Ernesto

  24 Ernest Hemingway to Max Perkins, March 25, 1939, in Bruccoli, The Only Thing That Counts, 274.

  25 “It’s fine out here in the country. There are quite a lot of quail on the place and lots of doves. Patrick and Gregory were over for the holidays and they had a fine time. I wish you could see this joint. Hope can renew the lease in June. I don’t care about going to war now. Would like to live a while and have fun after this book and write some stories. Also like the kids very much and we have good fun together. Also would like to have a daughter. I guess that sounds funny to a man with five of them but I would like to have one very much.” Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, circa February 4–11, 1940, Selected Letters, 502.

  26 Max Perkins to Ernest Hemingway, January 18 and 19, 1940, in Bruccoli, The Only Thing That Counts, 279.

  27 Martha Gellhorn to To Whom It May Concern, January 19, 1940, in Gellhorn, Selected Letters of Martha Gellhorn, 81.

  28 Villarreal and Villarreal, Hemingway’s Cuban Son, 37.

  29 Villarreal and Villarreal, Hemingway’s Cuban Son.

  30 Martha Gellhorn to Hadley Richardson Mowrer, April 10, 1940, in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 341. See also Hemingway, Misadventures of a Fly Fisherman; Hadley Richardson Mowrer, interview, quoted in Allie Baker, “Luck, Pluck, and Serendipity: Bumby’s Wartime Experience,” The Hemingway Project, February 13, 2014, http://www.thehemingwayproject.com/2018/08/17/luck-pluck-and-serendipity-bumbys-wartime-experience-with-hadley-audio/.

  31 Ernest Hemingway to Maxwell Perkins, April 21, 1940, Selected Letters, 504.

  32 Maxwell Perkins to Ernest Hemingway, April 22 and 24, 1940, in Bruccoli, The Only Thing That Counts, 283.

  33 Ernest Hemingway to Max Perkins, April 21, 1940, quoted in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 342.

  34 Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls, 305, 322, 325.

  35 Pauline Hemingway to Gerald and Sara Murphy, April 23, 1940, in Miller, Letters from the Lost Generation, 249–50.

  36 Ernest Hemingway to Carlos Baker, 1951, quoted in Reynolds, Hemingway: The Final Years, 242.

  37 Ernest Hemingway to Malcolm Cowley, May 14, 1944, and July 15, 1948, the Maurice F. Nelville Collection of Modern Literature, Pt II.

  38 Villarreal and Villarreal, Hemingway’s Cuban Son, 40.

  39 As biographer Kenneth Lynn puts it, Hemingway had now become “an overbearing know-it-all” whose deteriorating literary production “testified” to the invasion of Hemingway’s serious writing by his myth.” Lynn, Hemingway, 396, cited in Gail Sinclair, “The End of Some Things: A Decade of Loss,” in Curnutt and Sinclair, Key West Hemingway, 66.

  40 Miller, Letters from the Lost Generation, 100.

  41 Miller, Letters from the Lost Generation.

  42 The ball.

  43 Affection.

  44 Fuentes, Hemingway in Cuba, 36.

  45 Mayito Menocal, cited in Páporov, Hemingway en Cuba, 21.

  46 Ernesto trusted Mayito enough to leave him alone with youngest son, Gregory, to go to the Pan American to listen to the baseball game on the radio, as he mentions in a letter to his second son, Patrick. Hemingway, Selected Letters, 542.

  47 Interview in Coral Gables, Florida, 1983, in Meyers, Hemingway, 331–32.

  48 Villarreal and Villarreal, Hemingway’s Cuban Son, 94.

  49 Prensa Libre, June 1945, cited in Rodríguez, Hemingway, 32.

  50 Fuentes, Hemingway in Cuba, 58.

  51 Quoted in Fuentes, Hemingway in Cuba, 187–88.

  52 Fuentes, Hemingway in Cuba, 187.

  CHAPTER 7

  1 The title phrase from Gregory Hemingway’s sardonic memoire, Papa.

  2 “It culminates a writing career of 19 years…Today, in prime physical vigor, 210 lb. in weight, a good boxer, a crack wing shot and an excellent solder, he is an acknowledged master of his art. His style, so terse and clean, yet vivid and rich, has been imitated by many, but matched by none.” Life, January 6, 1941.

  3 They would later buy two more parcels of neighboring land from the previous owner and in March 1956 acquire a third parcel from a neighbor named Roberto Salmón. Notary of Guanabacoa 239, 41, quoted in Páporov, Hemingway en Cuba, 8.

