17. JM, letter to Luther M. Goddard, Feb. 9, 1906, ISA, folder 5.
18. FRG, letter to WAP, Feb. 10, 1906, LoC, box 172, folder 1.
19. WAP (for JM), reports to FRG, Feb. 13, 14, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
20. Details of and quotes from the meeting with Governor McDonald are taken from WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 16, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
21. It has been argued that Governor McDonald should have waited for the legitimacy of the extradition papers to be established (Lukas, Big Trouble, p. 254). However, his signature could be legally justified by the Full Faith and Credit clause of Article 4, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which states: “Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.” Moreover, there was no legal requirement in Colorado for any further hearing (Mills, Mills’ Annotated Statutes of the State of Colorado, chap. 56, sect. 2037, p. 23).
22. Details of and quotes regarding the plans for the operation are taken from McParland’s reports of the time, particularly WAP (for JM), reports to FRG, Feb. 16, 17, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
23. McParland was actually more generous with provisions than he indicated in his report. As shown by receipts submitted by Pinkerton’s to the state of Idaho, he provided the party with twenty turkey sandwiches, twenty chicken sandwiches, twenty beef sandwiches, twenty ham sandwiches, six cans of sardines, and two loaves of bread, along with containers of butter, cheese, dill pickles, olives, mustard, and strawberry jam. There were also three dozen hard-boiled eggs, an undefined number of apples, one hundred cigars, three dozen quarts of Budweiser, and a quart of Old Crow bourbon. All for a journey that would take twenty-seven hours (The Cost to the State of Idaho of the Haywood Trial).
24. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 17, 1906, ISA, folder 6. Oscar M. Carpenter was the secretary of WFM Telluride Local Number 63 when St. John was president. Like St. John, he was mentioned in Pinkerton’s or prosecution reports as being involved in a variety of murders.
25. For Moyer’s money and guns, see Morning Oregonian, March 7, 1906; The Caldwell Tribune, June 30, 1906.
26. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 18, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
27. For quote, see JM, Synopsis, undated, LoC, box 172, folder 1; for details about Winnie Minor, see Lukas, Big Trouble, pp. 238, 257–258, 775.
28. Moving the train to Union Station so that it was perhaps half an hour closer to the state line and Boise was the one concession the Union Pacific was willing to make when McParland asked if the departure time could be moved forward, due to concerns that reporters lurking around the jail would pass on details that might ruin the operation (Lukas, Big Trouble, pp. 259–60). The Union Pacific officials said that the special train was not yet ready, and, in their defense, it must have been impossible at that stage to change the running schedules of all conflicting trains so that McParland’s would still have the priority it had been given.
29. The account of the journey from Denver to Boise is taken from Haywood, Bill Haywood’s Book, p. 193; The Idaho Daily Statesman, Feb. 21, 1906; Evening Capital News, Feb. 21, 1906.
30. Wanhope, The Haywood-Moyer Outrage, p. 7.
31. The Denver Republican, Feb. 18, 1906. See also The Denver Post, Feb. 18, 1906.
32. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 18, 1906, ISA, folder 6. Few things made McParland more hopping mad than the loss of secrecy in an important operation. Around this time he said to a reporter who had asked for information that the solution to the loss of secrecy was simply to tell no one. The reason, he explained, was that while the number of people who knew about an operation grew arithmetically, the resulting chances for a leak of information expanded geometrically. To make this point, he drew the figure one on a page, and said, “If I tell you,” and then he made a parallel mark, “that is eleven. And if you tell your wife”—and he made another parallel mark—“that is a hundred and eleven.” See The Idaho Daily Statesman, Feb. 18, 1906.
33. The Rocky Mountain News, Feb. 19, 1906.
34. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 20, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
35. Although these comments ran with slightly different phrasing, the essence of the quote appeared in, for example: The Bemidji Daily Pioneer, Feb. 21, 1906; The Daily Ardmoreite, Feb. 22, 1906; The Minneapolis Journal, Feb. 20, 1906; Milwaukee Daily News, Feb. 20, 1906; The Salt Lake Herald, Feb. 21, 1906; The San Francisco Call, Feb. 21, 1906.
36. Quote from The Minneapolis Journal, Feb. 20, 1906; with slightly different phrasing it appeared in, among others: The Bemidji Daily Pioneer, Feb. 21, 1906; Deseret Evening News, Feb. 20, 1906; The Salt Lake Herald, Feb. 21, 1906.
