A Fine Brother: The Life of Captain Flora Sandes

by Louise Miller

White, Leigh, The Long Balkan Night (New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944)

  LFH

  Dearmer, Mabel, Letters from a Field Hospital (London: Macmillan, 1916)

  LGP

  Dixon, Jess, ed., Little Grey Partridge (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1988)

  LLV

  Bosanquet, Robert Carr, Letters and Light Verse (Gloucester: John Bellows, 1938)

  LOS

  Holland, D., Serbia: The Land of ‘Sutra’ (London: Harrods Ltd., [c. 1917])

  LS

  Burgess, Alan, The Lovely Sergeant (London: Heinemann, 1963)

  LSW

  Alport, Major A. Cecil, The Lighter Side of the War (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1934)

  MAS

  Rutherford, Colonel N.J.C., Memories of an Army Surgeon (London: Stanley Paul & Co., 1939)

  MBL

  Abraham, J. Johnson, My Balkan Log (New York, NY: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1922)

  MC

  Villari, Luigi, The Macedonian Campaign (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1922)

  MFS

  Frothingham, Helen Losanitch, Mission for Serbia (New York, NY: Walker & Co., 1970)

  MMH

  Morrison, Kenneth, Montenegro: A Modern History (London: I.B. Tauris, 2009)

  MOMI

  Falls, Cyril, Military Operations Macedonia, Vol. I (London: Imperial War Museum, 1996)

  MOMII

  Falls, Cyril, Military Operations Macedonia, Vol. II (London: Imperial War Museum, 1996)

  MP

  Dodds, E.R., Missing Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977)

  MSY

  Fitch, Henry, My Mis-Spent Youth (London: Macmillan, 1937)

  NAB

  Farnam, Ruth S., A Nation at Bay (Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1918)

  NAV

  Brock, Ray, Nor Any Victory (New York, NY: Raynal & Hitchcock, 1942)

  NQY

  Banac, Ivo, The National Question in Yugoslavia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1984)

  OWW

  King, Hazel, ed., One Woman at War: The Letters of Olive King, 1915–1920 (Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1986)

  PAR

  Macmillan, Margaret, Paris 1919 (New York, NY: Random House, 2003)

  PSS

  Wilson, Francesca M., Portraits and Sketches of Serbia (London: Swarthmore Press, 1920)

  PTC

  Saramandic, Ljubomir, Pilgrimage to Corfu, 3rd ed. (Belgrade: Tetraton, 2004)

  QA

  Fry, A. Ruth, A Quaker Adventure (London: Nisbet & Co. 1926)

  QM

  Krippner, Monica, The Quality of Mercy (London: David & Charles, 1980)

  RCS

  Corbett, Elsie, Red Cross in Serbia 1915–1919 (Banbury, Oxon: Cheney & Sons Ltd, 1964)

  RD

  Wilson, Francesca M., Rebel Daughter of a Country House: The Life of Eglantyne Jebb (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1967)

  RND

  Fryer, Charles E.J., The Royal Navy on the Danube (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1988)

  SCW

  Mitchell, Ruth, The Serbs Choose War (New York, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc., 1943)

  SEG

  Sturzenegger, C., La Serbie en guerre 1914–1916 (Paris: Neuchâtel, Delachaux & Niestlé s.a., 1916)

  SF

  Wood, William T., and Mann, A.J., The Salonika Front (London: A&C Black, 1920)

  SH

  Burr, Malcolm, Slouch Hat (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1935)

  SJ

  Abraham, J. Johnston, Surgeon’s Journey (London: Heinemann, 1957)

  SMFL

  Djordjevic, Dimitrije, Scars and Memory: Four Lives in One Lifetime (Boulder, CO: East European Monographs, 1997)

  SRCU

  Berry, James, et al., The Story of a Red Cross Unit in Serbia (London: J.&A. Churchill, 1916)

  TF

  Strong, Richard P., Typhus Fever with Particular Reference to the Serbian Epidemic (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1920)

  TM

  Staley, Mildred E., A Tapestry of Memories (Honolulu, HI: Hilo Tribune Herald, 1944)

  TSC

  Gordon-Smith, Gordon, Through the Serbian Campaign (London: Hutchinson & Co., 1916)

  UDE

  Wakefield, Alan, and Moody, Simon, Under the Devil’s Eye (Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing, 2004)

  UTF

  Livingston, St Clair, and Steen-Hansen, Ingeborg, Under Three Flags (London: Macmillan, 1916)

  WBH

  Fairclough, Henry Rushton, Warming Both Hands (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1941)

  WCF

  Yovitchitch, Lena A., Within Closed Frontiers, 2nd edn. (London: W.&R. Chambers, 1956)

  WEE

  Reed, John, The War in Eastern Europe (New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916)

