4. Bryant, Turn of the Tide, p. 26
5. Clark, Anzio, p. 26
6. D’Este, Genius for War, pp. 532–5
7. MHI Hull Papers SOOHP, pp. 58–9
8. Clark, Anzio, p. 23
9. ed. Lochner, Goebbels Diaries, p. 371
10. Kesselring, A Soldier’s Record, pp. 229–30; Porch, Hitler’s Mediterranean Gamble, p. 507
11. Moseley, Mussolini, p. 131
12. Winton, Cunningham, pp. 328–9
13. Clark, Anzio, p. 24
14. Ibid.
15. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1200
16. Clark, Anzio, p. 230
17. Porch, Hitler’s Mediterranean Gamble, p. 518
18. Holmes, World at War, p. 442
19. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 574
20. Clark, Anzio, p. 41
21. Harris, Swordpoint, p. 15
22. Porch, Hitler’s Mediterranean Gamble, p. 507
23. Holmes, World at War, p. 457
24. Harris, Swordpoint, p. 12
25. Phillips, Sangro to Cassino
26. Clark, Calculated Risk
27. Majdalany, Cassino
28. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 254
29. Holmes, World at War, p. 448
30. Clark, Anzio, p. 212
31. Ibid., p. 50
32. NA FO 371/43869/21
33. Noel, Pius XII, passim
34. ed. Young, Decisive Battles, p. 250
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., pp. 261–3
37. Ibid., p. 250
38. Clark, Anzio, p. 96
39. Ibid., p. 76
40. Churchill, Closing the Ring, p. 426
41. Clark, Anzio, p. 76
42. Ibid., p. 70
43. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1207; Clark, Anzio, pp. xxiii, 18
44. Ross, Memoirs, p. 209
45. BRGS 2/19
46. Clark, Anzio, p. 183
47. Ibid., p. 219
48. Trevelyan, Fortress, p. 65
49. Clark, Anzio, p. 208
50. Churchill, Closing the Ring, p. 432
51. Barker, Seven Steps Down, p. 72
52. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, pp. 310–11; Clark, Anzio, p. 274
53. Clark, Anzio, p. 281
54. Ibid., p. 287
55. D’Este, Fatal Decision, p. 371
56. Truscott, Command Missions, p. 375
57. Trevelyan, Rome ’44, p. 303
58. Holmes, World at War, p. 457
59. Clark, Anzio, p. 317; Trevelyan, Rome ’44, p. 316
60. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 578
61. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1223
62. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, pp. 579–80
63. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 313
64. Howard, Captain Professor, p. 155
65. ed. Lochner, Goebbels Diaries, p. 361
66. Stafford, Endgame 1945, pp. 189–91
67. London Gazette, 8/8/1944
13: A SALIENT REVERSAL
1. Cornish, Images of Kursk, p. 7 d
2. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopeia, p. 1202
3. ed. Barnett, Hitler’s Generals, p. 222
4. Ibid., p. 221
5. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1202
6. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 444
7. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 338
8. Keegan, Second World War, p. 458
9. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 362
10. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 212
11. Guderian, Panzer Leader, p. 309
12. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 364
13. Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, p. 362
14. Chaney, Zhukov, p. 252
15. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 365
16. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 137
17. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 365
18. Hart, German Soldier, p. 138
19. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 226
20. Ibid., p. 213
21. Ibid., p. 214
22. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 367
23. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 213
24. BRGS 2/17
25. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 370
26. Ibid., p. 367
27. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 226
28. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 350; eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 228
29. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 660
30. Simonov, Days and Nights, p. 5
31. Cross, Citadel, p. 193
32. Hart, German Soldier, p. 138
33. Ibid., p. 139
34. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 368
35. Guderian, Panzer Leader, p. 311
36. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 660
37. Cross, Citadel, p. 204
38. Ibid., p. 195
39. Ibid., p. 205; ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 660. See also Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, Appendix D; Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 583
40. Keegan, Second World War, p. 469, quoting John Erickson
41. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 135
42. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 376
43. eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 231
44. Keegan, Second World War, p. 469, quoting John Erickson
45. ed. Young, Atlas, p. 204
46. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 442 for eight; Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 581 for nine
47. Bellamy, Absolute War, pp. 554–95
48. ed. Dear, Oxford Companion, p. 660; eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 231
49. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 583; Keegan, Second World War, p. 469, quoting John Erickson; Gilbert, Second World War, p. 442
50. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 471
51. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 229
52. Liddell Hart, Other Side, p. 74
53. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 225
54. Keegan, Second World War, p. 454; eds Beevor and Vinogradova, Writer at War, p. 242
55. Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, p. 252
56. Overy, Russia’s War, p. 257
57. Glantz and House, Battle of Kursk, p. 280
58. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1203; Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 594
59. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 225
60. Bellamy, Absolute War, p. 587
61. Keegan, Second World War, p. 466
14: THE CRUEL REALITY
1. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 288
2. For criticisms of the policy see Hastings, Bomber Command; Friedrich, Fire; Grayling, Among the Dead Cities. For the defence see Bishop, Bomber Boys; Miller, Eighth Air Force; Webster and Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive
3. Hansard, 10/11/1932
4. Lewis, Aircrew, p. 14
5. Overy, Why the Allies Won, p. 107
6. Roberts, Holy Fox, p. 177
7. Donald Cameron Watt, Literary Review, 12/2001, p. 34
8. Neil Gregor, BBC History, 4/2001, p. 7, and Historical Journal, XLIII, no. 4
9. Overy, Why the Allies Won, p. 133
10. Bishop, Bomber Boys, p. 385
11. LH 15/15/26
12. Alex Danchev, TLS, 28/12/2001, p. 7
13. Probert, Bomber Harris, p. 291
14. History Today, 3/2005, p. 51
15. Portal Box A File II
16. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 74
17. Bishop, Bomber Boys, p. 169
18. Ibid., p. 167
19. Miller, Eighth Air Force, illustration no. 29
20. Wyllie Archive
21. BRGS 2/12
22. KENN 4/2/4
23. History Today, 3/2005, p. 50
24. BRGS 2/12
25. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 279
26. Overy, Why the Allies Won, pp. 117–18
27. Webster and Frankland, Strategic Air Offensive, IV, pp. 273–83
28. Chant, Codenames, p. 191
29. Arthur, Dambusters, p. xi
30. Tooze, Wages of Destruction, p. 600
31
. Ibid., p. 671
32. Bishop, Bomber Boys, p. 371
33. Overy, Why the Allies Won, p. 131
34. Ibid., p. 121
35. Lowe, Inferno, passim; Wheal and Pope, Dictionary, p. 448; ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 606; Holmes, World at War
36. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 284
37. ed. Lochner, Goebbels Diaries, p. 320
38. Miller, Eighth Air Force, pp. 192–208
39. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 290
40. Gerhard L. Weinberg in eds Deutsch and Showalter, What If?, p. 206
41. Below, At Hitler’s Side, passim
42. Gerhard L. Weinberg in eds Deutsch and Showalter, What If?, p. 207
43. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, pp. 288–9
44. Overy, Why the Allies Won, p. 5; Wheal and Pope, Dictionary, p. 448
45. Gregor, Haunted City, passim
46. Feast, Master Bombers, passim
47. MARS Pentagon Papers Box 81/2
48. Portal Box A File IV
49. Ibid.
50. Cunningham Add Mss 52577/20
51. Probert, Bomber Harris, p. 291
52. Cunningham Add Mss 52577/2
53. Cunningham Add Mss 52577/6
54. BRGS 2/21
55. BRGS 2/22
56. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 440
57. Wheal and Pope, Dictionary, p. 448
58. Interview with Hugh Lunghi
59. Ibid., p. 14
60. Taylor, Dresden, passim
61. The Times, 7/2/2004, books section, p. 13
62. Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five, p. 109
63. Ibid., p. 157
64. Daily Telegraph, 3/10/2008, p. 17
65. Simon Heffer, Literary Review, 2/2004, p. 28
66. Robin Neillands, BBC History, 2/2003, p. 45
67. Taylor, Dresden, p. 4
68. Portal File 6 Box 14
69. Probert, Bomber Harris, p. 322
70. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 74
71. Norman Stone, Literary Review, 10/2008, p. 18
72. Overy, Why the Allies Won, pp. 117–18
73. Ibid., p. 131
74. Ibid., p. 129
75. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 278
76. Ibid., p. 279
15: NORMAN CONQUEST
1. ed. Kimball, Complete Correspondence, II, p. 557
2. Alistair Horne, History Today, 1/2002, p. 57
3. eds Love and Major, Bertram Ramsay, p. 83
4. Below, At Hitler’s Side, p. 184
5. eds Heiber and Glantz, Hitler and his Generals, p. 139
6. Liddell Hart, Other Side, p. 246
7. Ibid.
8. Hesketh, Fortitude, p. x
9. Overy, How the Allies Won, p. 151
10. Gilbert, D-Day, p. 81
11. Stafford, Ten Days to D-Day, pp. 332–3
12. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 360
13. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 297
14. For the gestation of the plans, see Roberts, Masters and Commanders, passim
15. eds Danchev and Todman, War Diaries, p. 554
16. Gilbert, Churchill: A Life, p. 776
17. Maggs Brothers catalogue, Autograph Letters, No. 1427 Item 124
18. Arthur, Forgotten Voices, p. 115
19. Ibid., p. 116
20. Ellis, Brute Force, p. 360
21. Holmes, World at War, p. 463
22. D’Este, Eisenhower, p. 527
23. Hesketh, Fortitude, pp. 186-8
24. Nicholas Rankin, TLS, 23/1/2004, p. 12
25. Howard and Bates, Pegasus Diaries, p. 119
26. Ibid., p. 136
27. ed. Penrose, D-Day Companion, p. 225
28. ed. Liddell Hart, Rommel Papers, pp. 476–7
29. MHI German Report series, Foreign Military Studies, MSS B-720
30. Kershaw, Hitler: Nemesis, pp. 639–40
31. Liddell Hart, Other Side, p. 248
32. Hastings, Overlord, p. 88
33. Ibid., p. 89
34. ed. Penrose, D-Day Companion, p. 223
35. Gilbert, D-Day, p. 85
36. Arthur, Forgotten Voices, p. 117
37. Gilbert, D-Day, p. 145
38. Hastings, Overlord, p. 95
39. Gilbert, D-Day, pp. 146–7
40. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 303; Gilbert, D-Day, p. 148
41. Weinberg, World at Arms, p. 688
42. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 304
43. Ibid.
44. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1211
45. Liddell Hart, Second World War, p. 568
46. Ian Sayer Archive
47. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 536
48. Hastings, Das Reich section in On the Offensive, p. 247
49. ed. Trevor-Roper, Hitler’s Table Talk, p. 639
50. Ibid., pp. 451–5
51. Ibid., p. 340
52. Holmes, World at War, pp. 167, 241
53. TLS, Essays and Reviews 1963, p. 197
54. Irving, Hitler’s War, pp. 662–4
55. Ian Sayer Archive
56. The 2009 movie Valkyrie, starring Tom Cruise, was a classic recent manifestation of this
57. Hastings, Armageddon, p. 201
58. Roger Moorhouse, History Today, 1/2009, p. 3
59. Roberts, Dealing with Dictators, p. 51
60. ed. Dilks, Cadogan Diary, p. 129
61. For an opposing view, see Joachim Fest’s Plotting Hitler’s Death, which has taken the argument even further than the earlier works of Patricia Meehan (The Unnecessary War, 1992) and Klemens von Klemperer (German Resistance against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad, 1993)
62. BRGS 2/21
63. Cunningham Add Mss 52577/50
