York: Routledge, 1999.
Documentary
Interview with Dmitri Likhachev in The Last of the Czars: Part Two—The Shadow of Rasputin, The Discovery Channel, 1996.
INDEX
Achilleion, 211
Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe, Prince, 25
Afghanistan, 41
Aimone, Duke of Aosta, 384
Akershus, 369
Alba, Duke of, 379
Alba Julia, 307
Albert I, King of the Belgians, 170
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince Consort of England, 67, 101
death of, effect on Victoria, 238
Albert Victor, Prince of England (“Eddy”), 3, 39–41
death of, 41
Alcoholics Anonymous, 347
Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia (son of Peter II), 293, 357, 384
Alexander, Grand Duke (“Sandro”), 239, 245, 252, 253, 344–45
Alexander, Prince of Battenberg (“Drino”), 18, 375
Alexander I, King of Greece, 193, 261, 263, 264, 265
birth of, 27
death of, 293–94, 297
liaison with Aspasia Manos, 292–93
as ruler, 291–92
Alexander II, King of Yugoslavia, 308, 352–53
assassination of, 353
Alexander II, Tsar, 6, 142
assassination of, 108
Alexander III, Tsar, 38–39
anti-German feeling of, 42
death of, 54–55
Alexander Palace, 68, 259
Mauve Room, 97–98
Alexander the Great, 179
Alexandra, Princess of Greece (daughter of Alexander I), 298, 309–10, 357, 384
Alexandra, Princess of Saxe-Coburg (“Sandra”), 6
Alexandra, Tsarina of Russia (Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt; “Alicky”), 16, 17, 24, 28, 90, 106–7, 169, 235–36, 246, 252, 255, 259, 265, 269
advises Nicholas II on rulership, 117–18, 237, 240, 241–43, 244–45, 256–58
aids the Russian cause in World War I, 205–7
beauty of, as child, 17
bones of, reburial of, 385
character flaws of, 245
charity work of, 190–91
childbearing of, 62–63, 84, 85, 93–94, 112
childhood of, 5–6, 7–8, 12–13
confidantes of, 67, 120–22, 173–74
coronation of, 68–70
courtship of, 38–46, 50–55
destroys letters and diaries to prevent revolutionaries from seizing them, 258
Alexandra, Tsarina of Russia (continued) encouragement to Nicholas II to be autocrat, 237
execution of, 270–71
feeling for the Russian people, 99–100
first meets Nicholas, 17
girl children born of, 84, 85, 93–94, 112
grief over Rasputin’s assassination, 253
intellectual interests, 243
love for Russia, and worry about, 108
marriage of, 55–57
at outbreak of World War I, 200
people’s hatred of, 217, 222, 240
and Rasputin, 173–78
religious convictions of, 98, 99–100, 110
retreat from public life, 101
Russian patriotism of, 239–40
strict morals of, 66–67, 109–12
support for Nicholas II’s abdication, 257–58
suspected of being pro-German, 235, 239–40
as tsarina, her discomfort as, 58–59, 65–67, 93–94, 97–101, 109–12
views on royal marriage, 192–93
visits Queen Victoria, 72–73
war work of, tending the wounded, 114, 185–86, 221–23
Alexandra of Denmark, Queen Consort of England, 3, 4–5, 8, 41, 56, 77–78, 102, 169, 284, 300
death of, 315
Alexei I, tsar (father of Peter the Great), 115
Alexei Nikolaevitch, Tsarevitch, 115, 187–88, 256, 257, 259, 268, 385
birth of, 115
death of, 270
hemophilia of, 120–22, 172–78, 217–18
Alfonso, Infante (“Ali”), 232
Alfonso, Infante of Spain (Prince of the Asturias; Count of Covadonga; “Alfonsito”), 332, 334, 340, 342, 344, 373
birth of, 149–52
death of, 374
hemophilia of, 162, 317, 334
marriages to commoners, 371, 374
Alfonso, Prince of Spain (son of Jaime), 376, 383
Alfonso, Prince of Spain (son of Juan), 375, 378
