Mossolov, A. A., 176, 186 “Mossy.” See Margrete, Princess of Prussia Mountbatten, Lord Leopold, 266
Mussolini, Benito, 315, 352, 359, 360
Nagorny (Romanov retainer), 269
Napoleon III, 18
National Peasant Party (Romania), 331
Nazier-Vachot, Philippe, 94
Nazism, 384
Neues Palais, Potsdam, 3, 10, 20
New Palace, Darmstadt, 5
Nicholas, Grand Duke of Russia (“Nikolasha”), 117–18
commands Russian armies, 217
Nicholas, Prince of Greece (son of George I), 23, 81, 202, 211, 236, 248–49, 262, 263, 293, 303
Nicholas, Prince of Romania, 256, 282, 322, 329, 331, 332, 361, 362, 363, 365, 385
birth of, 108–9
marriage of, 349–50
weakness of, 346
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia, 7, 17, 22, 199, 218, 223, 235, 246, 253, 258
abdication of, 257–58, 260
ascends to throne, 54–55
attacked in press, 266
attitude toward Rasputin, 174
bones of, reburial of, 385
childhood of, 9
coronation of, 68–70
country retreats of, 98–99
courtship of, 38–46, 50–55
ends autocracy and grants constitution, 117–19
execution of, 270–71
implored by Alexandra to be autocrat, 237, 241–43, 244–45
lack of training as tsar, 67
last days of rule of, 256–58
marriage of, 55–57
at outbreak of World War I, 200
religious convictions of, 100
retreat from public life, 98–101
takes personal command of armies, 217
as tsar, troubles of, 58–59
visits Queen Victoria, 72–73
Nichols, Beverly, 310–11, 351
Noel, Gerard, 130
North American Newspaper Alliance, 323
Norway, 200, 337, 383
neutrality of, in World War I, 231
republic vs. monarchy question, 131–35
separation from Sweden, 119–20
Norwegian royal family, 314
nursing, by royals, 82–83, 180, 185, 221–23
Nygaardsvold, Johann, 369
Oberliani, Sonia, 186
October Manifesto of 1905, 242
Odessa, 275
Olav V, King of Norway (Alexander of Denmark), 90, 146, 314–15, 367, 369, 383
birth of, 103
English education of, 314
marries Martha of Sweden, 337
name change, 135
Olga Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, 65, 67, 136, 176–77, 369–70
Olga Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess, 186, 221, 256, 270
birth of, 62–63
courtships, 188–92
Olga of Russia, Queen Consort of Greece, 82–83, 159, 181, 182, 253, 293, 383
death of, 322
Olympic Games, 78
Order of St. Vincent de Paul, 184
Order of the Red Cross, 83
Orlando, Vittorio, 281
Orleans, Princess Helene d’, 40, 43
Oropus, 264, 303
orphans, royal, 30
Osborne House, 7, 10
Oscar II, King of Sweden, 120, 134
Ostheim, Paola, Countess von, 181
Ottoman Empire, 79
and Greece, 79–83
weakness of, 178–80
Oxford Group, 347
Oxford University, 347
Pacelli, Cardinal Eugenio (later Pope Pius XII), 372, 374
Pact of San Sebastian, 338
Pakula, Hannah, 172
Palairet, Michael, 346
Paleologue, Maurice, 137, 217, 239, 240
Palermo, 305
Panker, 318
Pantazzi, Ethel, 224
Paola, Princess of Saxe-Weimar, 179
Pares, Sir Bernard, 254
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 281–83, 299
Patricia of Connaught (“Patsy”), 124
Patriotic League of Greek Women, 248
Paul, Grand Duke, 217, 257
Paul I, King of Greece, 378, 383, 384
birth of, 193
Peasants’ Revolt of 1907 (Romania), 153, 156
Peles Castle, 204
Pelishor, 298, 364
Peter II, King of Yugoslavia, 384, 385
birth, 308–9
Peter the Great of Russia, 68, 115
Peterhof, 98
Petrograd, 236
revolutionary troubles in, 254–55
petroleum, 220
Phalerum, 211
Philip II of Spain, 139
Philippines, 123
Pilar, Princess of Spain (cousin of Alfonso XIII), 227
Pilar, Princess of Spain (daughter of Juan), 375
