (March 1972), 53, 54
arrest (1972), 52
on politicising republicanism, 55
on republican support following Bloody Sunday (1972), 58
Callaghan, James, 123, 125, 128, 129
Caraher, Fergal, 45, 166, 168–169
Caraher, Micheál, 46
Caraher, Peter John, 45, 46
Carron, Owen, 204
Cavan (county), 51, 190
Clarke, George, 29, See also Nairac, Robertand informers, 100
and Nairac, Robert, 95
on British Army intelligence, 40
on human intelligence, 9
on RUC Special Branch, 39, 40
on rural IRA infiltration, 42
on the Old Bailey bombing (1973), 104
Clarke, Phil, 46
Cleary, Peter, 166
Coleraine, 32, 44, 90, 96, 209bombing (1992), 178
Collins, Eamon, 145, 185and the supergrass trials, 124
on the IRA, 215
on the South Armagh IRA, 190
on the South Down IRA, 185, 186
Collins, Michael, 45
Commander of Land Forces (CLF), 30, 42, 139
Conning, Father Patrick, 114
Constitutional Convention, 68, 69, 73, 111, 112, 113, 114
Conway, Kieran on Éire Nua, 115
on IRA support levels in Derry (1970s), 94
on Operation Motorman, 92
on the IRA ceasefire (1975), 81, 116
on the rural IRA, 101, 177
on the rural IRA (1970s), 101
on the rural IRA (1975), 97
on the South Derry IRA (1970s), 178
Cooper, Sir Frank, 68, 70, 71, 76, 78, 91, 93, 97, 100, 114, 241
Cormac, Rory, 7, 17, 56, 78, See also Aldrich, Richard J.
Coyle, Kevin Patrick, 158
Craig, Bill, 110, 114
Cross, Leonard, 92
Culbert, Michael, 216, 227
Currie, Austin, 24, 47
Cursey, Simon, 29, 31, See also Four-Square Laundry and MRFon informers, 32
on intelligence, 32
on James Bryson, 87
on the Four-Square Laundry, 32, 33, 83
on the IRA cell structure, 89
on the MRF, 31, 33
Cusack, Seamus, 20, 22, See also Beattie, Desmond
Cyprus Emergency, 1
Dáil Éireann, 204, 214, 226
Daly, Archbishop Cahal, 168
Daly, Reverend Edward, 115
de Baroid, Ciaran, 154, 223
de Silva, Sir Desmond, 130, 139, 141, 142
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 74, 110, 114, 132, 236
Derry Brigade (Derry city IRA), 5, 34, 93, 101, 102, 138and Donegal, 92, 93, 99, 107, 158, 161
and local support, 93–94, 162–163
and loyalism, 163
and Operation Motorman, 64, 92–93, 94, 107
and the brigade, battalion and company structure, 92
and the IRA ceasefire (1972), 52
and the IRA ceasefire (1975), 94–95, 107
brigade staff, 94
campaign, 10, 34, 35, 36, 37, 81, 91–95, 138, 237
cell structure, 5, 94, 125, 126, 160–161
city-centre bombings, 36, 93, 162–163
intended target killings, 35, 36, 91, 93, 138, 157
Derry city, 22, 39, 178, 230, 239, See also Derry Brigade (Derry city IRA)and British security operations (1970s), 37, 45, 102
and discrimination, 18, 160
and Donegal, 47, 94, 99, 161
and Free Derry, 26, 27, 38, 52, 92
Bogside, 18, 20, 22, 25, 36, 92, 94, 158, 159, 160
Brandywell, 92, 158, 161
Creggan, 22, 35, 36, 91, 92, 94
Rosemount, 92
Shantallow, 22, 92, 93, 162
Waterside, 92, 158, 163
Deverell, John, 136
Devlin, Paddy, 24, 26, 55
Dewar, Sir Michael, 24, 168, 180
Dignam, John, 179–180, See also Burns, Gregory; Starrs, Aidan
Dillon, Martin, 143, 148, 178
Direct rule, 17, 28, 75, 77
Director and Coordinator of Intelligence (DCI), 40, 140
Doherty, Anthony, 45
Doherty, Daniel, 159
Doherty, Pat, 128, 201
Donaldson, Denis, 2, 236and informing, 3, 184, 200, 228–230, 231–233, 236, 242
and Sinn Féin, 2
and the IRA, 2
and the peace process, 3, 4, 231–233, 234–235, 240, 243
Donegal (county), 25, 34, 47, 51, 52, 55, 64, 65, 91, 94