37. The Denver Republican, Feb. 20, 1906.
38. Quote from The Minneapolis Journal, Feb. 20, 1906; with slightly different phrasing it appeared in, among others: The Denver Times, Feb. 20, 1906; Deseret Evening News, Feb. 20, 1906; New-York Tribune, Feb. 21, 1906; The Salt Lake Herald, Feb. 21, 1906.
39. Details of Richardson’s career are taken from Grover, Debaters and Dynamiters, pp. 189–91.
40. Denver News, May 8, 1911.
41. Quoted in The Rocky Mountain News, March 10, 1906.
42. Details of Darrow’s early life and career are taken from Darrow, The Story of My Life; Stone, Darrow for the Defence; Tierney, Darrow: A Biography; Farrell, Clarence Darrow.
43. For the role of Debs in the Pullman strike—arguably the most important strike in American history—see Lindsey, The Pullman Strike; Papke, The Pullman Case.
44. Darrow, The Woodworkers’ Conspiracy Case.
45. The Rocky Mountain News, Feb. 27, 1906.
46. The Minneapolis Journal, Feb. 19, 1906; The San Francisco Call, Feb. 19, 1906; The Colfax Gazette, Feb. 23, 1906; The Salt Lake Herald, Feb. 23, 1906.
47. Turner, “The Actors and Victims in the Tragedies,” p. 524.
48. Adams statement to Richardson, ERN, p. 5. Brown later denied that he had made any such statement; see WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 8, 1907, ISA, folder 20.
49. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 23, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
50. Ibid.
51. For the charges leveled against St. John for the supposed murders of William J. Barney, Wesley Smith, and John Mahoney, see Martin, The Corpse on Boomerang Road.
52. Exactly how much of Orchard’s original confession was true will never be known. A lot of experienced criminal experts clearly believed a substantial amount of it. But there is also little doubt that some was false. Orchard’s charges against St. John, for example, disappeared in the later published versions of his confession after an Idaho grand jury failed to indict him. For comparison, see JM, reports to FRG, Jan. 27–28, 28–29, 31, 1906, LoC, box 172, folder 2, as opposed to Orchard, “The Confession and Autobiography of Harry Orchard, Parts 1–5”; Horsley, The Confessions and Autobiography of Harry Orchard.
53. Adams statement to Richardson, ERN, p. 6.
54. Ibid., p. 7.
55. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 25, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
56. The New York Times, Feb. 26, 1906; Los Angeles Herald, Feb. 26, 1906; The Salt Lake Herald, Feb. 26, 1906; The San Francisco Call, Feb. 26, 1906; The Salt Lake Tribune, Feb. 27, 1906.
57. Adams statement to Richardson, ERN, p. 7.
58. Adams later stated that McParland “kept me up until 4 or 5 o’clock in the morning trying to make me confess” (Quoted in Industrial Union Bulletin, March 9, 1907). However, he made it clear in his sworn statement to Richardson that the first interview had actually taken about two hours.
59. Adams statement to Richardson, ERN, p. 8.
60. Ibid. On March 3, Annie Adams was brought to Boise by Thiele. She and her children were thereafter housed within the state penitentiary.
61. Ibid. See also Industrial Union Bulletin, March 9, 1907, which quoted Adams in his first trial as stating: “He [
McParland] told me about ‘Kelly the Bum’ and other men who had turned state’s evidence and had been set free. He told me some bible stories, too, but I am not familiar with the bible.” In that statement, Adams indicated that the stories of Kelly the Bum and from the Bible had been told him in the first interview with McParland, but in his sworn statement to Richardson he placed their timing in the second interview, after he had agreed to give his confession.
62. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 28, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
63. Details of the confession are taken from Adams’s second trial, in which parts of the typed and corrected confession were read into the record. See SIA, vol. 2, pp. 842–64.
64. Adams statement to Richardson, ERN, p. 9.
65. JM, in SIA, vol. 2, p. 842.
66. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 1, 1906, ISA, folder 7.
67. The Idaho Daily Statesman, March 2, 1906; The Salt Lake Herald, March 3, 1906.
68. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 7, 1906, ISA, folder 7.
