tension with OKW 181, 326–7
Okinawa, battle of (1945) 260, 569–70, 572, 573, 577
Oklahoma, USS 192
Okuchi, Vice-Admiral Denshichi 278
Okumiya, Commander Masatake 251, 253, 255
OKW (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht; German Armed Forces High Command): and Allied Normandy invasion 473; creation of 18;
generals’ knowledge of and involvement in war crimes 492–7, 580–81, 582–3;
Hitler usurps grand strategy role 7, 8–9, 11, 590;
Hitler’s relations with generals 62, 75, 324, 326–7, 481, 486, 491–2, 510–11, 530, 539–40, 544–5, 549, 552, 580–85, 590, 592–7, 600–602;
invasion of Belgium, France and Holland 48–9, 55, 56, 63;
invasion of Norway 38;
invasion of USSR 141, 142, 144, 163, 165–6, 169, 170, 177;
Operation Zitadelle (battle of Kursk) 412, 416, 428;
planned invasion of Britain 92;
tension with OKH 181, 326–7;
and withdrawal from Russia 522–3
Olbricht, General Friedrich 482
Olympic, Operation 573
Olympus, Mount 125
Omaha beach 464, 467, 473–6, 477
Opálka, Adolf 242–3
Oradour-sur-Glane 479–80
Oran 84, 306; sinking of French fleet at (1940) 77, 92, 306
Ordzhonikidze 319
Orel 171, 411, 417, 421, 425, 427, 521, 522
Organisation Todt 344
Orkney Isles 39
Orléans 71
Orne, River 467, 470
Osborne, Sir D’Arcy (later 12th Duke of Leeds) 390, 483
Oscarburg 41
Oshima, Hiroshi 197, 544
Oslo 39, 40, 41
OSS (American Office of Strategic Services) 293
Ostau, Lina von (later Heydrich) 241–2
Ousby, Ian 490
Outerbridge, Lieutenant William 185
Ouvry, Lieutenant-Commander J. G. D. 36
Overlord, Operation: Churchill and Brooke on 461, 466; clashes between British and Americans over 605–7;
Liddell Hart on 478;
preparations for 393, 451, 453, 461–72; see also D-Day landings
Overy, Richard 162, 425–6, 430, 459, 538, 556
Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry 471
Pacific First policy 303, 564, 605
Pacific ‘island-hopping’ policy 533, 565
Pact of Steel (Germany–Italy; 1939) 9
Palau Islands 565
Palermo 378
Palestine 120, 127, 149, 221, 261, 588
Panikako, Mikhail 330
Panther (German tank) 161, 413, 418, 422, 524, 525, 526, 594
Panzer armies: First Panzer Army 316–17, 319; Second Panzer Army 175;
Third Panzer Army 533;
Fourth Panzer Army 316–17, 333, 412, 415–16, 418, 422, 592;
Fifth Panzer Army 487, 505, 507;
Sixth Panzer Army 505, 545, 548–9;
Seventh Panzer Army 487;
Ninth Panzer Army 421
Panzer corps: II SS Panzer Corps 421, 422, 424; XV Panzer Corps 73;
XVI Panzer Corps 73;
XIX Panzer Corps 48, 56;
XXIV Panzer Corps 169;
XLI Panzer Corps 56;
XLVII Panzer Corps 420, 506;
XLVIII Panzer Corps 415, 421;
LVI Panzer Corps 410
Panzer divisions: co-operation with Luftwaffe 51–2; Hermann Göring Panzer Division 402;
2nd Panzer Division 507;
2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich 419, 479–80;
3rd Panzer Division 419, 424;
6th Panzer Division 419;
7th Panzer Division 59, 419;
10th Panzer Division 311, 313;
11th Panzer Division 419;
12th SS Hitler Youth Panzer Division 472, 476;
14th Panzer Division 332, 344;
15th Panzer Division 123, 294, 296, 385;
16th Panzer Division 319, 344;
17th Panzer Division 424;
19th Panzer Division 421, 424;
21st Panzer Division 123, 127, 133, 293, 294, 296, 298, 303, 312, 476;
24th Panzer Division 315, 332, 344;
26th Panzer Division 396;
48th Panzer Division 522–3
Panzer groups: 1st Panzer Group 56, 60, 159, 166, 170, 175; 2nd Panzer Group 57, 72, 165, 167, 170, 171, 175;
3rd Panzer Group 167, 171, 175;