Piraeus, 263
Pius X, Pope, 151
Pius XI, Pope, 306
Pius XII, Pope, 374
Playfair, Dr., 150
Plessen, Baron von, 82
Ploesti, 220
Pobedonostsev, Constantin, 94
Poincare, Raymond, 282
Poland, 205, 268
Ponsonby Sir Frederick, 96, 148
Ponsonby Sir Henry, 48
Portugal, 234 Potemkin, battleship, 116
Primo de Rivera, General Miguel, 294, 315, 336
Probyn, Sir Dighton, 194–95
Protestant Alliance, 127
Protestantism, 129, 130
renunciation of, 127–31
Protopopov, Alexander, 244
Prussia, growth of power of, 3–4
Pskov, 257
Pucci, Sister, 184
Puerto Rico, 123
Purishkevitch, Vladimir, 250–51
Queen’s Fund for the Wounded (Spain), 230
Rainier, Prince, 379
Rasputin, Grigory 120, 136–37, 173–78, 241–42, 244, 245
assassination of, 250–54
cures Alexei from afar, 217–18
harm to monarchy’s prestige from, 237–39
opposed to Russia’s participation in World War I, 205
prediction of own assassination, 252, 254
Rattigan, Frank, 286
Red Cross, 230, 285, 294, 342, 380
Reid, James, 348
religion a consideration in marriages of royals, 35, 43–44
conversions of royals, 25–27, 42, 51–55, 98, 127–31
revolution, spread of, from country to country, 156
Rhineland, invasion of, 361
Riff mountain tribesmen, 160
Rodzianko, Mikhail, 244, 254
Rolfs, Dr. (Dr. X), 14–16
Roman Catholicism, 40, 233
and disqualification for English throne, 35, 127–31
Romania, 200, 384
after World War I, 285–86
Bolshevik propaganda directed against, 278, 285
choice of sides in World War I, 202–4, 207, 214–15
conduct of World War I, 240–41, 255–56, 274–79
considered a barbaric land, 34, 46
enters World War I on Allied side, 218–21
fate of, after World War I, 281–83
German occupation of, 240
immoral society of, 47–48, 75–76, 109–10
insurrection of 1907, 153, 156
land reform in, 278–79
political crisis of 1929, 331
regency on behalf of Michael, 329–30, 331–32
scuttling of oil fields of, to keep from German hands, 220–21
territorial ambitions of (Greater Romania), 202–4, 207, 278, 281–83, 307
Romanian court immorality of, 75–76, 109–10
liaisons within, 154
Romanian royal family, 33
marriage alliances, 296–98
Romanov family, 49, 186, 253
need for a male heir, 85, 93, 115
Nicholas II’s estrangement from,
253
objecting to grant of constitution, 117–18
three hundredth anniversary of reign, 185
Victoria’s low opinion of, 41
Rosebery Lord, 35
Rothermere, Viscount, 329
royalty behavior expected of, 141
elected, 134, 147, 148
European, effect of World War I on, 200
expected not to marry natives of a country, 292
prerogatives of, 243–44
training in how to act, 28–29, 106, 141
Rubinstein, Arthur, 229
Ruiz Moragas, Carmen, 335
Rumbold, Sir Horace, 316–17
Russia, 202, 203, 207, 220, 274, 385
animosity toward Germany, 45
assassinations in, 108
capital cities, 68–69
constitution granted by Nicholas II (October Manifesto), 117–19
economic strain from World War I, 216
elite society of, 66–67
enters into World War I, 199
expansionism of, 41
fighting in World War I, 216, 239–40
and France, 42–43
landowners and peasants in, and small middle class, 226–27
military casualties in World War I, 205–7, 216–17, 221–23, 272
ministers during World War I, incompetence of, 238, 244
revolutionary movements and demonstrations in, 106–8, 116–17
troops in Romania, 256
withdraws from World War I fighting and signs separate peace, 268
Russian court licentious lifestyle of, 66, 109–10
splendor of, 96–97
Russian Orthodox Church, 42, 51–55, 98, 99–100, 135–36, 177, 385
Russian Revolution, 260
