by Tim Brown
insight and, 16, 40–43, 48, 50–52, 170,218–19
as integrative by nature, 229
and knowing who to observe, 43–44
as multidisciplinary, 26
new vs. existing ideas in, 7, 25
non-designers and, 25, 37, 148–49, 201, 215
non-linear nature of, 9, 16–17, 19, 176
observation of consumers in, 16, 40, 41, 43–48, 155–56
as observing the “Super-Normal,” 237–38
opportunities for, 219–20
optimism and, 64, 76–77
pace of, 234
people deterred from, 63–64, 85
principles of, 3–4, 6–7, 110, 213, 214, 224–25, 241
problem solving and, 7, 132, 135–36, 185, 199, 215
project teams and, see project teams as promoting massive change, 194–95
prototyping and, 87–89, 106, 230–31
social issues and, 215–22
storytelling and, 142, 145, 148, 227
synthetic process of, 69–71
system of overlapping spaces in, 16, 17
techniques of, 82, 169, 192, 210, 227, 229, 236–37
as “T-shaped,” 27
“Ways to Grow” matrix tool of, 161–62, 164–65
workshops and, 174
see also design, designers
desirability, 4, 18, 19, 23, 25, 158–59, 198, 215
Detroit, Mich., 2, 162, 200, 213
Diamandis, Peter, 144–45
Dickens, Charles, 179
digital technology, 169–70
Dilbert, 36
Disney, 112, 116, 117
Disneyland, 116, 118
Disney World, 112
disruptive innovation, 164
divergent thinking, 67–71, 82, 193, 235
Donovan, Tara, 238
Dott 07 (Design of the Times), 221
Dreyfuss, Henry, 228
Drivers of Change, 196
Drucker, Peter, 20, 39
Dunne, Tony, 60
Eames, Charles, 17, 71, 88, 228, 242
Eames, Ray, 71, 88, 228, 242
East Africa, 203, 204–5, 214
eBay, 165, 182
Edible Schoolyard, 219
Edison, Thomas, 5, 180
Egypt, 210
Eiffel Tower, 164
Electronic Arts, 97
El Salvador, 225
El Segundo, Calif., 34
e-mail, 30
Emory University Hospital, 168
Energy Department, U.S. (DoE), 199–200, 201
engineering, 5, 20, 49, 70, 104, 200
design and, 68, 162, 224
details in, 124–25
project teams and, 26, 29, 33, 47, 228
of transportation, 1–2, 13–15, 89, 163
England, 1, 5, 87, 113, 158, 221 see also Great Britain
English Arts and Crafts Movement, 113
environmentalism, 195
environments:
ambience and, 182
for design thinking, 30, 32–36
for healthcare, 48, 50–52, 167–69
interdisciplinary, 27
prototyping and, 97–100
rules of innovation and, 73–74
work-place, 56
Ethiopia, 47
ethnography, 26, 46–47, 50, 57, 58, 69, 132
Europe, 45, 103, 116, 157, 210
European Union, 60
evolutionary innovation, 162–63
evolutionary projects, 162
experiences, 111–28, 174, 200, 221
airport security, 184–88
clinical, 51–53, 117–18, 167–69, 173–74, 209, 221
as complex, 127–28
of consumers, 14, 101, 104, 107, 109–10, 181, 182
as designed, 110, 115, 116–18, 120, 121, 124, 126–27, 128, 132, 184
of design thinking, 63–64, 66
interactive, 19, 67
participatory, 63, 112, 116, 136, 191, 192
services and, 94, 178, 182–84
shared, 47
social, 110
experiments, 17, 32, 34, 64, 71–75, 88, 118, 169, 223, 230, 233, 242
Expo 2005 World Exposition, 131
Facebook, 31, 99