4th Panzer Group 171;
Panzer Group Eberbach 487;
Panzer Group West 487
Panzer tanks: Mark I 525; Mark II 525;
Mark III 182, 422, 525, 526;
Mark IV 181, 422, 525, 526;
Mark V 525
Papagos, General Alexander 124
Papon, Maurice 78
Papua New Guinea 210, 252
Paradis, Le, Pas-de-Calais 64
Paris: deportation of Jews from 78; French government leaves 70;
German occupation 72, 79, 84;
Hitler’s tour of 91, 180;
Hôtel Majestic 77;
liberation of 487–90, 491;
Panthéon 83;
refugees flee 58, 70;
Vélodrome d’Hiver 78
Park, Air Vice-Marshall Keith 105
Pas de Calais 463, 464, 468, 470, 471, 477, 594
Patton, General George S. Jr: and Allied advance into Germany 497, 499, 502, 514, 550; background and character 211, 303–4, 313, 377–8, 499, 509;
and battle of the Bulge 506–9;
Italian campaign 313, 376, 377–8;
Normandy campaign 463, 468, 486, 487, 488–9;
North African campaigns 303–5, 308, 312–13;
relations with other generals 304–5, 313, 508–9, 514, 602
Paul, Prince Regent of Yugoslavia 124
Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich: battle of Stalingrad 249, 314, 319, 328–9, 333, 335–7, 338–42, 409, 520, 601;
capture 342, 343;
created field marshal 342
Pavlov, D. V. 172
Pavlov, General Dmitri 158
Pavlov, Sergeant Jacob 330
Pawsey, Charles 272
Pax Americana 604
Payne, Signalman (at Dunkirk evacuation) 65
Pearl Harbor 185, 252, 256; Japanese attack on (December 1941) 133, 185–6, 188–93, 194, 214, 564;
US Pacific Fleet transferred to 187, 189
Peenemünde 441, 517, 586
Pegasus Bridge 470, 471
Peleliu 573
Pena river 415
Penney, William, Baron 576
Penney, Major-General W. R. C. 396
Pennsylvania, USS 191
Percival, Lieutenant-general Arthur 202–3, 205, 206–7
Persia 126, 128, 285; see also Iran
Persian Gulf 132
Perugia 403
Pesaro 403
Pescara 384
Petacci, Clara 405, 406
Pétain, Marshal Philippe: background and career 58, 71, 73, 80;
and North African campaigns 306;
reputation 79, 81;
rule in Vichy 77–8, 79–82
Petard, HMS 368
Peter II, King of Yugoslavia 124
Petrishchevo 159
Petsamo 29, 30, 34
Philip II, King of Spain 86
Philippines: American bases 187, 208, 209; Japanese atrocities in 209, 278–9;
Japanese attacks on 193;
Japanese invasion 201, 207, 208–9, 214;
United States recapture 565, 566, 567
Phillips, N. C. 387
Phillips, Leading Aircraftman Norman 475
Phillips, Admiral Sir Tom 202
Phoney War 35, 37, 53
phosgene gas 568
photo-reconnaissance 348, 416, 433
Pidgeon, Walter 105
Pienaar, Major-General Dan 290
Pillau 549
Pinbon 264
P
iotrów 28
Pipeline Under The Ocean (PLUTO) 464, 606
Pius XII, Pope 390–91, 483
Placentia Bay Conference (‘Riviera’; August 1941) 129–31, 214, 364
Plan D 53, 56
Plan Red 51–2, 70
Plan White 16, 18, 20, 21
Plan Yellow 48–9
Ploesti oilfields 124, 381
Plunder, Operation 514
Plunkett, USS 396
PLUTO (Pipeline Under The Ocean) 464, 606
Plymouth 102, 103, 576
Po Valley 403, 404
Pohl, SS-Obergruppenführer Oswald 236
Pointblank, Operation 439–40
Pointe du Hoc 476
Poland: armed forces 21, 23, 24, 43, 44; Catholic Church 390;
decryption of German radio traffic 347, 348, 349;
deportation of Poles to concentration camps 538;
emigration 574;
German invasion 9, 10, 15, 16–24, 25–7, 52, 242, 580;
German–Polish non-agression treaty (1934) 9, 17;
government in exile 26;
Government-General 77, 163;
Jews in 27, 28–9, 221, 223–4, 241, 243–4, 245, 536;
massacre of ethnic Germans 23;
partition of 26–7, 383;
Polish servicemen in Allied forces 107, 385, 400, 502;