69. Cowart, “James McParland and the Haywood Case,” p. 29; Beal and Wells, History of Idaho, vol. 2, p. 214.
70. Details of Borah’s early career are taken from Johnson, Borah of Idaho; McKenna, Borah.
71. The Salt Lake Herald, March 8, 1906.
72. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 8, 1906, ISA, folder 7.
73. Commenting about Swain, Sheriff Angus Sutherland of Shoshone County said to McParland that “I have discovered that he is very careless about telling the truth”; see WAP (for JM), report to FRG, April 1, 1906, ISA, folder 9.
74. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 8, 1906, ISA, folder 7.
75. The Rocky Mountain News, March 10, 1906.
76. Ex parte Moyer, 12 Idaho 250, 256, 259, 85 Pac 897, 899, 900; see also Ex parte Pettibone, 12 Idaho 264, 85 Pac 902 and Ex parte Haywood, 12 Idaho 264, 85 Pac 902.
77. Johnson, “No Habeas Corpus for ‘Big Bill,’” p. 15. A petition for writ of certiorari is the appeal document that a party files asking the Supreme Court of the United States to review the decision of a lower court. It includes a record of the parties, a statement of the case’s established facts, a list of the legal questions for review, and reasons why the Court should grant the writ. A writ of certiorari is granted if the Supreme Court agrees to hear the appeal. For full details, see, “Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States,” Supreme Court of the United States.
Chapter 21: The Lull Before the Storm
1. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 16, 1906, ISA, folder 8.
2. Ibid., April 2, 1906, ISA, folder 9.
3. For details on the way St. John was detained and then arrested, see WAP (for JM), reports to FRG, March 12, 13, 1906, ISA, folder 7, and The Salt Lake Herald, March 15, 1906, which is the source of the quote.
4. The story of the Pueblo train disaster is taken from The Evening Post, March 16, 1906; Daily Journal, March 16, 17, 1906; The Daily News, March 17, 1906; The Rocky Mountain News, March 17, 1906; Wanganui Chronicle, April 26, 1906. The headlines are from The Rocky Mountain News and The Daily News of Denver.
5. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 17, 1906, ISA, folder 8; Horsley, The Confessions and Autobiography of Harry Orchard, pp. 243–44.
6. Shaun McParland, Family history documents; Martin McParland, personal communication, Aug. 3, 2011. Sadly, Emily did not long outlive her husband, dying in Wellington in 1910 at the age of twenty-six. She was buried in the McParland family plot at the Karori Cemetery. Francis and Eneas were thereafter raised by their grandfather.
7. The quote was one of the slogans that regularly appeared on the front page. Appeal to Reason was highly successful—at points attaining a circulation of more than half a million a week and featuring articles by such renowned supporters of American socialism as Upton Sinclair, Jack London, and Mary “Mother” Jones—but it was actually loathed by many socialists (Graham, “Yours for the Revolution”). Ida Crouch-Hazlett—the famed organizer for the National American Woman Suffrage Association and the editor of the socialist newspaper the Montana News—noted, “True Socialists despise the Appeal. It is printed to sell, not to help the party. It is making dupes of those who subscribe to it and it is doing great harm to the workers to whom the real interests and purposes of the party are dear” (Quoted in The Idaho Daily Statesman, May 23, 1907).
8. Debs, “Arouse, Ye Slaves!” See also Debs, Debs: His Life, Writings and Speeches, pp. 309–11.
9. Details of Shoaf’s background are taken from Shoaf, Fighting for Freedom.
10. Ibid., p. 54.
11. Shoaf, “A House of Horrors.” Such stories produced with no proof were commonplace with Shoaf, who had, according to Emanuel Haldeman-Julius—owner and editor of Appeal to Reason after its founder, Julius Wayland, committed suicide—“a prejudice against facts” (Haldeman-Julius, My Second 25 Years, p. 61). Shoaf happily agreed, admitting, “If the facts do not accord . . . get up the story, anyway. Use the names of the parties involved in the plot, give dates, places and such other incidents as will lend a semblance of truth to the proposition, crowd the story with fictitious names and characters, throw ginger and insinuative suggestion into the article, write it up ‘red hot,’ and send it in” (Shoaf, Appeal to Reason, March 31, 1906).