Fast Company, 33
Faulkner, William, 68
feasibility, 4, 18, 19, 25, 30, 92, 158–59, 197–98 215
feedback, 16, 91, 92, 96–97, 99, 106, 107
Feeling Good Fitness, 42
Ferrari, 80, 138
Festival of Britain (1951), 157–58
Fiberforge, 198
FingerBlaster, 31
Firefox, 59
Fisher, Martin, 204–5
Florence Cathedral, 203
Ford, Henry, 40
Fortune, 28, 175
Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, 121–22, 179, 182
Franklin, Benjamin, 84
Froebel, Friedrich, 88
Froebel kindergarten blocks, 88
Fry, Art, 81
Fukasawa, Naoto, 238
Fulbright scholarship, 204
Fuller, Buckminster, 193
“Future Vision,” 140
Garfield Innovation Center, 175
Gates, Bill, 81
Gaver, Bill, 60
Geertz, Clifford, 215
Genentech, 80, 165
General Electric, 179
Germany, 98, 180
Giant, 15
Gilbert, Julie, 188
Gilmore, James, 110
GlaxoSmithKline, 104
global warming, 148
Golden Gate Bridge, 237
Goldsworthy, Andy, 6
Google, 22, 31, 72, 159, 191
Gore, Al, 148, 195, 238
Gormley, Antony, 6
G-phones, 191
Grand Rapids, Mich., 36, 123, 125
Graves, Michael, 18
Great Britain, 80, 103, 109, 113, 133, 141, 157, 180, 191, 219
Midlands of, 182–83, 203
welfare state in, 221
see also England
Great Leap Forward, 72
Great Western Railway (GWR), 1–2
Green, David, 208–9
greenhouse gases, 129
Greenland, 203, 238
GRiD, 133–34
gyroscopic technology, 164
Gyrus ACMI, 89
Haas School of Business, 160
Hackett, Jim, 166, 170
Hakuhodo, 129–31, 143
Hamel, Gary, 32
Hamlet cigars, 141
Hammer Codex, 81
Harvard, 136
Hasso Plattner Institute of Design, 160, 224
Hawkins, Jeff, 54
HBO, 100–102
“Health Practice,” 104
Heath, Chip, 139
Helsinki, 46
Herbal Essences, 34
Hertzfeld, Andy, 133
Hewlett, Bill, 26
Hewlett-Packard, 31, 71, 172, 205, 223
Hill, George Washington, 61
Ho Chi Minh City, 46
Hollywood, 93, 112, 140
Honda, 213
Honolulu, Hawaii, 80
Howe, Jeff, 58
Hughes, Thomas Parke, 179
human-centered principle, 4, 5, 14, 39, 47, 115, 146, 148, 159, 164, 167, 171, 177, 187, 198, 200, 224
Hypercar, 198
ideation process, 15, 16, 27, 64, 65, 106–7
IDEO, 8, 24, 31, 102
behavioral science at, 47–48
collaboration with other business of, 13, 36, 94–95, 146, 170–71, 172, 184–85, 193–94, 214, 223
design services of, 6, 44, 50–52, 55, 89–90, 117–18, 143, 184–85, 193–94
employees of, 159–60
ethnography at, 47
first prototype of, 90
human-centered approach at, 200
ideas of, 26–27, 53, 104–5
“IDEOisms” and, 239
“IDEO U” and, 171
microfinance and, 205–6
mind map of, 9
problem solving of, 6, 42, 119, 135, 137–38, 184–85, 216
project rooms of, 35, 78
prototyping of, 17
redesign of, 103–5
“Scenography” program and, 122–23 2.0, 103–4
“unfocus group” of, 60
use of Post-its at, 83
ID Two, 134
Imperial College, 224
implementation process, 15, 16, 27, 28, 64, 107–8, 148, 188, 223, 236
Inconvenient Truth, An, 148, 195
increments, 20, 24
innovation and, 162, 233, 239
projects and, 162, 165
In Defense of Food (Pollan), 116