  4 Mark Ott, “Hemingway’s Hawaiian Honeymoon,” The Hemingway Review (Fall 1997): 58.

  5 Gellhorn, Travels with Myself and Another, 11.

  6 “I was very embarrassed because I had never made love with three girls. Two girls is fun even though you do not like it. It’s not twice as good as one girl but it is different and it is fun anyway when you are drunk. But three girls is a lot of girls and I was embarrassed.” Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 212.

  7 Reynolds, Hemingway: The Final Years, 44.

  8 Spruille Braden, quoted in Moorehead, Gellhorn, 210.

  9 Latin mutation of the Greek word “phalanx,” falange refers to the famed battle formation demanding infantry to tightly assemble themselves and advance with shields, armor, helmets, and long spears to make themselves impervious to foreign penetrations. Borrowing its title from this effective battle formation, the Falange Movement became synonymous with the movement of fascism in Spain. José Antonio Primo de Rivera, son of General Primo de Rivera, founded the party, which emphasized Spanish traditions and combined them with Spanish ideology. The Falangists were precursors to the Spanish Nationalists led by the charismatic army leader General Franco. In 1936, José Antonio Primo de Rivera was seized and executed by the Republicans, the opposing army loyal to Spanish communal values at the outset of the Spanish Civil War. But the term “Falangist” continued being used more broadly to refer to Spanish fascists during and after the war.

  10 Spruille Braden, quoted in Moorehead, Gellhorn, 210.

  11 In their reports, they assigned Hemingway the code name “Argo” after Jason and the Argonaut’s vessel in Greek mythology. Reynolds, Writer, Sailor, Soldier, Spy, 215.

  12 Hemingway would later remark irreverently that he had an embarrassing case of “premature[ly ejaculated] fascism.” Keneth Kinnamon, “Hemingway and Politicsm,” in Donaldson, The Cambridge Companion to Hemingway, 149–69.

  13 “Chronicling Ernest Hemingway’s Relationship with the Soviets,” interview with Nicholas Reynolds, Weekend Edition, NPR, March 18, 2017.

  14 Report from Agent Leddy to J. Edgar Hoover, FBI file, October 8–9, 1942, https://vault.fbi.gov/ernest-miller-hemingway/ernest-hemingway-part-01-of-01/view. See also Mitgang, Dangerous Dossiers, 61–71, and Páporov, Hemingway, 57.

  15 Nicholas Reynolds, “A Spy Who Made His Own Way: Ernest Hemingway, Wartime Spy,” Studies in Intelligence 56, no. 2 (June 2012): 11.

  16 The New York Times, June 28, 1942, 21. Commander C. Alphonso Smith, “Battle of the Caribbean,” United States Naval Institute Proceedings (September 1954): 976–82, quoted in Reynolds, Hemingway: The Final Years, 56–57.

  17 “Hit 5 Ships in U-Boat Raids: Caribbean Isle Is Attacked by Submarine,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 14, 1942, 1.

  18 Arthur Krock, “The Program for Simplified Sub-Chasers and Escorts,” The New York Times, June 19, 1942, C22.

  19 Mort, The Hemingway Patrols, 114–221.

  20 Villarreal and Villarreal, Hemingway’s Cuban Son, 59.

  21 Cirules, Hemingway the Stranger, 105.

  22 Summer 1943, in Gellhorn, Selected Letters of Martha Gellhorn, 145; Rollyson, Beautiful Exile, 138.

  23 Mort, The Hemingway Patrols, 129.

  24 Ernest Hemingway, cited in Rollyson, Beautiful Exile, 136.

  25 Summer 1943, in Gellhorn, Selected Letters of Martha Gellhorn, 145.

  26 “You have been married so much and so long that I don’t believe it can touch you where you live and that is your strength. It would be terrible if it did because you are so much more important than the women you happen to be married to. I would like to be young and poor and in Milan and with you and not married to you. I think that I always wanted to feel in some way like a woman and if I ever did, it was the first winter in Madrid…Bug my dearest, how I long for you now. I wish we could stop i
t all now. The prestige, the possessions, the position, the knowledge, the victory. And by a miracle, return together under the arch at Milan…you so brash in your motorcycle sidecar and I badly dressed, fierce, loving. That loud reckless disheveled girl was a better person. I only write to you tonight as I feel or think, because why not?” Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, June 28, 1943, Hemingway Personal Papers.

  27 Ernest Hemingway to Martha Gellhorn Hemingway, July 10, 1943, Museum Ernest Hemingway Collection; Winston Guest interview with Reynolds, Hemingway: Final Years, 78.