12. Shoaf, Fighting for Freedom, pp. 68–69.
13. Shoaf, “McPartland, the Pariah.”
14. Hurt, “James McPartland.”
15. WAP (for JM), reports to FRG, March 14 and April 9, 1906, ISA, folders 7 and 9 respectively.
16. The account of the trip to Pocatello comes from WAP (for JM), reports to FRG, March 27, 28, 1906, ISA, folder 8.
17. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 26, 1906, ISA, folder 8. The notion of making the public aware that the defendants were not the heroes portrayed by the socialist and labor press was a continuing theme. McParland later discussed with Hawley calling the deputies who had arrested Moyer and Haywood as witnesses, as “At the time of his arrest there was found on Moyer’s person or possibly in his valise a 44 Automatic Colts revolver and 100 rounds of cartridges and that Haywood, who was written up as one of the most model men in the city of Denver, was found stripped naked in a room in an assignation house with a woman with a No 44 Colts revolver laying on the table.” He added, “we considered that it would be a good thing and well worth the expense to place these men on the witness stand simply to state . . . what they discovered on the person of Moyer and the circumstances relating to the arrest of this model and moral man Haywood, the man that was so kind to his wife and family.” See WAP (for JM), report to FRG, May 23, 1906: ISA, folder 12.
18. The Idaho Daily Statesman, March 28, 29, 1906.
19. For Orchard changing his story, see, for example, WAP (for JM), report to FRG, April 9, 1906; for the quote, see Ibid., April 3, 1906, ISA, folder 9.
20. McParland’s reports throughout 1906 give details of the investigations made to corroborate the confessions, but for this specific period, see in particular WAP (for JM), reports to FRG, April 6, 8, 9, 10, 1906, ISA, folder 9. He also held numerous meetings about this effort—see, for example, Ibid., April 16, 18, 19, 1906, ISA, folder 10. For the notion of one of his critics that McParland fabricated much of the confessions himself, see Martin, The Corpse on Boomerang Road, pp. 12–13, 273–75.
21. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, April 6, 1906, ISA, folder 9.
22. Ibid., April 9, 1906.
23. Ibid., April 12, 1906.
24. Ibid., April 8, 1906.
25. JM, letter to H. Frank Cary, April 6, 1906; quoted in Ibid., April 6, 1906.
26. The four men were Barney, Wesley Smith, John Mahoney, and Sam Servis. For the most complete accounting of their disappearances, the insistence by members of the local press and others that they had been murdered, and the resolution of their cases—some of which were concluded only when the men were discovered to still be alive�
��see Martin, The Corpse on Boomerang Road.
27. Hawley, “Steve Adams’ Confession and the State’s Case Against Bill Haywood,” p. 22.
28. For McParland mentioning Carpenter at an early stage, see WAP (for JM), report to FRG, Feb. 17, 1906, ISA, folder 6.
29. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 14, 1906, ISA, folder 7.
30. For details of the agreement, see JM, letter to James H. Hawley, Dec. 4, 1906, and WAP, letter to JM, Feb. 14, 1907, James Henry Hawley Papers (M48), Idaho State Archives.
31. Bulkeley Wells, letter to James H. Hawley, March 29, 1906, James Henry Hawley Papers (M48), Idaho State Archives.
32. Lukas, Big Trouble, p. 375.
33. WAP (for JM), special report to FRG, April 4, 1906, ISA, folder 9.
34. H. Frank Cary, telegram to JM, March 8, 1906; quoted in WAP (for JM), report to FRG, March 8, 1906, ISA, folder 7.
35. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, April 17, 1906, ISA, folder 10.
36. Ibid., May 2, 1906, ISA, folder 11.
37. Annie Adams, A copy of Steve Adams confession as nearly as I know, ERN, p. 11; Steve Adams’s testimony in Scott County Kicker, Oct. 6, 1906.
38. WAP (for JM), report to FRG, June 4, 1906, ISA, folder 13.
39. Ibid., June 9, 1906.
40. Ibid., June 30, 1906.
41. Ibid., July 2, 1906, ISA, folder 14.
42. Darrow’s testimony in U.S. Senate, Industrial Commission on the Relations and Conditions of Capital and Labor Employed in the Mining Industry, p. 10797. His law partner Edgar Lee Masters at another point indicated the fee was fifty thousand dollars, of which Darrow took the thirty-five thousand off the top, leaving the rest for the firm; see: Lukas, Big Trouble, p. 329.
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