polonisation 77;
post-war 561, 578;
Russian invasions 25, 26–7, 154, 162, 528, 532, 534, 538, 542;
Warsaw Uprising (1944) 245, 248, 489, 534, 536–9
Polish Corridor 17, 18–19, 23
Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa) 245, 536
Polish Independent Brigade Group 502
polonisation 77
Polotsk 528
Poltava, battle of (1709) 180
Polyarnoe 364
Pomerania 554
Pomorze Army (Polish) 23, 24
Ponary 226
Ponedelin, General Pavel 183
Pontarlier 52, 113
Ponyri 420
Pope Pius XII 390–91, 483
Popov, General Marian 421
Porajorpi 29
Porsche, Ferdinand 526
Port Moresby 252
Portal, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles (later Viscount Portal of Hungerford): and ‘Bomber’ Harris 433, 453; and bombing of French ports 370;
and bombing of Germany 440, 449–50, 453;
and death of General Sikorski 417;
underestimation of Japanese Air Force 187
Portsmouth 102
Portugal 112, 207
Potsdam Conference (1945) 562
Pound, Admiral Sir Dudley 204, 365–6
Powers, Lieutenant James 252
Pownall, Lieutenant-General (Sir) Henry 56
POWs (prisoners of war): American 209;
atrocities against 275, 582;
British 64, 546;
death rates of 275;
French 73, 84, 306;
German 160, 308, 314, 343, 345, 376, 486, 534–5;
Italian 308, 376;
Russian 157–8, 164–5, 224, 226, 234, 343, 555, 582;
SS massacres of Allied POWs 64;
Trent Park (CSDIC) interrogation centre 492–7, 585
Poznań 17, 542
Poznań Army (Polish) 24
Prague 9, 143, 242–3
Prasca, General Sebastiano Visconti 123
Prevail, USS 396
Prien, Lieutenant-Commander Günther 36, 357
Priestley, J. B. 104
Prince of Wales, HMS 129, 202, 203–4, 361, 362
Prinz Eugen (cruiser) 353, 360–62, 364, 549, 592
Prioux, General René 55, 59
Pripet Marshes 152, 153, 166, 227, 528, 533, 534
prisoners of war see POWs
Prokhorovka 421–3, 424, 426, 427–8, 597
propaganda: Goebbels’ propaganda machine 104, 416; on Hitler’s military ‘genius’ 49–50, 416;
Soviet 325, 330;
and spread of terror 23
Proserpina (tanker) 293
Prüfer, Kurt 236
Prussian Army 24, 484
Prut river 532, 539
Pskov 528
Pujol García, Juan 470
Purple (Japanese government cipher) 190, 347
Puttkamer, Karl-Jesko von 371
Pyawbwe 212, 566, 567
Qattara Depression 134, 287, 290, 291, 292
Quebec Conference (‘Quadrant’; 1943) 264, 375
Queen, Operation 503
Quincy, USS 258
Quisling, Vidkun 43
Rabaul 201, 210, 258
Rabelais, François 574
racial ideology 19, 27, 76, 140, 148, 163, 547, 574, 579, 590, 607–8
radar 93, 94–5, 99, 367, 435, 444, 447, 464
radio: Churchill’s broadcasts 58, 184; decryption and monitoring of radio traffic 347, 348–51, 363, 367–8, 372;
Goebbels’ broadcasts 514;
Hitler’s broadcasts 328, 332, 562, 592;
Truman’s broadcasts 576
Raeder, Admiral Erich: background and career 5, 353–4, 592;
and invasion of Norway 38, 39;
on Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor 194;
planned invasion of Britain 92;
resignation 355, 592;
support for Mediterranean strategy 149;
trial 39;
and U-boat war 353, 354
RAF (Royal Air Force): Advanced Air Striking Force 22, 70;
and Allied Normandy landings 468, 469, 470, 472, 478, 487;
battle of Britain 70, 93, 94–5, 96–100, 101, 102, 105, 106–9;
Bomber Command 99, 356, 430–32, 434–44, 447–9, 450–51, 453–4, 455, 458, 459–60, 600;
Burma campaign 273, 274;
co-operation with USAAF 199, 439–40, 449–50;
Coastal Command 356–7, 363, 370, 433;
Dunkirk evacuation 66;
Fighter Command 70, 94, 98–100, 107, 431;
foreign pilots 107;
German invasion of France 59;
Greek campaign 124;