Alfonso XII, King of Spain, 29, 164
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain, 170, 229, 306, 337–41, 383
aids prisoners of war of all nations in World War I, 230–31
assassination attempted, 161
birth of, 30
courtships of, 123–31
death of, 374–75
in exile, 344–45
health, 337
illegitimate children of, 233
infidelities of, 168, 233, 295, 335
later years of, 371–74
leaves Spain without abdicating (1931), 340–41
marriage of, and bomb outrage, 139–44
married life of, 163, 165
not taking sides in World War I, 227–28
risk-taking behavior, 125
separation from Ena, 345, 372–73
sports and pastimes of, 233–34
visit to England, 113
visit to Fascist Italy, 315
Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha), 6–7, 12, 14–16, 31
Alfred, Prince of Saxe-Coburg (son of Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh), 15
suicide of, 89
Alice, Princess of Albany, 84
Alice, Princess of Battenberg, 180
Alice, Princess of Great Britain (Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt), 5, 7–8
tragic death of, 8
Alice, Princess of Greece, 180
Allies. See World War I; World War II Amalienborg Palace, 77
American people, Marie of Romania’s high opinion of, 326–27
Anastasia (“Stana”), Princess of Montenegro, 94
Anastasia Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess, 187, 192, 259
birth of, 93
death of, 270
Anderson, Anna, 187
Andrew, Prince of Greece, 236, 262, 306
Ankara, 300, 302
Anne, Princess of Bourbon-Parma, 384
Anne Marie of Denmark, Queen Consort of Greece, 384
anti-Catholicism, 128
Anti-Tuberculosis League, 295
Anton, Archduke of Habsburg-Lothringen, 336, 352
Antonescu, Ion, 384
Anual, 294
Appleton House, 71, 102, 314
Argetoianu, Constantin, 365
Arlington National Cemetery, 323
Armistice Day, 279
Asia Minor campaign, 208, 299–303
Astor, Nancy (Nancy Shaw), 104–6, 156, 282, 399n. Astor, Pauline, 103–4
Astor, Waldorf, 109, 154, 282, 363
friendship with Marie of Romania, 103–6
Astor, William Waldorf, 103
Asturias, Prince of the, 151
Ataturk, 299–300
Athens, 21, 261–62, 264, 303–4
Allied bombardment and occupation of, 246–49
atrocities and massacres, 255, 302–3, 373
Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 134, 147
Augusta of Weimar, Empress of Germany (married to Wilhelm I), 9
Auguste Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein, Empress of Germany (married to Wilhelm II; “Dona”), 25–26
Austria, anschluss with Nazi Germany, 363
Austria-Hungary 202, 203, 205, 207, 214, 214, 274
collapse of, 278
starts World War I, 199
Averescu, General Alexandra, 278, 327
Axis. .See World War II Baha’i religion, 349
Balcic, 352, 365
Balfour, Arthur, 256
Balkan League,
179–80
Balkan Wars First, 180
Second, 183
Balkans, 201, 202
Balmoral, 7, 72
Baltic Fleet, destruction of, 115–16
Baltic Sea, 216
Baltic states, 268
Banat, 283
Barcelona, revolutionary actions in (1909), 160–61
Barthou, Louis, 353
Battenberg family, 18–19, 28, 74, 125, 126, 266
morganatic blood in, 113
Battle of Anual, 294
Battle of Mukden, 115
Battle of Plevna, 307
Battle of the Marne, 204
Battle of Tsushima, 115–16
Beatrice, Princess of Great Britain (married Henry of Battenberg), 131, 138, 142, 151, 162, 228, 338
death of, 375
marriage of, 17–18
widowhood of, 73–74
Beatrice, Princess of Saxe-Coburg (“Bea”), 6, 232, 332, 342
Beatriz, Infanta (Princess of Civitella-Cesi), 168, 316, 334
Belgium, 199
Bennett, Margery, 349
Benson, E. F, 243–44
Berenguer, Damaso, 338