  WIY

  Alexander, Nora, Wanderings in Yugoslavia (London: Skeffington & Son, 1936)

  WRY

  Tomasevich, Jozo, War and Revolution in Yugoslavia: 1941–1945 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1975)

  WSA

  Paget, Lady, With Our Serbian Allies, Second Report (Woking and London: Gresham Press, 1916)

  WSB

  Walshe, Douglas, With the Serbs in Macedonia (London: John Lane, The Bodley Head, 1920)

  WSE

  Jones, Fortier, With Serbia into Exile (New York, NY: Grosset & Dunlap, 1916)

  WV

  Rayner, Louisa, Women in a Village (London: William Heinemann, 1957)

  WWU

  Hutton, I. Emslie, With a Women’s Unit in Serbia, Salonika and Sebastopol (London: Williams & Norgate, 1928)

  2. Newspapers, Magazines and Journals

  A/ITB

  ‘In the Balkans’, Argus [Melbourne], 1st January 1916

  A/MA

  ‘A Modern Amazon’, Argus [Melbourne], 7th June 1920

  AG/RD

  ‘Rothbury: Death of Dr W.R. Ridley’, Alnwick & County Gazette, 14th November 1914

  BC/SMI

  ‘Seven-Medalled Irishwoman Comes to Bulawayo: Soldier in Two Wars’, Bulawayo Chronicle, 27th July 1945

  BJN/BN

  ‘British Nurses in Serbia’, British Journal of Nursing, 9th January 1915

  BJN/NW

  ‘Nursing and the War’, British Journal of Nursing, 8th April 1916

  BM/DD

  Fraser, L.E., ‘Diary of a Dresser in the Serbian Unit of the Scottish Women’s Hospitals’, Blackwood’s Magazine, June 1915

  BM/MAW

  de Liaison, Officer, ‘My Albanian Winter’, Blackwood’s Magazine, January 1917

  BMS/TG

  MacGlade, A., ‘Two Girls and a Car in France’, Badminton Magazine of Sport and Pastimes, November 1911

  CA/ASW

  Baker, Sophia, ‘Among the Servian Wounded’ [letter to the editor dated 6th April 1915], Croydon Advertiser [date unknown]

  CT/SS

  ‘Serbia’s Sacrifice’, Croydon Times, 16th March 1918, in the Flora Sandes Collection

  DC/DL

  ‘Dartford Lady’s Experiences in Serbia’, Dartford Chronicle and District Times, 9th July 1915

  DE/FSI

  ‘Lieut. Flora Sandes’, Daily Examiner [Grafton, Australia], 19th August 1920

  DE/FSII

  ‘Lieut. Flora Sandes’, Daily Examiner [Grafton, Australia], 24th August 1920

  DE/FSIII

  ‘Lieut. Flora Sandes’, Daily Examiner [Grafton, Australia], 26th August 1920

  DE/LS

  ‘Lieut. Sandes’, Daily Examiner [Grafton, Australia], 21st August 1920

  DM/HF

  ‘Heard First War News’, Daily Mirror, 24th March 1937

  DM/HGS

  ‘Heroic Girl Soldier’, Daily Mirror, 11th May 1916

  DX/WSM

  ‘Woman Sergeant Major Appeal for Comforts for the Serbian Army’, Daily Express, 21st December 1917

  EAT/FH

  ‘Flora, Heroine of the Trenches’, East Anglian Times, 15th March 1988

  F
WDN/ND

  ‘Nurse Decorated by Serbian Royalty’, Fort Wayne Daily News, 7th July 1916

  HFWW/DB

  Palmer, Alan, ‘Defeat of Bulgaria’, History of the First World War: Collapse of Bulgaria, Vol. VII, No. 11 (London: BPC Publishing, 1971)

  HM/WBF

  Folks, Homer, ‘War, Best Friend of Disease’, Harper’s Monthly Magazine, March 1920

  HOM/WP

  Fedunkiw, Marianne P., ‘Women Physicians Serving in Serbia, 1915–1917: The Story of Dorothea Maude’, History of Medicine, Vol. IV, No. 1, 2007

  HT/RB

  Palmer, Alan, ‘Revolt in Belgrade’, History Today, Vol. X, No. 3, March 1960

  HT/SOS

  Palmer, Alan, ‘Shadow over Serbia: The Black Hand’, History Today, Vol. VIII, No. 12, December 1958

  II/KSS

  ‘Kerrywoman Soldier in Serbia’, Irish Independent, 2nd January 1917

  IS/OMS

  Corey, Herbert, ‘“Our Miss Simmonds” of America Is Heroine of the Stricken Serbs’, Idaho Statesman, 11th February 1917

  JMH/AHC

  Rothenberg, Gunther E., ‘The Austro-Hungarian Campaign Against Serbia in 1914’, Journal of Military History, April 1989