Donegal IRA, 159
Donoughue, Bernard, 69and British withdrawal, 67
and James Callaghan, 125
on British withdrawal, 69, 70, 77
on direct rule, 77
on Harold Wilson, 69–71, 76
on independence for Northern Ireland, 70
Down (county), 24, 179Portaferry, 179
Downing Street, 41, 64, 78, 106, 170, 193, 194
Downing Street Declaration (1993), 220, 221, 222, 234
Dublin, 53, 64, 101, 114, 135, 140, 189, 202, 212, 215, 222
Dublin and Monaghan bombings (1974), 93, 214
Duddy, Brendan, 68, 78and British officials (1974), 112
and British officials (1975), 75, 76, 109, 112
and British officials (1976–1979), 122, 123, 125
and British officials (1980–1981), 131
and British officials (1990–1993), 136
and British officials (1993), 220
and contacts with loyalists, 110
and Ian Paisley (senior), 74
and John Hume, 117
and the IRA Army Council (1975), 67
on British withdrawal (1975), 109, 111
on independence for Northern Ireland (1975), 70, 75, 109, 110
on IRA cells, 89
on the IRA Army Council (1975), 116
on the IRA leadership (1975), 112, 115
Duffy, Patrick, 91
Dundalk, 42, 43, 47, 84, 95, 99
East Tyrone Brigade (IRA), 5, 10, 99, 101, 166, 186and local support, 48, 102, 185
and the Ballygawley bus bombing (1988), 142, 182, 183
and the Clonoe SAS ambush (1992), 183
and the Coagh SAS ambush (1991), 183
and the Coalisland SAS ambush (1992), 183
and the IRA ceasefire (1975), 113, 117
and the Loughgall SAS ambush (1987), 141, 182–183, 184, 235, 247
and the SAS, 184
and the Teebane Cross attack (1992), 182
/> campaign, 44, 45–46, 95, 96, 97–98, 101, 182–185, 186, 198, 237, 239
intended target killings, 41, 96, 97, 182
Eksund, 196, 197, 230
English, Richard and IRA objectives, 128
on Home Rule, 28
on Stormont (1972), 24
on terrorism, 9
on the intelligence war, 4–5
on the IRA, 4–5, 10
on the peace process, 211
EOKA, 1
ETA, 211
Falls Road Curfew (1970), 20, 21, 36
Farren, Sean, 201
Faul, Father Denis, 114
Faulkner, Brian, 20
Feeney, Brian, 84, 85, 147, 229–230, See also Bradley, Gerry; Donaldson, Denis; Molloy, Eamon
Fenton, Joseph, 146–147, 148, 151, See also Mahon, Catherine; Mahon, Gerard; Stakeknife
Fermanagh (county), 45, 46, 141, 184, 188, 189and discrimination, 18, 46, 47, 98
Belcoo, 176
Belleek, 176, 177
council, 46
district council, 177, 201
Lisnaskea, 98, 177
Newtownbutler, 176
Roslea, 176, 177, 189
Tempo, 176
Fermanagh IRA, 6, 99, 164, 184, 186, 188, 190, 213and local support, 175
and the border, 99
and the protestant population, 176–177
campaign, 10, 41, 44, 98, 173–178, 198, 230, 237
intended target killings, 41, 98, 173, 177
Ferris, Martin, 197
Fianna Fáil, 19, 22, 200, 201, See also Ahern, Bertie; Ahern, Dermot; Irish government (Irish state); Haughey, Charles; Lynch, Jack; Mansergh, Martin; Reynolds, Albertand self-determination, 203
and the IRA and Sinn Féin, 50, 200–205, 206, 217, 221, 225, 227, 234
and the Irish Civil War, 203
and the pan-nationalist talks, 201, 206, 207, 225
and the SDLP, 201, 203
Fine Gael, 64, 92, 135
Finnis, Ruari, 158
Finucane, Patrick, 130, 157
Fisk, Robert, 88, 96
FitzGerald, Garret, 113, 191
Fleming, Kieran, 175
Fleming, William, 159
Flood, Patrick, 158
Foley, Frank, 21on intelligence and security policy, 7, 22, 38, 187
on Northern Ireland, 8, 21, 22, 242
Force Research Unit (FRU), 11, 141, 157, 174, 179, 240, See also Ingram, Martin; Stakeknifeand Freddie Scappaticci allegations, 2