Berlin court, 9–10
Bernadotte family, 132
Bessarabia, 278, 281, 283
Romania’s desire for, 202–3
Bialowieza, Poland, 99
Bibesco, Marthe, 154, 205, 215
Bibesco family, 154
Bigge, Sir Arthur, 83
Bismarck, Otto von, 4, 11, 19
Black Week, 86
Blasco Ibanez, Vicente, 234
Bloody Sunday (January 22, 1905), 107, 116
Boehme, Jakob, 243
Boer War, 86, 256
Bolsheviks, 117, 269, 270–71, 275, 359–60
propaganda in other countries, 278, 285
seize power, 267
Boris, Grand Duke, 70, 88, 112–13
Botkin, Dr. Eugene, 172, 173, 253, 259, 268, 271
Botkin, Gleb, 253, 268
Bourbon, Spanish House of, 123, 139, 162, 380
Boyd Carpenter, William, Bishop of Ripon, 53, 84, 94, 98, 142, 151, 162, 177, 178, 223
Boyle, “Klondike” Joe, 275–77, 278, 281, 282, 285, 286, 312–13, 325
Bran Castle, 312, 331, 352
Brandram, Lady Katherine (Princess of Greece), 20, 27, 95, 182, 193, 237, 246, 303, 318, 348, 357, 359, 384
Brandram, Major Richard, 384
Brasov, 312
Bratianu, Ion, 154, 188, 207, 209, 278, 281–82, 320, 328
Bricka, Mme, 63
Brindle, Monsignor Robert, Bishop of Nottingham, 128, 129
British Empire, rivalry with Russia, 41
Brown, John, 238–39
Brusilov offensive, 218
Buchanan, Sir George, 239, 242, 244
Bucharest, 47, 280
bombing raid on, 218
fall to Germans, 220
licentious life of, 75
Royal Palace in, 47
salons of, 60–62
Buchman, Dr. Frank, 346
Buckingham Palace, 282
Buftea, 219
Bukovina, 278, 283
Bulgaria, 179, 183, 201, 202, 216, 218, 278
threat to Greece from, 202
bullfighting, 169
Biilow, Bernhard von, 133
Buxhoeveden, Baroness Sophie, 186
Byelorussia, 268
Bygdoy estate, 148
Byzantium, 182–83, 262
new, dream of, 262
Callimachi, Princess, 154
Cambridge, Duke of, 34
Cantacuzene, Zizi, 78, 87
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 128
Caraiman, Carol (pseudonym of Carol II), 323
Carisbrooke, Marchioness of, 342
Carisbrooke, Marquis of (formerly Maurice of Battenberg), 266
Carl, Prince of Denmark. See Haakon VII, King of Norway Carlists, 169, 391n.
Carlos, Don, 391n.
Carlos I of Portugal, assassination of, 161
Carmen, Maria del, 383
Carol I, King of Romania, 32–34, 37, 87, 184
death of, 204–5
intention to join Central Powers in World War I, 203–4
relations with Marie of Romania, 47–49, 88, 155
work habits of, 60
Carol II, King of Romania, 76, 184, 305, 315, 323, 328, 336, 384–85
birth of, 49
breakdown of marriage with Helen, and divorce, 307–8, 328–29, 332–34
courtships, 188–92
deserts his regiment, 277–78
desire to reclaim place as heir, 327
liaison with Elena Lupescu, 302
liaison with Zizi Lambrino, 277–78, 285–86
marriage to Helen of Greece, 297–98
maturing of, 256
persecutes his relatives, 346, 350–52, 362, 364–65
plot to seize throne, 329–30
removed from line of succession (1925), 321
renounces Helen for Lupescu, 319–21
tyrannical rule of, 333–34, 336, 354–55
upbringing of, 86–87, 188–89
usurps throne from his son Michael, 331–32
Carroll, Colonel John H., 326
Castellani, Dr. Aldo, 362–63
Catherine Palace, 221
Catherine the Great, 68
Catholic Emancipation Act, 128
Catholicism. See Roman Catholicism Central Powers. See World War I Chamberlain, Sir Austen, 316
Charlotte of Prussia, Princess (“Charly”), 9, 33, 61–62
Cheka, 270
child rearing, English style of, 234
childbirth, use of chloroform in, 49
Christiana, Royal Palace in, 146
Christianity, 348
Christopher, Prince of Greece, 235, 263, 292–93, 296, 303, 309, 356
Church Association, 127
Churchill, Winston, 282, 399n.