  JS/WE

  ‘War Experiences of a Woman Soldier in Yugoslavia’, Star [Johannesburg], 2nd October 1945

  L/NWB

  Phillips, I.E., ‘The Nurse Who Became a Soldier’, Legionary, Vol. XXX, No. 2, July 1955

  LDN/VD

  ‘Victims Dying like Flies’, Lincoln Daily News, 21st May 1915

  LI/HM

  Simmonds, Emily, ‘With the Hungry in Macedonia’, Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly Newspaper, 15th December 1917

  LI/WW

  Estep, Edwin Ralph, ‘Women’s Work on the Serbian Front’, Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly Newspaper, 7th June 1917

  LM/CY

  Lane, Arthur Bliss, ‘Conquest in Yugoslavia’, Life Magazine, 15th September 1941

  LP/HW

  ‘Hospital Work in Servia’, Lady’s Pictorial, 30th January 1915

  MO/ED

  ‘The Editor’s “Dump”’, Mosquito, No. 108, December 1954

  MO/WPI

  ‘Women’s Pages’, Mosquito, No. 91, September 1950

  MO/WPII

  ‘Women’s Pages’, Mosquito, No. 97, March 1952

  NG/OMR

  Corey, Herbert, ‘On the Monastir Road’, National Geographic, Vol. XXXI, May 1917

  NR/WFS

  Sandes, Flora, ‘A Word for Serbia’, National Review, No. 75, March–August 1920

  NT/IWM

  [Unnamed article], Nursing Times, 19th September 1915, Private Papers of Flora Sandes, Imperial War Museum [67/332/1]

  NT/NS

  ‘Nursing in Serbia’, Nursing Times, 14th November 1914

  NYT/HSD

  ‘Hero Surgeon’s Diary of Devotion’, New York Times, 10th May 1915

  NYT/NB

  ‘Nurse in Belgrade When Shells Fell’, New York Times, 15th January 1915

  NYT/RC

  ‘Red Cross at Work in Many Fields’, New York Times, 18th April 1915

  NYT/SCH

  Capser, L.W., ‘Serbian Children’s Hospital’, New York Times, 23rd October 1921

  NYT/SF

  ‘Senator France Assails Col. Ryan’, New York Times, 3rd August 1921

  NYT/WEG

  ‘Wounded English Girl Wins Serbian Cross’, New York Times, 31st December 1916

  NYTR/AN

  ‘American Nurse Tells How She Plies Knife to Ease Wounded in Serbian Field Hospital’, New York Tribune, 20th June 1915

  OWH/WF

  Corey, Herbert, ‘Woman Fights in Ranks with Serbian Soldiers’, Omaha World Herald, 6th April 1917

  PH/OP

  Palmer, Alan, ‘Operation Punishment’, Purnell’s History of the Second World War: Hitler’s Revenge on Yugoslavia, No. 14, 1972

  RCM/S

  Hendrick, Ellwood, ‘The Serbians’, Red Cross Magazine, December 1916

  RCM/WSR

  Simmonds, Emily, ‘With the Serbian Refugees’, Red Cross Magazine, April 1916

  S/FS

  ‘Miss Flora Sandes Fought with Servia: Interview with Her Sister-in-Law’, Sun [Sydney, undated], Private Papers of Flora Sandes, Imperial War Museum [67/332/1]

  SC/LIB

  ‘Captain Flora Sandes: Lived in Belgrade During German Occupation’, Scotsman, 17th November 1944

  SC/TOS

  ‘The Tragedy of Serbia: Madame Grouitch’s Story’, Scotsman, 1st February 1916

  SMH/FSI

  ‘Lieut. Flora Sandes’, Sydney Morning Herald, 7th June 1920

  SMH/FSII

  ‘Lieut. Flora Sandes’, Sydney Morning Herald, 9th June 1920

  T/ABL

  ‘Adventures of a British Legation’, Times, 20th June 1941

  UHD/SIN

  ‘Servia Is Now a Vast Pest House: Typhus Spreading’, Utica Herald-Dispatch, 2nd June 1915

  WMJ/ES

  Simmonds, Emily, letter dated 14th July 1917, Woman’s Medical Journal, Vol. XXVII, No. 10

  WSM/IF

  ‘Is Flora the Bravest Woman Alive?’, Woman’s Sunday Mirror, 24th June 1956

  3. Letters, Diaries and Other Documents

  The Flora Sandes Collection, in the possession of Arthur and Nan Baker [FSC]

  FSC/ALN

  ‘Australian Lecture Notes’

  FSC/BB

  ‘A Brief Biography of S.D.S. Wanderings in the Wilderness from Nov. 4th 1856 till July 16th 1894’

  FSC/D

  Flora Sandes’s diaries

  FSC/HWL

  ‘How We Lived under the Nazis’ [original draft for JS/WE]