beginnings of, 254–55
predictions of, 217
Russian royal family dethronement of, 200, 257
execution of, 270–71
exile to England proposed and denied, 266
exiled to Tobolsk and Ekaterinburg, 267–70
high moral standards of, 269–70
placed under house arrest, with their retainers, 258–59, 260, 265–67
taunted by captors, 265
Russo-Japanese War, 106–7, 114–16, 118
Russo-Turkish War of 1876–1877, 33, 202
Saint-Aulaire, comte de, 281
St. Petersburg, 117, 236
court of, 97, 109
as Russian capital, 68
Sakarya River, 300
Salisbury, Lord, Prime Minister, 79, 80
Salisbury, Marquis of, 395, n. Salonika, 235
capture of, 179–80
Sampedro-Ocejo y Robato, Edelmira, 371, 374
Sanchez Guerra, Jose, 338
Sandringham, 5
Santander, 377
Sarrail, M.-P.-E., 235
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, house of, 266
Sazanov, Sergei, 176, 192
Schenk, Baron, 211
Schleswig-Holstein, 41
Scott, Lady Charles, 76
Sell, Dr., 42 Semana Trdgica, 160
Seraphim, Saint, 94
Serbia, 179, 183
Serge, Grand Duke, 17, 41, 70, 142
assassination of, 108
Shaw, Nancy. See Astor, Nancy Shoemaker, Dr. Samuel, 347
Siberia, 268
Sigmaringen, 215
Simpson, Wallis, 361, 367–68
Sinaia, 153, 297, 298, 364
Sioux Indians, Marie of Romania’s visit to, 325 “Sitta.” See Helen, Princess of Greece Smyrna (Izmir, Turkey), 299–300, 302–3
Snell, Lord, 369
Sofia, Princess of Greece, Consort of Spain, 378, 380, 381, 383, 384
Sol, Dona, 232
Somerset, Lady Geraldine, 34
Sophie, Queen Consort of Greece (Sophia, Princess of Prussia), 28, 34, 36, 43, 49, 51, 52, 71–72, 102, 214, 247, 254, 297, 300, 302, 309, 310, 312, 329, 363, 383, 384
birth of, 3–4
care for wounded soldiers, 82–83, 184
charity work, 193
childbearing of, 24–25, 84–85
childhood of, 9–11, 19–20
children of, 178
conversion to Greek Orthodoxy, 25–27
death of, 358–59
Englishness of, 310–11, 318
first meets Constantine, 18
flees Greece (1909), 158
health, 357–58
later years of, 318–19, 356–57
life in exile, and longing for Greece and England, 318–19
love of Greece, 95
marriage, 21–22
as queen, 306–7
relations with Marie of Romania, 312
returns to Greece (1910), 159
snubbed by former friends after World War I, 291, 298, 318
spiritual faith of, 347–49
suspected of being pro-German, 210–11, 235–36
tree-planting campaign, 301
Souls, the, 111
South Africa, 86
Soviet Union, 285, 359–60
Spain, 200, 383
dictatorships in, 336
dynastic struggles in, 30–31
elections of 1931, 339
landowners and peasants in, and small middle class, 226–27
loss of empire, 123
Monarchists vs. Republicans in, 337–40
neutrality during World War I, 227–28, 234
revolutionary movements in, 160–61, 294, 338
Young vs. Old Spain, 338–39
Spala, 99, 175
Spanish-American war, 123
Spanish Civil War, 373
Spanish court, customs of, 150, 164, 166–67
Spanish royal family exiled from Spain (1931), 340–43
hope of restoration of, 373–74, 377–81
Stalin, Joseph, 360
Stamfordham, Lord, 266 staretz of Russia, 136–37
Stella Maris chapel, 352, 365
Stirbey, Barbo, 172, 188, 205, 209, 218, 273, 277, 278, 279, 281, 286, 312, 320, 327, 328, 333, 364, 365
liaison with Marie, 153–55, 219–20
Stirbey, Elise, 154
Stirbey, Nadeje, 153, 219
Stolypin, Peter, 174
Stormer, Dr., 364
Strelitz, Augusta, 138
Stiirmer, Boris, 218, 244
Sweden, 235, 337
separation from Norway, 119–20
Taneeva, Anna (later Viroubova), 120
Tatiana Nikolaevna, Grand Duchess, 84, 187, 192, 221, 256, 270
Tatoi, 237, 246, 263–64, 293, 301
Teck, Duchess of (mother of Frank), 63
Tenya-Yuvah (“the Nest”), 331, 360