  28 Ernest Hemingway to Martha Gellhorn, midsummer 1943, Museum Ernest Hemingway Collection.

  29 “My dearest beloved Bug…I have never seen it so dazzingly beautiful…the house is a lovely pink; it was never prettier, around the pool looks like I don’t know what, something so fresh and sweet. And Mother’s room is really a dream.” Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, July 9 and July 28, 1943, in Gellhorn, Selected Letters of Martha Gellhorn, 145, 148.

  30 Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, October 13, 1943, quoted in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 383.

  31 January 22 and February 28, 1944, quoted in Moorehead, Gellhorn, 238.

  32 Hemingway, Papa, cited in Wagner-Martin, Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Life, 138.

  33 Interview with Bernice Kert, The Hemingway Women, 390, quoted in Rollyson, Beautiful Exile, 149.

  34 Ernest Hemingway to Martha Gellhorn, August 28, 1940, Museum Ernest Hemingway Collection.

  35 Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, October 29, 1943, Bernice Kert Collection, John F. Kennedy Library, quoted in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 385.

  36 Ernest Hemingway to Patrick Hemingway, Archibald Macleish, Maxwell Perkins, and Edna Gellhorn, 1943, quoted in Moorehead, Gellhorn, 228.

  37 Rollyson, Beautiful Exile, 149.

  38 “You will feel deprived as a writer if this is all over and you have not had a share in it…the place is crying out for you, not for immediate stuff but for the record…I beg you to think this over very seriously…I say this not only because I miss you and want you here, but I hate not sharing it with you…It would be a terrible mistake to miss this, for both of us…I would never be able to tell you about it because I could never do the things that you can. You would be the one who would see for us.” Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, December 12, 1943, Bernice Kert Collection, John F. Kennedy Library, cited in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 388.

  39 Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, December 13, 1943, Bernice Kert Collection, John F. Kennedy Library, cited in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 389. See also Rollyson, Beautiful Exile, 148.

  40 Ernest Hemingway to Jack Hemingway, August 2, 1942, Hemingway Personal Papers.

  41 Cited in Páporov, Hemingway; Fuentes, Hemingway in Cuba; and Rodríguez, Hemingway.

  42 Osmar Mariño Rodríguez interviews with Fernando Campoamor, 1996, in Rodríguez, Hemingway, and my subsequent interviews with Rodríguez in Havana, May 2008.

  43 Páporov, Hemingway, 55–59.

  44 Ilse Bulit, “Hemingway, Leopoldina, María Ignacia, y Yo,” parts I–V, SEMlac Cuba, July-August 2009, redsemlac-cuba.net/Criterios/hemingway-leopoldina-mariaignacia-y-yo-i.html.

  45 Leopoldina’s lover and the father of her son, Alberto Barraqué, was the scion of an important Cuban political family. His own father, Jesús María Barraqué, had been a member of Gerardo Machado’s cabinet. Although Leopoldina and Alfredo Barraqué never married, Leopoldina often employed his last name in order to borrow its legitimacy and aristocracy for herself and their son, Alberto, Jr., quoted in Bulit, “Hemingway, Leopoldina, Maria Ignacia y Yo.”

  46 Virgin of Regla.

  47 F. R. Dodge, Commander-in Chief, Gulf Sea Frontier, US Navy, “Declassified United States Navy Report Regarding the Sinking of U-176,” May 24, 1943, National Archives and Record Administration, in Adelphi Road Washington Ship Yard Record Relating to U-boat Warfare, 1939–1945.

  48 Martha Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, November 10 and December 9, 1943, in Gellhorn, Selected Letters of Martha Gellhorn, 155; Rollyson, Beautiful Exile, 146–47.

  49 Martha Gellhorn, quoted in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 375. The only Cuban national accredited with sinking a German U-Boat, Mario Ramírez Delgado, seemed to think that Ernest was a “playboy who hunted submarines off the Cuban coast as a whim.” Lynn, Hemingway, 502–03.

  50 Edna Gellhorn to Ernest Hemingway, January 9, 1944, and Ernest Hemingway to Martha Gellhorn, January 13 and 31, 1944, Hemingway Personal Papers.

  51 Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 75.

  52 Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 52–53.

  53 See Hemingway, Misadventures of a Fly Fisherman, 220–21.

  54 Paul Hendrickson, “Papa’s Boys,” The Washington Post, July 30, 1987, washington post.com/archive/lifestyle//07/30/papas-boys/dee92b89-5da5-4dbe-b9f5-4a3f42cf70d8/?utm_term=.4aecdfc2ea63>.

  55 Hendrickson, “Papa’s Boys.”

  56 Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 54.