losses 66, 70, 97–8, 99, 105, 108, 434–5, 450;
North African campaigns 121, 133, 134;
Norway campaign 40;
in Singapore 202;
supplies to USSR 364;
unpopularity with Army 66;
and V-1 attacks 515–16;
and Warsaw Uprising (1944) 245, 248, 538
Rahman Track 296, 297, 298, 303
Ramcke, General Bernhard 496
Ramcke Brigade 289, 293
Ramsay, Admiral Sir Bertram 60, 64, 65, 462, 503
Ramsbottom-Isherwood, Wing Commander H. N. G. 364
Ramsgate 92, 93
Ranger, USS 189
Rangoon 210, 212, 567, 568
Rankin, Jeannette 193
rape 268, 275, 278–9, 280, 541, 554–6
Rapido river 385, 387
Rastenburg 424
Rastus (‘Bomber’ Harris’s bull-terrier) 433
rationing: Britain 109, 111; Germany 177;
United States 197–8;
USSR 158–9, 172
Rattenhuber, Colonel Hans 480
Rattenkrieg (rat warfare) 322
Ravenstein, Lieutenant-General Johann von 133
RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force) 454
Red Army: atrocities in occupied territories 554–6; counter-offensives 176, 315, 323, 334, 409, 521–2, 524, 528, 591;
execution of soldiers 326, 530;
failings of 154, 161;
Hitler’s view of 143–4;
Katy-massacre 25, 536;
losses 159, 160, 170, 426, 520, 524, 550, 556–7, 603;
panic induced by German advances 158;
patriotism of 34, 144;
punishments for ‘counter-revolutionary crimes’ 561;
reintroduction of badges of seniority 343;
resilience against Germans 520, 529–30;
size 139–40, 154, 156, 551;
Stalin’s purging of 33, 143;
unprepared for German invasion 154–7; see also individual field armies and divisions
Red Cross 279, 537
Red Sea 121
Reggio 375
Regia Aeronautica see Italian air force
Reichenau, Field Marshal Walther von 20, 23, 55, 75, 227
Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) 90, 242
Reichswehr (German armed forces) 1, 3, 11; see also Wehrmacht
Reims 73
Reinberger, Major Helmuth 48–9
Reinhardt, General Georg-Hans 56, 59
Rejewski, Marian 347
Remagen 513, 596
Rendulic, General Lothar 492, 549, 596
Renown, HMS 37, 363
Renthe-Fink, Cecil von 41
Repola 29
Repulse, HMS 202, 203
Reserve Police Battalion 101 (German) 224–5
Reykjavik 44
Reynaud, Paul 58–9, 71, 73, 74
Rheinübung, Operation 361–4
Rhine, River 502, 503, 513, 514, 520, 596
Rhineland 4, 44, 143, 483
Rhodesia 107
Ribbentrop, Joachim von 10, 26, 179, 195, 196–7, 360, 482, 562, 582, 590
Richard Hovey, SS 277
Richards, Colonel Hugh 270, 272
Richthofen, Field Marshal Baron von 337
Rifle Brigade 294
Riga 226, 496–7
Riis, Ib 470
Rimini 404
Ring, Operation 341–2
Ritchie, General (Sir) Neil 133, 134, 283
River Plate, battle of the (1939) 37, 358
Riviera Conference see Placentia Bay
Roberts, Sir Frank 483
Robota, Róza 233
Rochs, Hugo 136, 137
Rockall 354
Rodimtsev, General Alexandr 325, 333
Rodney, HMS 40, 363
Roer river 503
Rogers, Sergeant M. A. W. 406
Rohland, Walter ‘Panzer’ 196
Röhm, Ernst 1, 16
Rokossovsky, General Konstantin 33, 154, 341, 412, 414, 418, 533, 534, 542, 549, 601, 602
Romagna 404
Romania: Allied air operations 449; declares war on Germany 539;
and German invasion of USSR 152;
German occupation 123;
German threat to 9;
internment of Polish Government 23;
oilfields 124, 142, 167, 381, 539, 593;
post-war 546, 562;
Russian invasion 521, 531, 532, 539;
servicemen in Axis forces 316, 333–5, 338, 521, 593;
surrender to Russians 539
Rome: Allied plans to capture 381, 384, 385, 387, 396, 401–2, 449, 490; Allied POWs in 312;
Ardeatine massacre (1944) 379;
The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War Page 88