64. Royle, Patton, p. 136
65. Williams, D-Day to Berlin, p. 200
66. Royle, Patton, pp. 139–41; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1212
67. Gilbert, D-Day, p. 180
68. Tobias Gray, History Today, 8/2008, p. 6
69. ed. Langhorne, Churchill by Himself, p. 572
70. Egremont, Under Two Flags, p. 180
71. Lacouture, De Gaulle: The Rebel, p. 578
16: WESTERN APPROACHES
1. Churchill, Dawn of Liberation, p. 189
2. Hastings, Armageddon, p. 200
3. Ian Kershaw’s Foreword to ed. Neitzel, Tapping Hitler’s Generals, pp. 7–11
4. ed. Neitzel, Tapping Hitler’s Generals, passim
5. Ibid., p. 169
6. Ibid., p. 205
7. Ibid., p. 207
8. Ibid., p. 219
9. Ibid., p. 222
10. Ibid., p. 228
11. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 347
12. Royle, Patton, p. 151
13. Ian Sayer Archive
14. Royle, Patton, p. 150
15. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe, pp. 225–9
16. D’Este, Genius for War, pp. 602–3
17. Ian Sayer Archive
18. White, With the Jocks, p. viii
19. BRGS 2/22
20. NA War Cabinet Meeting WM (45) 29
21. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 585
22. Churchill, Dawn of Liberation, pp. 188–9
23. Middlebrook, Arnhem, p. 443
24. Ibid., p. 444
25. Ibid., p. 439; ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 680; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1215
26. Grant, World War II: Europe, p. 44
27. Hamilton, Monty: The Field Marshal, p. 181
28. General Strong’s personal copy from the Ian Sayer Archive
29. eds Freidin and Richardson, Fatal Decisions, p. 225
30. Sayer and Botting, Hitler’s Last General, p. 347
31. ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, pp. 88–9
32. Weintraub, Eleven Days, p. xiii
33. Royle, Patton, p. 166
34. Bradley, General’s Life, p. 367
35. Royle, Patton, p. 169
36. Dupuy and Dupuy, En
cyclopedia, p. 1218
37. Delaforce, Battle of the Bulge
38. Jablonsky, Churchill and Hitler, p. 194
39. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 167
40. Whiting, Field Marshal’s Revenge, p. ix
41. Ibid., p. 222
42. Andrew Taylor, TLS 2005; Royle, Patton, p. 196
43. Weintraub, Eleven Days, p. 177; ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 91; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1218
44. Weintraub, Eleven Days, p. 177; ed. Parrish, Simon & Schuster, p. 91; Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1218
45. Hastings, Armageddon, p. 263
46. Davidson, Trial of the Germans
47. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 131
48. Wheeler-Bennett, Nemesis of Power, pp. 429–30
49. Gilbert, Second World War, p. 386
50. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 334
51. Ibid., p. 166
52. eds Heiber and Glantz, Hitler and his Generals, pp. 615–16
53. Speer, Inside the Third Reich, p. 426
54. Ibid.
55. Hastings, Armageddon, p. 421
56. Weintraub, Eleven Days, p. 178
57. BRGS 2/23
58. eds Heiber and Glantz, Hitler and his Generals, p. 188
59. eds Deutsch and Showalter, What If?, pp. 204–6
17: EASTERN APPROACHES
1. Beevor, Berlin, p. 11
2. Hastings, Armageddon, p. 111
3. Below, At Hitler’s Side, p. 184
4. Gerhard L. Weinberg in eds Deutsch and Showalter, What If?, p. 215
5. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 151
6. Beevor, Berlin, pp. 94–5
7. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 151
8. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1204
9. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 372
10. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 236
11. Bullock, Hitler, p. 657
12. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, pp. 345–6
13. Clark, Barbarossa, p. 374
14. Roberts, Stalin’s Wars, p. 165
15. Information from Lieutenant-Colonel Alexandr Kulikov, 8/6/2008
16. eds Burdick and Jacobsen, Halder War Diary, p. 309
17. Information from Lieutenant-Colonel Alexandr Kulikov, 8/6/2008
18. Mellenthin, Panzer Battles, p. 266n
19. Dupuy and Dupuy, Encyclopedia, p. 1220
20. Hastings, Armageddon, p. 111
21. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 130
22. Goldensohn, Nuremberg Interviews, p. 356
23. Ibid., pp. 346–7
24. Ibid., p. 347
25. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, pp. 158–9
26. Edward Harrison, Spectator, 29/11/2008, p. 52
27. Hastings, Das Reich section in On the Offensive, p. 23
28. Overy, Russia’s War, p. 292
29. Carruthers and Erickson, Russian Front, p. 158
30. Hastings, Das Reich section in On the Offensive, p. 23
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