India, 35, 163, 185, 207–10, 211, 212, 214
Indianapolis 500, 48
industrial age, 1, 2, 113, 177, 178, 179, 183, 198, 242
information technology, 167, 169–70
Innocentive, 29
“Innovate or Die Pedal-Powered Machine Contest,” 22
innovation, 20, 30, 222
as challenging the status quo, 136
collaboration and, 161
competitiveness dependent on, 182
constraints as leading to, 206, 208, 209, 211, 213
design thinking and, 3–4, 118, 157, 159–65, 166, 184, 223
as disruptive, 164
divergent thinking as route to, 68
ecosystem of, 231
ethnographic techniques and, 46
evolutionary, 162–63
failure in, 111, 136
human-centered approach to, 39, 229
investment in, 180
labs for, 35–36
mapping of, 161–62
opportunities for, 57, 127, 199
as path to success, 175
prototypes and, 106, 173, 230
revolutionary, 163–64
rules of, 73–74
in service, 95, 107, 181–82
storytelling and, 145
systematic, 179, 181, 184
technological, 20, 55, 72, 158, 179, 180, 183
three overlapping spaces of, 15–17, 27, 35, 37, 64, 106–8
Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Drucker), 20
Innovation Gym, 35–36, 171–72, 175
innovation portfolios, 159–65, 172, 233
insight:
consumer cues to, 14, 16, 40, 42, 48, 56, 67, 95
design thinking and, 40–43, 170, 216, 218–19
empathy and, 50, 56, 209
firsthand, 50–52, 57
inspiration and, 64, 196, 231
observation and, 41, 44, 46, 49, 95, 163, 167
as phase of design process, 41
inspiration process, 15, 16, 27, 28, 62, 64, 106, 107, 196, 231, 232
Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), 48
integrative thinking, 85–86
Intel, 45–46, 48, 139–40
Intel Developer Forum, 139
interaction designers, 134, 160
interdisciplinary teams, 13, 26–28, 32, 33, 47, 70, 145–46, 164, 174
interior designers, 168
International Consumer Electronics Show, 206
International Development Enterprises (IDE), 47, 211–13, 215
Internet, 2–3, 15, 29–31, 35, 45–46, 56, 84, 94, 103, 115, 117, 131, 136, 140, 143, 144, 155–56, 158, 165, 170, 181, 183, 190, 192, 193, 216, 220, 231
Internet protocol television (IPTV), 100
iPod, 163, 176, 220
Italy, 191
Jacoby, Ryan, 159, 161
Japan, 13, 55, 129–31, 143, 157, 180, 189, 191, 213
Jazzercise, 42
Jennings, Humphrey, 157
Jobs, Steve, 6, 25, 76–77
Johnson, Hibbard, 125
Jordan, Chris, 195, 196
Juneau, Alaska, 200
Juniper Financial, 53–54
Kaiser Permanente, 172–74, 201
Kamen, Dean, 164
Kampala, 46, 205, 225
Kare, Susan, 133
Katrina, Hurricane, 216
Keep the Change, 120, 142
Kelley, David, 6, 89, 103
Kelley, Tom, 237
Kelly, Kevin, 31
Kenya, 204
Kessler, Eric, 101
KickStart, 204
Kingsolver, Barbara, 116
Koizumi, Junichiro, 131
Koop, C. Edward, 135
Koppel, Ted, 50
Korea, 131, 206
Kotchka, Claudia, 24, 34
Kraft Foods, 171
Krups, 179
Kyoto Protocol, 129
Lafley, Alan G., 48, 171–72
LaRusso, Nicholas, 117
Las Vegas, Nev., 206
Latin America, 216
Lawrence, D. H., 179
Leadbeater, Charles, 221
Learning Center, 36