  FSC/LET

  Flora Sandes’s letters

  Imperial War Museum, London [IWM]

  IWM/BOS

  Memo from Professor Bosanquet to the Secretary, 27th January 1917, Women at Work Collection [Serbia 7.1/34]

  IWM/EA

  Bray, Jean, The Extraordinary Ambassador: An Unpublished Biography of Dr K.S. MacPhail [78/17/1]

  IWM/FS

  Private Papers of Flora Sandes [67/332/1]

  IWM/IFS

  Interview with Sergeant Major Flora Sandes, 29th January 1918, Women at Work Collection [Serbia 11/10]

  IWM/KM

  Private Papers of Dr K.S. MacPhail [Documents.6767]

  IWM/LC

  Private Papers of Miss L. Creighton [Documents.1898]

  IWM/LPS

  Private Papers of Lieutenant Colonel L.P. Smellie [Documents.11391]

  IWM/MM

  Private Papers of Dr M.L. McNeill [Documents.12043]

  IWM/RCW

  Report on Civilian Work in Corfu, Women at Work Collection [Serbia 5/11]

  IWM/SS

  Pamphlet: The Serbian Soldier. Victorious–, Suffering, Women at Work Collection [Serbia 11/4]

  IWM/WS

  Private Papers of Miss W. Seymour [Documents.7165]

  IWM/WW

  Women at Work Collection

  Miscellaneous

  AHL/HF

  Papers of Professor Henry Wilder Foote and His Family, Andover-Harvard Theological Library, Harvard University [bMS 00575]

  ANZ/MMA

  Rigg, Theodore, Mission to Montenegro and Albania: Experiences of a Relief Worker on the Adriatic Coast at the Time of the Retreat of the Serbian Army 1915/16 [unpublished manuscript], Archives New Zealand [AALT W3082/126]

  CLM/FTL

  Papers of Frederick Taylor Lord, Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard University [Rare Books GA50.5]

  ESF

  Emily Simmonds’s file, American Friends Service Committee Archives, Philadelphia

  ESRC

  Emily Simmonds’s American Red Cross file, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland

  ESRC/HA

  Emily Simmonds’s handwritten account of her work dated January 1919, Emily Simmonds’s American Red Cross file, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland

>   ESRC/LET

  Emily Simmonds’s letters, Emily Simmonds’s American Red Cross file, National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Maryland

  INT/AB

  Arthur Baker in discussion with the author, 2005

  LET/AB

  Letter from Allison Blackmore to the author, 28th December 2007

  LET/BCWW

  Letter from Barton Cookingham to Whitney Warren, 6th February 1915, the Whitney Warren Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University

  LET/DSAB

  Letter from Dick Sandes to Alan Burgess, 19th February 1962, in private hands

  LET/DSJS

  Letter from Dick Sandes to James Sandes, undated [1981/2], in private hands

  LET/ES

  Letter from Emily Simmonds, quoted in: Jane A. Delano, ‘The Red Cross’, American Journal of Nursing, April 1915, pp. 580–82; Mabel T. Boardman, Under the Red Cross Flag at Home and Abroad (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1915), pp. 298–99

  LET/FSDS

  Letter from Flora Sandes to Dick Sandes, 1945, in private hands

  LU/LPS

  Colonel Lloyd Piercy Smellie Papers, Special Collections Department, Leeds University Library [SAL 060]

  LU/RV

  Ruth E. Verney (née Conway) Papers, Special Collections Department, Leeds University Library [WO 127]

  NAK

  National Archives, Kew

  PCL/NY

  Passenger and Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York, New York, 1897–1957, Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, National Archives, Washington DC [Microfilm Publication T715]

  SNW/APT

  The Testimony of a Nurse (Amelia Peabody Tileston), Samuel Newell Watson Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University [XX033]

  SNW/TYE

  Three Years’ Experiences in Serbia as Related by Miss Simmonds, Samuel Newell Watson Papers, Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University [XX033]

  SWH

  Scottish Women’s Hospitals Collection, Mitchell Library, Glasgow

  SWH/LET

  Letter from Dr Bennett, 16th November 1916, Scottish Women’s Hospitals Collection, Mitchell Library, Glasgow [Circulated Letters, Tin 42, November–December 1916]

  WL/ML

  Miscellaneous Letters, Scottish Women’s Hospitals, Women’s Library, London [GB/106/2/C]

  WL/VH

  Papers of Vera Holme, Special Collections, Women’s Library, London [7VJH]

  WL/VHI

  Letter from Flora Sandes, 17th August 1925, Papers of Vera Holme, Special Collections, Women’s Library, London [7VJH]

  WL/VHII

  Letter from Flora Sandes, 13th June 1922, Papers of Vera Holme, Special Collections, Women’s Library, London [7VJH]