Theophanes, Archimandrite, 136
Theotokis, John, 211
Theotokis, Nicholas, 211, 247
Tobolsk, 267, 269
Toledo, Archbishop of, 139
Tolstoy, Leo, 243
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington, Va.), 323
Transylvania, 203, 207, 218, 278, 281, 283, 307, 312, 329
Treaty of Brest Litovsk, 268
Treaty of Bucharest, 275
Treaty of Portsmouth, 116
Treaty of Versailles, 361
Trepov, Alexander, 244
Tripoli, 179
Trondheim, 147
Tsar of Russia, as autocrat, 200, 241–43
Tsarskoe Selo, 68, 97–98, 114, 260, 265
Tuchman, Barbara, 111, 118
Turkey, 41, 201, 208, 216, 218
and Greece, 299–300
nationalism in, under Ataturk, 299–300
typhoid, 224
typhus, 220
Ukraine, 268
Union of Greek Women, 82
United States, 281
Marie of Romania’s high opinion of, 326–27
Vacarescu, Helene, 34
Valloton, Henri, 165
Venizelos, Eleutherios, 157, 158, 179, 207–8, 210, 212–13, 235–36, 292, 299
actions against the mona
rchy, 249, 264
anathema carried out against, 249–50
dream of Greater Greece, 264–65, 300
exile of, 295
Versailles, 4
Viana, Marquis of, 232–33, 335
Victoria, Princess of England (daughter of Edward VII) (“Toria”), 3, 23, 28, 78, 284, 360
Victoria, Princess of Hesse (daughter of Louis IV), 5, 34
Victoria, Princess of Saxe-Coburg (Grand Duchess of Hesse; “Ducky”), 6, 23–24, 31, 50, 70, 90, 121, 361
divorce and remarriage to Kyril, 108
marriage to Ernst of Hesse, 38–39
Victoria, Princess Royal of England (Empress Frederick; “Vicky”), 3, 9–11, 15, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36, 43, 46, 49, 51, 56, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86
correspondence of, 22
hostility to, in German court, 19–20
painful death of, 95–96
Victoria, Queen of England (Empress of India), 6, 16, 17, 23, 25, 26, 28–29, 33, 48, 49, 54, 55, 56, 58, 62, 72, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 86, 88, 98, 128, 258
and Boer War, 256
childhood of, 14–15
death and funeral, 89–90
devotion to duty of, 86
Diamond Jubilee (1897), 84
Golden Jubilee (1887), 18
granddaughters’ visits to, 7–13
and John Brown, 238–39
role in marriage arrangements, 33–35, 40, 51–52, 64–65
length of reign, 73
role in rearing of granddaughters, 12–13, 28–29
royal presence of, 66
spiritual faith of, 349
view on her own royal powers, 243–44, 256
views on marriage, 37, 93, 395n. widowhood of, 101
Victoria and Sion, Bishop of, 129
Victoria Eugenie, Queen Consort of Spain (Royal Princess of England; Ena of Battenberg), 89, 90, 98, 102, 383
birth of, 18
childhood of, 28–30
children of, 149, 170–71, 226, 334–35
conversion to Roman Catholicism, 127–31
courtships of, 112–13, 124–31
Victoria Eugenie, Queen Consort of Spain (continued) death and tributes, 381
elegance of dress, 317
enemies at court, 232–33
in exile, 344
exile in Lausanne, 375–77
favored the Allied side during World War I, 227–28
health, 379, 381
health care advocacy of, 229–31, 294–95
later years of, 371–81
learns Spanish, 126, 164–65, 335
leaves England for Spain, 138
marriage of, and assassination attempt, 139–44
married life, 163, 165
maternal relation to children, 317
musical passion of, 228–29
not popular in Spain, 343
political involvements, 315–17
at Queen Victoria’s funeral, 89–90
reading, love of, 233–34
returns to Spain (1968), 379–81
riding accident as child, 29
separation from Alfonso XIII, 345, 372–73
social life of, 317–18
suspicion of, in Spain, 142–43, 165–66, 168–69
Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria Page 63