Lego, 87, 92, 95
Leonardo da Vinci, 81
Lessig, Lawrence, 114, 115
LG Electronics, 183
Liang, David, 171
linear thinking, 9
Little Mermaid, The, 112
Loehnen, Ben, 9
Loewy, Raymond, 61, 203, 242
London, 2, 60, 104, 222, 224
Los Angeles, 210
Lovins, Amory, 198
Lucky Strike, 61, 203
Luebkeman, Chris, 196–
MacArthur Foundation, 208
McClintock, Barbara, 238
McDonald’s, 107, 171, 210
McDonough, William, 197
Mackey, John, 74
McKim, Bob, 80
McKinsey & Company, 27
Madurai, India, 207–8, 210
Makoto Kakoi, 129
Malawi, 210
Manassei, Hugo, 221
Manchester, England, 2
Mao Zedong, 72
marketing, 13–14, 26, 33, 47, 54, 58, 121, 129, 140–43, 148, 204, 228, 229
Marriott, J. W., 126–27
Marriott Hotels, 96, 122, 123–24
Marriott International, 122
Martin, Roger, 85–86, 176
Massachusetts, 158
Matano, Tom, 28
Mattel, 33–34, 97
Mau, Bruce, 37, 194
Mayo Clinic, 117–18, 169
Mazda, 28
Meccano (Erector Sets), 87
“Medal of Defiance,” 72
Media X, 72
Medtronic, 104
Mercedes, 163
methodology, 64, 85, 99, 117, 169
Metro Health Hospital, 167
Mexico, 194
Mexico City, 155
Meyer May House, 125
Miata concept, 28
Michigan, 123
microfinance, 205–6
microtechnologies, 204
Millennium Development Goals, 217, 219
MINI Cooper, 142–43
Ministry of the Environment, Japanese, 129
Minnesota, 117, 147
Mizrahi, Isaac, 18
Mobile, Ala., 200
mobile phones, 46, 56, 98–99, 100, 155, 181, 191, 215
mobile technology, 181
Model T, 141
Moggridge, Bill, 83, 133–34
Montreal, Canada, 155
Moon, Nick, 204
Moore’s Law, 139, 239
Morita, Akio, 6
Morris, William, 113–14, 115, 228, 242
Morrison, Jasper, 238
Motorola, 171
Mott, Tim, 53
Mozilla, 59
Mr. Clean Magic Reach, 25
multidisciplinary teams, see interdisciplinary teams
Mumbai, India, 155
Munich, Germany, 155, 170
MySpace, 31, 99
Nairobi, Kenya, 50, 204–5
Nano, 153
nanotechnology, 3
Naoki Ito, 129
National Science Museum, 144
Nepal, 210, 225
Nestlé, 171
Netflix, 182, 183–84
New De
lhi, 211
New York, N.Y., 2, 60, 94–95, 109, 143, 167, 181, 210, 213, 225
Nightline, 50
Nike, 60, 79, 159, 220
Nintendo, 18–19, 220
Nisbett, Richard, 66
Nissan, 60, 213
Nobel Prize, 67, 80, 238
Noble, David, 179
Nokia, 46, 47, 48, 98, 155–57, 158, 159, 192
Nonzero (Wright), 132
Norman, Don, 5
North Carolina, 147
Novogratz, Jacqueline, 213–14
Nurture, 167–69
observation:
of consumers, 41, 43–48, 100, 155–56
firsthand, 50–52, 57
insight and, 41, 44, 46, 49, 167
tools of, 45
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), 199
Oliver, Jamie, 219
“One IDEO,” 104
“Onlooker, The,” 54
Ontario, Canada, 196
Ontario College of Art & Design, 224
Onysko, Joshua, 197
Open Architecture Network, 216
Opposable Mind, The (Martin), 85
Oral-B, 193–94
Orange, 179
organizations, see companies
Ormondale, 223
Ovi, 156–57
Oxfordshire, 1
Oxyride, 143–44
Pacific Palisades, Calif., 71
Packard, David, 26, 72
Paddington Station, 2
Palm PDA, 55
Palm Pilot, 54–55
Palm V, 55