Civil Directory (Spain), 336
Clemenceau, Georges, 281–82
Cliveden, 103
Coburg, 14, 38–39, 45, 49, 87–88
Cochin, Denys, 212
Cochrane, Colonel and Lady, 141
Cochrane, Hilda, 293, 318, 358, 359
Codreanu, Corneliu, 352
Cole, the Reverend R. W., 329, 347–49, 357–58
Collier, William Miller, 139
Coloma, Padre Luis, 233
Communism, 359–60, 384
conjugal rights, 36
Conroy, Sir John, 14–15
Constantine I, King of Greece, 71–72, 195, 208, 235–36, 246, 247, 292, 297, 383
abdication (1922), 303
assassination attempt, 236–37
birth of, 20–21
campaign in Turkey (1921), 300
death of, 306
effect of Russian Revolution on position of, 260
flees Greece (1909), 158
ill health of, 305–6
infidelities of, 181
marriage of, 21–22
military achievements, 80–82, 157, 179–80, 182
return of (1920), 295–96
and Sophie, prophecy of, that Byzantium would be restored, 182–83
suspected to be pro-German, 210–11, 212–13
threatened by Wilhelm II at start of World War I, 201–2
Constantine II, King of Greece, 384
Constantine XI Palaeologus, 262
Constantinople, 22
fall of, 262
Coolidge, Calvin, 324
Copenhagen, 76
Corbani, Aldo, 376
Corfu, 211
Cotroceni Palace, Bucharest, 75, 103, 205
Crete, 79
union with Greece, 157
Crimea, 190
Cuba, 123
Curtea de Arges, 211, 328, 365
Curzon, Lord, 282, 286, 298
Cyril, Grand Duke, 108
Czernin, Count Ottokar, 155–56, 214
Dacia (Roman province), 307
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Dardanelles campaign, 208, 210, 216
Darmstadt, 5, 7, 24, 50
Dato, Eduardo, 294
de Bunsen, Lady, 138
deBunsen, Sir Maurice, 84, 141, 142, 161
de Schelking, Eugene, 192
Dehn, Lili, 66, 67, 187, 257, 258, 259, 266
del Carmen, Maria, 383
Denmark, 9, 230
arrival of Charles and Maud in, 72
weather of, 76
diphtheria, 8
Disraeli, Benjamin, 8
Dissesscu, Aristitza, 327
divorce, 108
Dmitri, Grand Duke, 250–53
Dobruja region, 275, 283
Doletti, Joana, 350, 362, 363
Doom, 356
Dostoyevsky Fyodor, 136
Duca, Jean, 352 “Ducky”. See Victoria, Princess of Saxe-Coburg Duma (Russian Parliament), 118, 119, 242, 244
Eastbourne, 261
Eastern Front, 205
Eastwell Manor, 6
Edinburgh, Duchess of, 40
Edward VII, King of England (Prince of Wales), 19, 71, 127, 149, 194
coronation of, 102
court of, 110–11
death and funeral, 169–70
infidelities of, 4, 110–11
as Prince of Wales, 3, 4, 19
reign of, 102
view on Ena’s marriage, 128
view on Norwegian throne offer, 132–35
Edward VIII, King of England (“David”), 360
abdication, 361, 367–68
Edwardian era, women of, 111
Egerton, Edward, 81
Ekaterinburg, 269–71, 385
El Escorial, 342
Elisabeth, Queen Consort of Carol I of Romania (Elisabeth of Wied; Carmen Sylva), 33–34, 76, 86, 104
death of, 211–12
Germanophilia of, 203–4
return to Romania from exile, 60
views on marriage, 280–81
Elisabetta, Princess of Romania (“Ellena”), 76, 85, 256, 301, 384
breakdown of marriage with George II, 309, 361–62
marriage to George II of Greece, 296–98
refusal to have a child, 309
Elizabeth, Empress of Russia (eighteenth century), 68
Elizabeth, Princess of Hesse-Darnstadt (“Ella”), 5, 17, 41, 44, 46, 50, 55, 51, 70, 90, 174, 250
Elizabeth, Queen Consort of George VI of England, 367, 368
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 367 “Ella”. See Elizabeth, Princess of Hesse-Darnstadt Elliot, Sir Francis, 157, 159, 246, 249, 261, 264
Enescu, George, 60, 275
England, 199, 203, 236
shopping in, 72
English traditions in foreign courts, 7–8, 10–11, 15–16, 64, 166, 193
Entente. See World War I Ernest, Grand Duke of Hesse (Ernst;“Ernie”), 5, 8, 23–24
divorce, 108
marriage to Victoria of Saxe-Coburg, 38–39
Ethiopia, 360
Eugenie, Empress of France, 18, 83, 161
Eulalia, Infanta, 165, 231, 301, 306, 359
Faberge, Peter Carl, 190
Falkenhayn, Erich von, 218
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