  57 Jack Hemingway, quoted in Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 54.

  58 Hemingway’s buddies at the club had a medal engraved: “To Gigi as a token of admiration from his fellow shooters, Club de Cazadores del Cerro.” Ernest wrote, “At nine years old [he exaggerated by two years], he beat 24 grown men, all good shots, and many of them very fine shots, shooting live pigeons.” In the papers, he was known as “el joven fenómeno americano and day before yesterday an article called him “el popularísimo Gigi,” so said his father. “Now we say go down to the post-office and get the mail popularíssimo or time for bed, popularíssimo. But inside himself he is very happy to be the popularísimo and he shoots like a little angel.” Ernest Hemingway to Hadley Mowrer, July 23, 1942, in Selected Letters, 535–36.

  59 “Turgenev should have won the prize. He wrote the story. I merely copied it, changing the setting and the names, from a book I assumed Papa hadn’t read because some of the pages were still stuck together.” Hemingway, Papa, 106.

  60 Ian Ball, “Death Stranger Than Fiction for Hemingway’s Tormented Son,” The Telegraph, October 7, 2001. telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1358754/Death-stranger-than-fiction-for-Hemingways-tormented-son.html; “Transsexual Son Haunts Hemingway Clan,” The Independent, September 27, 2003, independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/transsexual-son-haunts-hemingway-clan-88844.html.

  61 “Boise continued with his lovemaking…Boise was happy…Your cat, Boise, loves you…We ought to have that cat Boise here. He’d be proud of you.” Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 203.

  62 Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 179.

  63 Villarreal and Villarreal, Hemingway’s Cuban Son, 58.

  64 Hemingway, Islands in the Stream, 188.

  65 A half-century of misery in the Cuban reality.

  66 Páparov, Hemingway in Cuba, 40. Author’s translation.

  67 “I was not received with loving tender care though I was absolutely exhausted; the flight from Tangiers in the freezing aluminum belly of a bomber with a few sick G.I.’s being sent home was bad enough. But Ernest began at once to rave at me. The word is not too strong. He woke me when I was trying to sleep to bully, snarl, mock—my crime really was to have been at war when he had not, but that was not how he put it…I was supposedly insane, I only wanted excitement and danger. I had no responsibility to anyone, I was selfish beyond belief…it never stopped and believe me, it was fierce and ugly. I put it to him that I was going back, whether he came or not, and through Roald Dahl, he could get a plane seat.” Martha Gellhorn, February 15, 1982, cited in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 392, and Lynn, Hemingway, 505.

  68 Wagner-Martin, Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Life, 138.

  69 Reynolds, Hemingway: The Final Years, 92.

  70 Hemingway, My Brother, Ernest Hemingway, 229–40.

  71 Hemingway and Brennen, Hemingway in Cuba, 84.

  CHAPTER 8

  1 Originally published in 1976, fifteen years after her famed husband’s passing.

  2 Hemingway, H
ow It Was, 94.

  3 Hemingway, How It Was.

  4 Hemingway, How It Was, 95.

  5 “I don’t know you, Mary. But I want to marry you. You are very alive. You’re beautiful, like a May fly.” Silence. “I want to marry you now, and I hope to marry you sometime. Sometime you may want to marry me.” A long silence. “Don’t be silly,” I said finally, “if you’re not joking. We’re both married and we don’t even know each other.” “This war may keep us apart for a while,” Ernest plowed on softly. “But we must begin our Combined Operations.” His voice was calm, I thought, sad. Resigned, maybe. “You are very premature,” I said. Hemingway, How It Was, 95–96.

  6 Hemingway, How It Was, 96.

  7 Marie Brenner, “Robert Capa’s Longest Day,” Vanity Fair, June 2014, www.vanityfair.com/culture/2014/06/photographer-robert-capa-d-day.

  8 Brenner, “Robert Capa’s Longest Day.”

  9 The picture appeared in Brenner, “Robert Capa’s Longest Day.”

  10 “If he really had a concussion, he could hardly have been drinking with his pals or even receiving them. He did not look the least ill anyway.” Martha Gellhorn, quoted in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 398.

  11 Martha Gellhorn Hemingway to Ernest Hemingway, June 7, 1944, quoted in Kert, The Hemingway Women, 406.

  12 Have a party.

  13 David Hendricks, “During the War Hemingway Was Good at Being Hemingway,” My San Antonio, January 12, 2017, mysanantonio.com/entertainment/arts-culture/books/article/During-war-Hemingway-was-good-at-being-Hemingway-10850684.php.

  14 James H. Meredith, “Hemingway’s U.S. 3rd Army Inspector General Interview During World War II,” (introduction), The Hemingway Review 18, no. 2 (1999): 91–94; Meyers, Hemingway; 409–10.